CREATE TABLE `tng_timelineevents` (
  `tleventID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `evday` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  `evmonth` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  `evyear` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `endday` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  `endmonth` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  `endyear` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `evtitle` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `evdetail` text NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`tleventID`),
  KEY `evyear` (`evyear`,`evmonth`,`evday`,`evdetail`(100)),
  KEY `evdetail` (`evdetail`(100))
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=4898 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_swedish_ci;
INSERT INTO tng_timelineevents (tleventID,evday,evmonth,evyear,endday,endmonth,endyear,evtitle,evdetail) VALUES
("3022","6","10","1794","6","10","1794","","The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High\nTreason -  he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution\nto executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King\'s life and was theref"),
("3021","0","0","1794","0","0","1794","","Abolition of Parish Register duties"),
("3020","15","4","1793","15","4","1793","","?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England"),
("3019","11","2","1793","11","2","1793","","Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)"),
("3018","1","12","1792","1","12","1792","","King\'s Proclamation drawing out the British militia"),
("3016","1","10","1792","1","10","1792","","Introduction of Money Orders in Britain"),
("3017","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","","Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot"),
("3015","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","","Boyle\'s Street Directory published"),
("3012","0","0","1791","0","0","1791","","Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain"),
("3013","4","12","1791","4","12","1791","","First publication of The Observer -  world\'s oldest Sunday newspaper"),
("3014","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","","Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) -  Fox gets Libel Act through\nParliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel"),
("3010","0","0","1790","0","0","1790","","Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland"),
("3011","0","0","1791","0","0","1791","","John Bell, printer, abandons the long s\' (the \'s\' that looks like an \'f\') "),
("3009","28","4","1789","28","4","1789","","Mutiny on HMS Bounty -  Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift\nand the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island"),
("3008","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","","Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire\' "),
("3007","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","","King George III\'s mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis -  Edmund Burke and\nCharles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt -  trying to obtain full regal powers for the\nPrince of Wales"),
("3005","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","","Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not\nenforced)"),
("3006","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","","First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade -  stipulates\nmore humane conditions on slave ships"),
("3004","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","","First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland"),
("3003","26","1","1788","26","1","1788","","First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13\nMay 1787) ? the \'First Fleet\'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip"),
("3002","0","0","1787","0","0","1787","","MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord\'s ground in London"),
("3001","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","","Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2\nmillion)"),
("3000","1","1","1785","1","1","1785","","John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal\nRegister for 3 years)"),
("2999","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","","Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle"),
("2998","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","","First golf club founded at St Andrews"),
("2997","2","8","1784","2","8","1784","","First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)"),
("2996","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","","Wesley breaks with the Church of England"),
("2995","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","","Pitt\'s India Act -  the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has\npower to guide Indian politics"),
("2994","3","11","1783","3","11","1783","","Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)"),
("2993","3","9","1783","3","9","1783","","Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)"),
("2991","0","0","1782","0","0","1782","","James Watt patents his steam engine"),
("2992","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","","Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry -  repealed 1794) -  led to a fall in\nentries!"),
("2990","0","0","1782","0","0","1782","","Gilbert\'s Act establishes outdoor poor relief -  the way of life of the poor beginning to\nalter due to industrialisation -  New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce\nthat would adjust to new work patterns"),
("2989","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","","About this time the word \'Quiz\' entered the language, said to have been invented as a\nwager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager"),
("2988","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","","Fountain pen invented"),
("2987","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","","The English Reform Movement -  until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders\nwith 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books"),
("2986","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","","Male Servants Tax"),
("2984","4","5","1780","4","5","1780","","First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)"),
("2985","2","6","1780","2","6","1780","","Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots -  Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure -  for\ndays, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread"),
("2982","0","0","1779","0","0","1779","","First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland"),
("2983","23","9","1779","23","9","1779","","Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head"),
("2981","0","0","1779","0","0","1779","","First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson"),
("2980","0","0","1779","0","0","1779","","Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent"),
("2979","14","2","1779","14","2","1779","","Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii"),
("2978","0","0","1777","0","0","1777","","Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw."),
("2975","0","0","1776","0","0","1776","","Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population"),
("2976","0","0","1776","0","0","1776","","Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine"),
("2977","7","9","1776","7","9","1776","","First attack on a warship by a submarine -  David Bushnell\'s ?Turtle\' attacked\nHMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did\ndetonate beneath the ship)  but was nevertheless unsuccessful. \'Turtle\' was a one man\nAffair  ma"),
("2974","4","7","1776","4","7","1776","","American Declaration of Independence"),
("2973","19","4","1775","19","4","1775","","Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)"),
("2972","13","9","1774","13","9","1774","","Cook arrives on Easter Island"),
("2971","0","0","1772","0","0","1772","","Morning Post\' first published (until 1937) "),
("2969","14","5","1772","14","5","1772","","Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England"),
("2970","0","0","1772","0","0","1772","","First Travellers\' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company"),
("2968","0","0","1771","0","0","1771","","Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England"),
("2967","0","0","1770","0","0","1770","","Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major\nthoroughfare for maritime communications"),
("2965","0","0","1769","0","0","1769","","Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand"),
("2966","28","4","1770","28","4","1770","","Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims\nAustralia for Britain"),
("2964","0","0","1769","0","0","1769","","Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)"),
("2963","6","9","1769","6","9","1769","","David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon"),
("2962","6","12","1768","6","12","1768","","The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica\' published in Edinburgh by\nWilliam Smellie "),
("2961","9","1","1768","9","1","1768","","Philip Astley starts his circus in London"),
("2960","0","0","1767","0","0","1767","","Newcomen\'s steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt"),
("2959","5","12","1766","5","12","1766","","Christie\'s auction house founded in London by James Christie"),
("2958","0","0","1766","0","0","1766","","Start of \'composite\' national records on rainfall in the UK"),
("2957","0","0","1765","0","0","1765","","The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe"),
("2956","22","3","1765","22","3","1765","","Stamp Act passed -  imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the\nAmerican colonies (repealed the following year)"),
("2955","0","0","1764","0","0","1764","","Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight"),
("2954","0","0","1764","0","0","1764","","James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)"),
("2952","0","0","1764","0","0","1764","","Lloyd\'s Register of shipping first prepared"),
("2953","0","0","1764","0","0","1764","","Practice of numbering houses introduced to London"),
("2950","0","0","1762","0","0","1762","","Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba"),
("2951","0","0","1763","0","0","1763","","Treaty of Paris -  gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain -  (Newfoundland\n[fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) -  but English displaces French\nas the international language"),
("2947","0","0","1760","0","0","1760","","Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland"),
("2948","5","5","1760","5","5","1760","","First use of hangman\'s drop"),
("2949","16","1","1761","16","1","1761","","British capture Pondicherry, India from the French"),
("2945","0","0","1759","0","0","1759","","Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels"),
("2946","25","10","1760","25","10","1760","","George II dies -  George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called first Industrial Revolution\' "),
("2944","16","10","1759","16","10","1759","","Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton\'s) completed"),
("2943","15","1","1759","15","1","1759","","British Museum opens to the public in London"),
("2942","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","","India stops being merely a commercial venture -  England begins dominating it\npolitically -  The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade"),
("2941","0","0","1757","0","0","1757","","The foundation laid for the Empire of India"),
("2940","23","6","1757","23","6","1757","","The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of\nPlassey (Palashi, June 23) -  the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive"),
("2939","14","3","1757","14","3","1757","","Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca"),
("2938","0","6","1756","0","6","1756","","Black Hole of Calcutta -  146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British\nsources"),
("2936","2","12","1755","2","12","1755","","Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire"),
("2937","15","5","1756","15","5","1756","","The Seven Years War with France (Pitt\'s trade war) begins"),
("2935","0","0","1755","0","0","1755","","Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)"),
("2934","0","0","1755","0","0","1755","","Publication of Dictionary of the English Language\' by Dr Samuel Johnson "),
("2933","0","0","1754","0","0","1754","","First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India"),
("2932","0","0","1754","0","0","1754","","In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by\nsubdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one"),
("2931","0","0","1754","0","0","1754","","Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be\nused -  Quakers & Jews exempt"),
("2930","0","0","1753","0","0","1753","","Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum"),
("2929","1","5","1753","1","5","1753","","Publication of ?Species Plantarum\' by Linnaeus  and the formal start date of plant\ntaxonomy "),
("2928","0","0","1752","0","0","1752","","Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor"),
("2927","3","9","1752","3","9","1752","","Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and\nScotland, making this Sep 14"),
("2926","1","1","1752","1","1","1752","","Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year\nin 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as\n1582]"),
("2925","0","3","1751","0","3","1751","","Chesterfield\'s Calendar Act passed -  royal assent to the bill was given on 22\nMay 1751 -  decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his"),
("2924","16","11","1750","16","11","1750","","Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)"),
("2923","0","2","1750","0","2","1750","","Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with\npredictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)"),
("2922","27","4","1749","27","4","1749","","First performance of Handel\'s Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park,\nLondon)"),
("2921","0","0","1747","0","0","1747","","Act for Pacification of the Highlands"),
("2920","0","0","1747","0","0","1747","","Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland"),
("2919","16","4","1746","16","4","1746","","Battle of Culloden -  last battle fought in Britain -  5,000 Highlanders routed by\nthe Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots -  Young Pretender Charles flees to\nContinent, ending Jacobite hopes forever -  the wearing of the kilt prohibited"),
("2918","19","8","1745","19","8","1745","","Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - \nraises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans -  The Pretender\'s army invades Perth,\nEdinburgh, and England as far as Derby"),
("2917","0","0","1744","0","0","1744","","Tune \'God Save the King\' makes its appearance"),
("2916","0","0","1745","0","0","1745","","Jacobite rebellion in Scotland (\'The Forty-five\')"),
("2915","16","6","1743","16","6","1743","","(June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen -  last time a British\nsovereign (George II) led troops in battle"),
("2914","0","0","1742","0","0","1742","","England goes to war with Spain -  incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham)\nfor the sake of trade"),
("2913","0","0","1741","0","0","1741","","Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites -  Earliest Moravian\nregisters"),
("2912","0","0","1739","0","0","1739","","Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival"),
("2911","23","10","1739","23","10","1739","","War of Jenkins\' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain"),
("2910","7","4","1739","7","4","1739","","Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York"),
("2909","24","5","1738","24","5","1738","","John Wesley has his conversion experience"),
("2908","0","0","1737","0","0","1737","","Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship\nof the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)"),
("2907","0","0","1734","0","0","1734","","Kent\'s Directory published"),
("2906","0","0","1733","0","0","1733","","John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry"),
("2905","0","0","1733","0","0","1733","","Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed -  some continued in\nLatin for a few years"),
("2902","0","0","1731","0","0","1731","","Invention of sextant by John Hadley"),
("2903","7","12","1732","7","12","1732","","Covent Garden Opera House opens"),
("2904","0","0","1733","0","0","1733","","Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - \nPulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax"),
("2901","0","0","1731","0","0","1731","","Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]"),
("2900","0","0","1730","0","0","1730","","Irish famine"),
("2898","11","6","1727","11","6","1727","","George I dies -  George II Hanover becomes king"),
("2899","9","11","1729","9","11","1729","","Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain -  Britain maintained\ncontrol of Port Mahon and Gibraltar"),
("2897","0","0","1727","0","0","1727","","Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland"),
("2896","0","0","1726","0","0","1726","","Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison"),
("2895","0","0","1726","0","0","1726","","First circulating library opened in Edinburgh"),
("2894","0","0","1724","0","0","1724","","Longman\'s founded (Britain\'s oldest publishing house)"),
("2893","0","0","1724","0","0","1724","","Rapid growth of gin drinking in England"),
("2892","0","0","1723","0","0","1723","","The Workhouse Act or Test -  to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse"),
("2891","0","0","1723","0","0","1723","","The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code -  people could be\nsentenced to death for theft and poaching -  repealed in 1827"),
("2890","0","0","1723","0","0","1723","","Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate"),
("2889","0","0","1722","0","0","1722","","Knatchbull\'s Act, poor laws"),
("2888","0","0","1722","0","0","1722","","Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland"),
("2887","2","4","1721","2","4","1721","","Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)"),
("2886","0","0","1720","0","0","1720","","Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England"),
("2885","0","0","1720","0","0","1720","","Manufacturing towns start to increase in population -  rise of new wealth"),
("2884","0","0","1720","0","0","1720","","South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley -  government assumes\ncontrol of National Debt"),
("2881","0","0","1717","0","0","1717","","First Masonic Lodge opens in London"),
("2882","0","0","1717","0","0","1717","","Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings"),
("2883","0","0","1719","0","0","1719","","Third abortive Jacobite rising"),
("2880","0","0","1716","0","0","1716","","Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without\ninterrupting the frost fair"),
("2879","0","0","1716","0","0","1716","","The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption -  general elections\nnow to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)"),
("2878","0","0","1715","0","0","1715","","Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender (\'The Fifteen\')"),
("2877","1","8","1715","1","8","1715","","Riot Act passed"),
("2876","0","0","1714","0","0","1714","","Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism"),
("2875","0","0","1714","0","0","1714","","Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England"),
("2874","0","0","1714","0","0","1714","","Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of\ndetermining a ship\'s longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer)."),
("2873","1","8","1714","1","8","1714","","Queen Anne Stuart dies -  George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727)."),
("2872","0","0","1713","0","0","1713","","By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London"),
("2871","0","0","1712","0","0","1712","","Toleration Act passed -  first relief to non-Anglicans"),
("2870","0","0","1712","0","0","1712","","Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)"),
("2869","0","0","1712","0","0","1712","","Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)"),
("2868","0","0","1711","0","0","1711","","Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London"),
("2867","11","8","1711","11","8","1711","","First race meeting at Ascot"),
("2866","0","0","1710","0","0","1710","","Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced"),
("2865","0","0","1709","0","0","1709","","Bad harvests throughout Europe -  bread riots in Britain"),
("2864","0","0","1709","0","0","1709","","First Copyright Act pass"),
("2863","0","0","1709","0","0","1709","","Second Eddystone lighthouse completed"),
("2862","2","2","1709","2","2","1709","","Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book\nRobinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe"),
("2861","0","0","1708","0","0","1708","","Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls"),
("2860","0","0","1708","0","0","1708","","First Jacobite rising in Scotland"),
("2859","1","5","1707","1","5","1707","","English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - \nThe Kingdom of Great Britain established -  largest free-trade area in Europe at the time"),
("2858","16","1","1707","16","1","1707","","Union with Scotland -  Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English\nParliament in return for full trading privileges -  Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in\nMarch"),
("2857","0","0","1706","0","0","1706","","First evening newspaper The Evening Post\' issued in London "),
("2856","0","0","1705","0","0","1705","","Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)"),
("2855","0","0","1705","0","0","1705","","First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710\nor 1711)"),
("2853","13","8","1704","13","8","1704","","Battle of Blenheim"),
("2854","0","0","1704","0","0","1704","","Penal Code enacted -  Catholics barred from voting, education and the military"),
("2852","4","8","1703","4","8","1703","","British take Gibraltar"),
("2851","24","11","1703","24","11","1703","","Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage\nacross southern England -  about a third of Britain\'s merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone\nlighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)"),
("2850","11","3","1702","11","3","1702","","First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)"),
("2849","8","3","1702","8","3","1702","","Anne Stuart becomes Queen"),
("2848","23","5","1701","23","5","1701","","After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain\nWilliam Kidd hanged in London"),
("2847","0","0","1701","0","0","1701","","Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne"),
("2846","0","0","1700","0","0","1700","","Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million"),
("2845","14","11","2007","14","11","2007","","First rail service direct from St Pancras to France (replacing that from Waterloo)"),
("2844","1","7","2007","1","7","2007","","Prohibition of smoking in enclosed public places in England (thus completing\ncover of the entire UK)"),
("2843","8","5","2007","8","5","2007","","A Northern Ireland Executive formed under the leadership of Ian Paisley (DUP)\nand Martin McGuinness (Sinn Fein)"),
("2842","19","2","2007","19","2","2007","","Extension of Congestion Charge zone for London, westwards"),
("2841","1","1","2007","1","1","2007","","Further enlargement of the European Union to include Bulgaria and Romania"),
("2840","21","8","2006","21","8","2006","","UK postage rates start to be measured by size as well as by weight"),
("2839","21","4","2006","21","4","2006","","80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth II"),
("2838","26","3","2006","26","3","2006","","Prohibition of smoking in enclosed public places in Scotland"),
("2837","1","3","2006","1","3","2006","","Welsh Assembly Building opened by the Queen"),
("2836","21","12","2005","21","12","2005","","Same-sex civil partnerships begin\n-  famously, on this day, between Elton John and David Furnish"),
("2835","11","12","2005","11","12","2005","","Explosions at the Buncefield Oil Depot in Hemel Hempstead"),
("2834","9","12","2005","9","12","2005","","Last Routemaster bus runs on regular service in London"),
("2833","12","9","2005","12","9","2005","","England regain the \'Ashes\' after a gripping Test series (but are whitewashed 5-0\nin the return series in Australia 2007)"),
("2832","28","7","2005","28","7","2005","","IRA declare an end to their \'armed struggle\'"),
("2831","7","7","2005","7","7","2005","","Suicide bombers attack London for the first time"),
("2830","6","7","2005","6","7","2005","","London chosen as venue for the 2012 Olympic Games"),
("2829","18","2","2005","18","2","2005","","Ban on hunting with dogs came into force in England & Wales (had already\nbeen a similar law for about two years in Scotland)"),
("2828","16","2","2005","16","2","2005","","Kyoto Protocol on climate change came into force"),
("2827","1","5","2004","1","5","2004","","Enlargement of the European Union to include 25 members by the entry of 10\nnew states: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary,\nSlovenia, Malta, Cyprus"),
("2826","29","3","2004","29","3","2004","","Alistair Cooke dies at the age of 95 -  until four weeks previously, and since\n1946, he had broadcast his regular \'Letter from America\' on BBC radio"),
("2825","29","3","2004","29","3","2004","","Ireland becomes first country in the world to ban smoking in public places"),
("2824","26","12","2003","26","12","2003","","Queen Mary 2 arrives in Southampton from the builder\'s yard in France 2004"),
("2823","13","12","2003","13","12","2003","","Saddam Hussein captured near his home town of Tikrit (executed 30 Dec 2006)"),
("2821","24","10","2003","24","10","2003","","Last commercial flight of Concorde"),
("2822","22","11","2003","22","11","2003","","England wins Rugby World Cup in nail-biting final in Australia -  first northern\nhemisphere team to do this"),
("2820","10","8","2003","10","8","2003","","Temperatures reach record high of 101 F (38.3 C) in Kent"),
("2819","17","2","2003","17","2","2003","","Start of Congestion Charge for traffic entering central London"),
("2818","2","7","2002","2","7","2002","","Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a\nballoon"),
("2817","30","3","2002","30","3","2002","","The Queen Mother dies, aged 101 years"),
("2816","22","2","2002","22","2","2002","","Millennium Bridge over the Thames in London finally opens"),
("2815","1","1","2002","1","1","2002","","Twelve major countries in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Holland, Irish Republic,\nItaly, Luxembourg, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Spain, Portugal) and their\ndependents start using the Euro instead of their old national currencies; the UK stays\nout -  the "),
("2814","0","12","2001","0","12","2001","","UK Christmas stamps self-adhesive for the first time (self-adhesive 1st & 2nd class\ndefinitives already on sale)"),
("2813","7","11","2001","7","11","2001","","Concorde flights resume after modifications to tyres and fuel tanks"),
("2812","1","9","2001","1","9","2001","","New-style number plates on road vehicles in UK [eg. AB 51 ABC]"),
("2811","7","6","2001","7","6","2001","","General Election -  Labour returned again with a large majority, the first time\nthey had succeeded in gaining a second term"),
("2810","12","5","2001","12","5","2001","","FA Cup Final played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff -  first time away from Wembley since 1922"),
("2809","0","2","2001","0","2","2001","","Outbreak of Foot & Mouth disease in UK -  lasted until October -  caused\npostponement of local and general elections from May to June"),
("2808","0","0","1999","0","0","1999","","World population reaches 6 billion"),
("2807","0","10","2000","0","10","2000","","Heavy rains cause worst flooding since records began (1850s) in many\nparts of Britain (Oct-Dec)"),
("2806","17","10","2000","17","10","2000","","Derailment at speed on the main London-North eastern line at Hatfield caused\nby a broken rail"),
("2805","0","9","2000","0","9","2000","","\'People Power\' emerged suddenly as protestors against high Road Fuel Tax used\nmobile phones and the Internet to co-ordinate blockades on fuel depots -  resulted in\nnationwide panic buying of fuel and service stations running out across the country"),
("2804","25","7","2000","25","7","2000","","A chartered Air France Concorde crashes on take-off at Paris with the loss of all lives"),
("2803","10","6","2000","10","6","2000","","Millennium footbridge over the Thames opens, but wobbles and is quickly\ndeclared dangerous and closed -  finally reopened Feb 2002"),
("2802","4","5","2000","4","5","2000","","Ken Livingstone elected first Mayor of London (not to be confused with Lord\nMayor of London!)"),
("2801","22","4","2000","22","4","2000","","The Big Number Change takes place in the UK -  affected telephone dialling\ncodes assigned to Cardiff, Coventry, London, Northern Ireland, Portsmouth and Southampton"),
("2800","0","3","2000","0","3","2000","","London Eye opens, late but popular"),
("2799","1","1","2000","1","1","2000","","The year in Britain started with a \'flu bug rather than a millennium bug"),
("2798","11","11","1999","11","11","1999","","Hereditary Peers no longer have right to sit in House of Lords"),
("2797","11","8","1999","11","8","1999","","Total eclipse of the sun visible in Devon and Cornwall"),
("2796","1","7","1999","1","7","1999","","The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth -  powers are\nofficially transferred from the Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish\nExecutive in Edinburgh"),
("2795","1","1","1999","1","1","1999","","European Monetary Union begins -  UK opts out -  by the end of the year the\nEuro has approximately the same value as the US Dollar"),
("2794","27","9","1998","27","9","1998","","\'Google\' search engine founded"),
("2793","14","8","1998","14","8","1998","","Car bomb explodes in Omagh killing 29 people"),
("2792","10","4","1998","10","4","1998","","Good Friday peace agreement in Northern Ireland -  effectively implemented in\nMay 2007"),
("2790","31","8","1997","31","8","1997","","Diana, Princess of Wales killed in car crash in Paris"),
("2791","25","9","1997","25","9","1997","","Land speed record breaks sound barrier for first time"),
("2789","19","7","1997","19","7","1997","","IRA declares a ceasefire"),
("2788","1","7","1997","1","7","1997","","Hong Kong returned to China"),
("2787","11","5","1997","11","5","1997","","First time a computer beats a master at chess (IBM\'s Deep Blue v Garry\nKasparov)"),
("2786","6","5","1997","6","5","1997","","Announcement that Bank of England to be made independent of Government\ncontrol"),
("2785","1","5","1997","1","5","1997","","\'New\' Labour landslide victory in Britain (Tony Blair replaces John Major as\nPrime Minister)"),
("2784","30","3","1997","30","3","1997","","Channel 5 TV begins in UK (launched by the Spice Girls)"),
("2783","28","8","1996","28","8","1996","","Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales are divorced"),
("2781","15","6","1996","15","6","1996","","IRA bomb explodes in Manchester"),
("2782","5","7","1996","5","7","1996","","Scientists in Scotland clone a sheep (Dolly)"),
("2780","13","3","1996","13","3","1996","","Dunblane massacre"),
("2779","9","2","1996","9","2","1996","","IRA bomb explodes in London Docklands -  ends 17 month ceasefire"),
("2778","22","11","1995","22","11","1995","","Toy Story\' released -  first feature-length film created completely using\ncomputer-generated imagery "),
("2776","15","7","1995","15","7","1995","","First item sold on Amazon.com"),
("2777","16","11","1995","16","11","1995","","The Queen Mother has a hip replacement operation at 95 years old"),
("2775","26","2","1995","26","2","1995","","Nick Leeson brings down Barings Bank"),
("2774","0","0","1994","0","0","1994","","15 million people now connected to the Internet"),
("2773","19","11","1994","19","11","1994","","National Lottery starts"),
("2772","6","5","1994","6","5","1994","","Channel Tunnel open to traffic"),
("2771","12","3","1994","12","3","1994","","Church of England ordains its first female priests"),
("2770","0","0","1993","0","0","1993","","Elizabeth II becomes first British Monarch to pay Income Tax"),
("2769","0","0","1993","0","0","1993","","Betty Boothroyd first woman Speaker of the House of Commons (to 2000)"),
("2768","0","7","1993","0","7","1993","","Ratification of Maastricht Treaty, established the European Union (EU)"),
("2767","24","11","1992","24","11","1992","","The Queen describes this year as an \'Annus Horribilis\'"),
("2765","16","9","1992","16","9","1992","","\'Black Wednesday\' as Pound leaves the ERM"),
("2766","20","11","1992","20","11","1992","","Fire breaks out in Windsor Castle causing over ?50 million worth of damage"),
("2762","7","2","1992","7","2","1992","","European Union formed by The Maastricht Treaty"),
("2763","22","4","1992","22","4","1992","","Betty Boothroyd elected as first female Speaker of the House of Commons"),
("2764","15","8","1992","15","8","1992","","Football Premier League kicks off in England"),
("2761","0","0","1991","0","0","1991","","The \'Internet\' comes into existence"),
("2760","5","11","1991","5","11","1991","","Robert Maxwell drowns at sea"),
("2759","6","9","1991","6","9","1991","","Leningrad renamed St Petersburg"),
("2758","0","8","1991","0","8","1991","","Collapse of the Soviet Union"),
("2757","18","5","1991","18","5","1991","","Helen Sharman is first British Astronaut in Space"),
("2756","0","0","1991","0","0","1991","","Poll Tax replaced (by Council Tax)"),
("2755","1","12","1990","1","12","1990","","Channel Tunnel excavation teams meet in the middle"),
("2754","22","11","1990","22","11","1990","","Margaret Thatcher resigns as Conservative party leader (and Prime Minister)"),
("2753","25","4","1990","25","4","1990","","Hubble space telescope launched"),
("2752","31","3","1990","31","3","1990","","Riots in London against Poll Tax which had been implemented in England &\nWales"),
("2751","11","2","1990","11","2","1990","","Nelson Mandela released in South Africa"),
("2749","9","11","1989","9","11","1989","","Berlin Wall torn down"),
("2750","21","11","1989","21","11","1989","","Proceedings of House of Commons first televised live"),
("2748","0","0","1989","0","0","1989","","Poll Tax implemented in Scotland"),
("2747","2","3","1989","2","3","1989","","EU decision to ban production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of\nthe century"),
("2746","14","2","1989","14","2","1989","","The first of 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System is placed into orbit"),
("2745","21","12","1988","21","12","1988","","Lockerbie disaster -  Pan Am flight 103 explodes over Scotland"),
("2744","12","12","1988","12","12","1988","","Clapham Junction rail crash kills 35 and injures hundreds after two collisions of\nthree commuter trains"),
("2742","6","7","1988","6","7","1988","","Piper Alpha disaster -  North Sea oil platform destroyed by explosion and fire\nkilling 167 men"),
("2743","15","11","1988","15","11","1988","","Copyright, Designs and Patents Act -  reformulated the statutory basis of\ncopyright law (including performing rights) in the UK"),
("2740","0","0","1987","0","0","1987","","World population crossed the 5 billion mark"),
("2741","5","2","1988","5","2","1988","","First \'Red Nose Day\' in UK, raising money for charity"),
("2739","18","11","1987","18","11","1987","","King\'s Cross fire in London -  31 people die"),
("2738","8","11","1987","8","11","1987","","Enniskillen bombing at a Remembrance Day ceremony"),
("2737","19","10","1987","19","10","1987","","\'Black Monday\' in the City of London -  Stock Market crash"),
("2736","16","10","1987","16","10","1987","","The \'Hurricane\' sweeps southern England"),
("2735","19","8","1987","19","8","1987","","Hungerford Massacre -  Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with a rifle"),
("2734","1","7","1987","1","7","1987","","Excavation begins on the Channel Tunnel"),
("2733","6","3","1987","6","3","1987","","Car ferry Herald of Free Enterprise\' capsizes off Zeebrugge -  188 die "),
("2732","2","2","1987","2","2","1987","","Terry Waite kidnapped in Beirut (released 17 Nov 1991)"),
("2731","29","10","1986","29","10","1986","","M25 motorway ring around London completed"),
("2730","27","10","1986","27","10","1986","","\'Big Bang\' (deregulation) of the London Stock Market"),
("2729","23","7","1986","23","7","1986","","Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey"),
("2728","26","5","1986","26","5","1986","","The European Community adopts the European flag"),
("2727","26","4","1986","26","4","1986","","Chernobyl nuclear accident -  radiation reached Britain on 2 Ma"),
("2726","31","3","1986","31","3","1986","","GLC and 6 metropolitan councils abolished"),
("2725","1","9","1985","1","9","1985","","Wreck of Titanic\' found (sank 1912) "),
("2724","13","7","1985","13","7","1985","","Live Aid\' pop concert raises over ?50M for famine relief "),
("2723","11","3","1985","11","3","1985","","Al Fayed buys Harrods"),
("2722","3","3","1985","3","3","1985","","Miners agree to call off strike"),
("2721","3","12","1984","3","12","1984","","British Telecom privatised -  shares make massive gains on first day\'s trading"),
("2720","24","10","1984","24","10","1984","","Miners\' strike ? High Court orders sequestration of NUM assets"),
("2719","12","10","1984","12","10","1984","","IRA bomb explodes at Tory conference hotel in Brighton -  4 killed"),
("2718","9","7","1984","9","7","1984","","York Minster struck by lightning -  the resulting fire damaged much of the building\nbut the Rose Window\' not affected "),
("2717","22","6","1984","22","6","1984","","Inaugural flight of Virgin Atlantic"),
("2715","6","3","1984","6","3","1984","","Miners strike begins"),
("2716","17","4","1984","17","4","1984","","Police Constable Yvonne Fletcher killed by gunfire from the Libyan Embassy in\nLondon"),
("2714","0","0","1983","0","0","1983","","First female Lord Mayor of London elected (Dame Mary Donaldson)"),
("2713","26","11","1983","26","11","1983","","Brinks Mat robbery: 6,800 gold bars worth nearly ?26 million are stolen from a\nvault at Heathrow Airport"),
("2712","7","10","1983","7","10","1983","","Plans to abolish GLC announced"),
("2711","21","4","1983","21","4","1983","","?1 coin into circulation in Britain"),
("2709","17","1","1983","17","1","1983","","Start of breakfast TV in Britain"),
("2710","31","1","1983","31","1","1983","","Seat belt law comes into force"),
("2708","12","12","1982","12","12","1982","","Women\'s peace protest at Greenham Common (Cruise missiles arrived 14 Nov\n1983)"),
("2707","4","11","1982","4","11","1982","","Lorries up to 38 tonnes allowed on Britain\'s roads"),
("2706","2","11","1982","2","11","1982","","Channel 4 TV station launched -  first programme \'Countdown\'"),
("2705","31","10","1982","31","10","1982","","Thames Barrier raised for first time (some say first public demonstration Nov 7)"),
("2704","11","10","1982","11","10","1982","","Mary Rose\' raised in the Solent (sank in 1545) "),
("2703","19","9","1982","19","9","1982","","Smiley emoticon :-) said to have been used for the first time"),
("2702","20","7","1982","20","7","1982","","IRA bombings in London (Hyde Park and Regents Park)"),
("2701","21","6","1982","21","6","1982","","Prince William is born"),
("2700","14","6","1982","14","6","1982","","Ceasefire in Falklands"),
("2699","28","5","1982","28","5","1982","","First land battle in Falklands (Goose Green)"),
("2698","2","5","1982","2","5","1982","","British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror sinks Argentine cruiser General\nBelgrano"),
("2697","5","4","1982","5","4","1982","","Royal Navy fleet sails from Portsmouth for Falklands"),
("2696","2","4","1982","2","4","1982","","Argentina invades Falkland (Malvinas) Islands"),
("2693","5","2","1982","5","2","1982","","Laker Airways collapses"),
("2694","19","2","1982","19","2","1982","","DeLorean Car factory in Belfast goes into receivership"),
("2695","18","3","1982","18","3","1982","","Argentinians raised flag in South Georgia"),
("2692","26","1","1982","26","1","1982","","Unemployment reached 3 million in Britain (1 in 8 of working population)"),
("2691","12","8","1981","12","8","1981","","IBM launches its PC ? starts the general use of personal computers"),
("2690","29","7","1981","29","7","1981","","Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (divorced 28 Aug 1996)"),
("2689","27","4","1981","27","4","1981","","First use of computer mouse (by Xerox PARC system)"),
("2688","25","4","1981","25","4","1981","","Worst April blizzards this century in Britain"),
("2687","11","4","1981","11","4","1981","","Brixton riots in South London -  30 other British cities also experience riots"),
("2686","29","3","1981","29","3","1981","","First London marathon run"),
("2684","8","12","1980","8","12","1980","","John Lennon assassinated in New York"),
("2685","25","1","1981","25","1","1981","","Launch of SDP by \'Gang of Four\' in Britain"),
("2682","18","9","1979","18","9","1979","","ILEA votes to abolish corporal punishment in its schools"),
("2683","5","5","1980","5","5","1980","","SAS storm Iranian Embassy in London to free hostages"),
("2681","27","8","1979","27","8","1979","","Lord Mountbatten and 3 others killed in bomb blast off coast of Sligo, Ireland"),
("2680","1","7","1979","1","7","1979","","Sony introduces the Walkman"),
("2679","4","5","1979","4","5","1979","","Margaret Thatcher becomes first woman UK Prime Minister"),
("2678","31","3","1979","31","3","1979","","Withdrawal of the Royal Navy from Malta"),
("2677","30","3","1979","30","3","1979","","Airey Neave killed by a car bomb at Westminster"),
("2676","1","3","1979","1","3","1979","","32.5% of Scots vote in favor of devolution (40% needed) -  Welsh vote overwhelmingly against"),
("2675","30","11","1978","30","11","1978","","Publication of The Times suspended -  industrial relations problems (until 13\nNov 1979)"),
("2674","25","7","1978","25","7","1978","","World\'s first \'test tube\' baby, Louise Browne born in Oldham"),
("2673","1","5","1978","1","5","1978","","First May Day holiday in Britain"),
("2672","8","4","1978","8","4","1978","","Regular broadcast of proceedings in Parliament starts"),
("2671","22","11","1977","22","11","1977","","Regular supersonic Concorde service between London and NY inaugurated"),
("2670","7","6","1977","7","6","1977","","Queen\'s Silver Jubilee celebrations in London"),
("2669","5","6","1977","5","6","1977","","Apple II, the first practical personal computer, goes on sale"),
("2668","25","5","1977","25","5","1977","","George Lucas\' film Star Wars\' released "),
("2667","2","3","1977","2","3","1977","","\'Red Rum\' wins a third Grand National "),
("2666","0","0","1976","0","0","1976","","National Theatre opens in London"),
("2665","1","4","1976","1","4","1976","","Apple Computer formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak"),
("2664","0","0","1976","0","0","1976","","James Callaghan becomes Prime Minister"),
("2663","0","0","1976","0","0","1976","","Deaths exceeded live births in E&W for first time since records began in 1837"),
("2662","0","0","1976","0","0","1976","","\'Cod War\' between Britain and Iceland"),
("2660","21","1","1976","21","1","1976","","Concorde enters supersonic passenger service"),
("2661","6","8","1976","6","8","1976","","Drought Act 1976 comes into force ? the long, hot summer"),
("2658","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","","Dutch Elm disease devastates trees across UK"),
("2659","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","","Domestic video cassette recorders introduced"),
("2657","0","0","1975","0","0","1975","","Unemployment in Britain rises above 1M for first time since before WW2"),
("2656","27","12","1975","27","12","1975","","Equal Pay Act and Sex Discrimination Act come into force"),
("2655","29","11","1975","29","11","1975","","The name \'Micro-soft\' coined by Bill Gates (Microsoft\' became a Trademark the\nfollowing year)"),
("2654","3","11","1975","3","11","1975","","First North Sea oil comes ashore"),
("2653","29","10","1975","29","10","1975","","\'Yorkshire Ripper\' commits his first murder"),
("2652","5","6","1975","5","6","1975","","UK votes in a referendum to stay in the European Community"),
("2651","4","3","1975","4","3","1975","","Charlie Chaplin knighted"),
("2650","28","2","1975","28","2","1975","","Moorgate tube crash in London -  over 43 deaths, greatest loss of life on the\nUnderground in peacetime. The cause of the incident was never conclusively determined"),
("2649","11","2","1975","11","2","1975","","Margaret Thatcher becomes leader of Conservative party (in opposition)"),
("2648","0","0","1974","0","0","1974","","New counties formed in Britain after re-organisation of some county boundaries"),
("2647","21","11","1974","21","11","1974","","Birmingham pub bombings by the IRA"),
("2645","1","6","1974","1","6","1974","","Flixborough disaster: explosion at chemical plant kills 28 people"),
("2646","7","11","1974","7","11","1974","","Lord Lucan disappears"),
("2644","31","12","1973","31","12","1973","","Miners strike and oil crisis precipitate \'three-day week\' (till 9 Mar 1974) to\nconserve power"),
("2643","14","10","1973","14","10","1973","","Marriage of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips in Westminster Abbey"),
("2642","26","9","1973","26","9","1973","","Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic in record-breaking\ntime"),
("2641","1","4","1973","1","4","1973","","VAT introduced in Britain"),
("2640","17","3","1973","17","3","1973","","Modern London Bridge opened by the Queen"),
("2639","1","1","1973","1","1","1973","","Britain enters EEC Common Market (with Ireland and Denmark)"),
("2638","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","","Strict anti-hijack measures introduced internationally, especially at airports"),
("2637","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","","Britain imposes direct rule in Northern Ireland"),
("2636","28","5","1972","28","5","1972","","Duke of Windsor (ex-King Edward VIII) dies in Paris"),
("2635","30","1","1972","30","1","1972","","\'Bloody Sunday\' in Derry, Northern Ireland"),
("2634","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","","Rolls-Royce declared bankrupt"),
("2633","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","","\'Greenpeace\' founded"),
("2632","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","","Sunday becomes the seventh day in the week as UK adopts decision of the International\nStandardisation Organisation (ISO) to call Monday the first day"),
("2631","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","","Banking and Financial Dealings Act -  replaced the Bank Holidays Act of 1871"),
("2630","28","10","1971","28","10","1971","","UK launches its first (and only) satellite, Prospero"),
("2629","28","10","1971","28","10","1971","","Parliament votes to join Common Market (joined 1973)"),
("2628","9","8","1971","9","8","1971","","Internment without trial introduced in N Ireland"),
("2627","15","2","1971","15","2","1971","","Decimalisation of coinage in UK and Republic of Ireland"),
("2626","3","1","1971","3","1","1971","","Open University starts"),
("2625","0","0","1970","0","0","1970","","Boeing 747 (Jumbo jet) goes into service"),
("2624","20","11","1970","20","11","1970","","Ten shilling note (50p after decimalisation) goes out of circulation in Britain"),
("2623","19","9","1970","19","9","1970","","First Glastonbury Festival held"),
("2622","30","7","1970","30","7","1970","","Damages awarded to Thalidomide victims"),
("2621","19","6","1970","19","6","1970","","Edward Heath becomes Prime Minister"),
("2620","17","6","1970","17","6","1970","","Decimal postage stamps first issued for sale in Britain"),
("2619","14","10","1969","14","10","1969","","50p coin introduced in Britain (reduced in size 1998)"),
("2618","7","9","1969","7","9","1969","","First episode of \'Monty Python\'s Flying Circus\' recorded"),
("2617","14","8","1969","14","8","1969","","Civil disturbances in Ulster -  Britain sends troops to support civil authorities"),
("2616","31","7","1969","31","7","1969","","Halfpenny ceases to be legal tender in Britain"),
("2615","2","5","1969","2","5","1969","","Maiden voyage of liner Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2)"),
("2614","17","4","1969","17","4","1969","","Voting age lowered from 21 to 18"),
("2613","7","3","1969","7","3","1969","","Victoria Line tube opens in London"),
("2612","2","3","1969","2","3","1969","","Maiden flight of \'Concorde\', at Toulouse"),
("2611","5","10","1968","5","10","1968","","Beginning of disturbances in N Ireland"),
("2610","16","9","1968","16","9","1968","","Two-tier postal rate starts in Britain"),
("2609","11","8","1968","11","8","1968","","Last steam passenger train service ran in Britain (Carlisle- Liverpool)"),
("2608","29","5","1968","29","5","1968","","Manchester United first English club to win the European Cup"),
("2607","23","4","1968","23","4","1968","","Issue of 5p and 10p decimal coins in Britain"),
("2606","20","4","1968","20","4","1968","","Enoch Powell \'Rivers of Blood\' speech on immigration"),
("2605","18","4","1968","18","4","1968","","London Bridge sold (and eventually moved to Arizona) -  modern London Bridge, built around it as it was demolished, was opened in Mar 1973"),
("2603","5","10","1967","5","10","1967","","Introduction of majority verdicts in English courts"),
("2604","18","2","1968","18","2","1968","","British Standard Time introduced -  Summer Time became permanent but arguments prevailed and Britain reverted to GMT in October 1971"),
("2602","30","9","1967","30","9","1967","","BBC Radios 1 2 3 & 4 open first record played on Radio 1 was the controversial \'Flowers in the Rain\' by \'The Move\'"),
("2601","27","9","1967","27","9","1967","","\'Queen Mary\' arrives Southampton at end of her last transatlantic voyage"),
("2600","20","9","1967","20","9","1967","","\'QE2\' launched on Clydebank"),
("2598","1","7","1967","1","7","1967","","First colour TV in Britain"),
("2599","14","8","1967","14","8","1967","","Offshore pirate radio stations declared illegal by the UK"),
("2597","27","6","1967","27","6","1967","","First withdrawal from a cash dispenser (ATM) in Britain -  at Enfield branch of Barclays"),
("2596","28","5","1967","28","5","1967","","Francis Chichester arrives in Plymouth after solo circumnavigation in Gipsy Moth IV (he was knighted 7th July at Greenwich by the queen using the sword with which Elizabeth I had knighted Sir Francis Drake four centuries earlier"),
("2595","18","3","1967","18","3","1967","","\'Torrey Canyon\' oil tanker runs aground off Lands End  first major oil spill"),
("2594","4","1","1967","4","1","1967","","Donald Campbell dies attempting to break his world water speed record on\nConniston Water -  his body and Bluebird recovered in 2002"),
("2593","1","12","1966","1","12","1966","","First Christmas stamps issued in Britain"),
("2592","21","10","1966","21","10","1966","","Aberfan disaster -  slag heap slip kills 144, incl. 116 children"),
("2591","8","9","1966","8","9","1966","","First Severn road bridge opens"),
("2590","30","7","1966","30","7","1966","","World Cup won by England at Wembley (4-2 in extra time v West Germany)"),
("2589","3","5","1966","3","5","1966","","\'The Times\' begins to print news on its front page in place of classified\nAdvertisements"),
("2588","14","2","1966","14","2","1966","","Australia converts from ? to $"),
("2587","0","0","1965","0","0","1965","","Britain enacts first Race Relations Act"),
("2586","22","12","1965","22","12","1965","","70mph speed limit introduced on British roads"),
("2584","8","10","1965","8","10","1965","","Post Office Tower operational in London"),
("2585","28","10","1965","28","10","1965","","Death penalty for murder suspended in Britain for five-year trial period, then\nabolished 18 Dec 1969"),
("2583","1","8","1965","1","8","1965","","TV cigarette advertising banned in Britain"),
("2582","7","4","1965","7","4","1965","","Winston Churchill dies"),
("2579","22","8","1964","22","8","1964","","\'Match of the Day\' starts on BBC2"),
("2580","4","9","1964","4","9","1964","","Forth road bridge opens"),
("2581","7","2","1965","7","2","1965","","First US raids against North Vietnam"),
("2578","21","4","1964","21","4","1964","","BBC2 TV launched"),
("2576","1","1","1964","1","1","1964","","First \'Top of the Pops\' on BBC TV"),
("2577","9","4","1964","9","4","1964","","First Greater London Council (GLC) election"),
("2575","0","1","1963","0","1","1963","","Cold weather forces cancellation of most football matches (only 4 English First Division matches in the month) -  the first \'pools panel\' created"),
("2574","0","0","1963","0","0","1963","","France vetoes Britain\'s entry into EEC"),
("2573","23","11","1963","23","11","1963","","First episode of \'Dr Who\' on BBC TV"),
("2572","18","11","1963","18","11","1963","","Dartford Tunnel opens"),
("2571","17","9","1963","17","9","1963","","Fylingdales (Yorks) early warning system operational"),
("2570","8","8","1963","8","8","1963","","\'Great Train Robbery\' on Glasgow to London mail train"),
("2569","1","8","1963","1","8","1963","","Minimum prison age raised to 17"),
("2568","27","3","1963","27","3","1963","","Beeching Report on British Railways (the \'Beeching Axe\')"),
("2567","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","","Britain and France agree to construct \'Concorde\'"),
("2566","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","","Thalidomide withdrawn after it causes deformities in babies"),
("2565","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","","Britain passes Commonwealth Immigrants Act to control immigration"),
("2564","24","10","1962","24","10","1962","","Cuba missile crisis -  brink of nuclear war"),
("2562","10","7","1962","10","7","1962","","First TV transmission between US and Europe (Telstar) -  first live broadcast on 23 Jul"),
("2563","0","7","1962","0","7","1962","","First passenger-carrying hovercraft enters service, along the North Wales Coast from Moreton to Rhyl"),
("2561","15","6","1962","15","6","1962","","First nuclear generated electricity to supplied National Grid (from Berkeley Glos)"),
("2560","25","5","1962","25","5","1962","","Consecration of new Coventry Cathedral (old destroyed in WW2 blitz)"),
("2559","1","5","1961","1","5","1961","","Betting shops legal in Britain"),
("2558","14","3","1961","14","3","1961","","New English Bible (New Testament) published"),
("2557","13","3","1961","13","3","1961","","Black & White ?5 notes cease to be legal tender"),
("2556","1","1","1961","1","1","1961","","Farthing ceases to be legal tender in UK"),
("2555","1","10","1960","1","10","1960","","HMS \'Dreadnought\' nuclear submarine launched"),
("2553","12","9","1960","12","9","1960","","MoT tests on motor vehicles introduced"),
("2554","2","11","1960","2","11","1960","","Penguin Books found not guilty of obscenity in the \'Lady Chatterley\'s Lover\' case"),
("2552","12","8","1960","12","8","1960","","Echo I, the first (passive) communications satellite, launched"),
("2551","21","7","1960","21","7","1960","","Francis Chichester arrives in New York aboard Gypsy Moth II (took 40 days),\nwinning the first single-handed transatlantic yacht race which he co-founded"),
("2550","18","3","1960","18","3","1960","","Last steam locomotive of British Railways named"),
("2549","17","3","1960","17","3","1960","","New ?1 notes issued by Bank of England"),
("2548","17","2","1959","17","2","1959","","Vanguard 2 satellite launched -  first to measure cloud-cover distribution"),
("2547","3","2","1959","3","2","1959","","\'The Day The Music Died\' -  plane crash kills Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and\nThe Big Bopper"),
("2544","0","8","1959","0","8","1959","","BMC Mini car launched"),
("2545","3","10","1959","3","10","1959","","Postcodes introduced in Britain"),
("2546","1","11","1959","1","11","1959","","First section of M1 motorway opened"),
("2543","24","5","1959","24","5","1959","","Empire Day becomes Commonwealth Day"),
("2542","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","","USA begins to produce Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)"),
("2541","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","","Computers begin to be used in research, industry and commerce"),
("2540","5","12","1958","5","12","1958","","Preston by-pass opens -  UK\'s first stretch of motorway"),
("2538","26","7","1958","26","7","1958","","Prince Charles\' Investiture as \'Prince of Wales\'"),
("2539","5","12","1958","5","12","1958","","Inauguration of Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) in Britain (completed in 1979)"),
("2537","13","5","1958","13","5","1958","","Velcro trade mark registered"),
("2535","0","0","1957","0","0","1957","","Helvetica typeface developed (in Switzerland)"),
("2536","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","","Easter: First anti-nuclear protest march to Aldermaston (emergence of CND)"),
("2534","0","0","1957","0","0","1957","","Britain introduces parking meters"),
("2533","25","12","1957","25","12","1957","","Queen\'s first Christmas TV broadcast"),
("2531","15","5","1957","15","5","1957","","Britain explodes her first hydrogen bomb, at Christmas Island"),
("2532","4","12","1957","4","12","1957","","Lewisham rail disaster -  90 killed as two trains collide in thick fog and a viaduct\ncollapses on top of them"),
("2530","14","5","1957","14","5","1957","","Post-Suez petrol rationing ends"),
("2528","11","1","1957","11","1","1957","","Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister"),
("2529","25","5","1957","25","5","1957","","Treaty of Rome to create European Economic Community (EEC) of six\ncountries: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg -  became\noperational Jan 1958"),
("2527","0","0","1956","0","0","1956","","Britain constructs world\'s first large-scale nuclear power station in Cumberland"),
("2526","31","10","1956","31","10","1956","","Britain and France invade Suez"),
("2524","17","4","1956","17","4","1956","","Premium Bonds first launched -  first prizes drawn on 1 Jun 1957"),
("2525","3","6","1956","3","6","1956","","3rd class travel abolished on British Railways (renamed \'Third Class\' as \'Second\nClass\', which had been abolished in 1875 leaving just First and Third Class)"),
("2522","0","0","1955","0","0","1955","","\'Mole\' self-grip wrench patented by Thomas Coughtrie of Mole & Sons"),
("2523","1","3","1956","1","3","1956","","Radiotelephony spelling alphabet introduced (Alpha, Bravo, etc)"),
("2520","27","7","1955","27","7","1955","","Jul 27: Allied occupation of Austria (after WW2) ends"),
("2521","22","9","1955","22","9","1955","","Commercial TV starts in Britain"),
("2519","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","","First transistor radios sold"),
("2518","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","","Routemaster bus starts operating in London"),
("2517","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","","First comprehensive school opens in London"),
("2516","30","9","1954","30","9","1954","","First atomic powered sumbmarine USS Nautilus commissioned"),
("2515","5","7","1954","5","7","1954","","BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin"),
("2514","3","7","1954","3","7","1954","","Food rationing officially ends in Britain"),
("2513","6","5","1954","6","5","1954","","First sub 4 minute mile (Roger Bannister, 3 mins 59.4 secs)"),
("2512","26","9","1953","26","9","1953","","Sugar rationing ends in Britain (after nearly 14 years)"),
("2511","2","6","1953","2","6","1953","","Coronation of Elizabeth II"),
("2510","25","4","1953","25","4","1953","","Francis Crick and James D Watson publish the double helix structure of DNA"),
("2509","24","4","1953","24","4","1953","","Winston Churchill knighted"),
("2508","26","3","1953","26","3","1953","","Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine"),
("2507","5","3","1953","5","3","1953","","Death of Stalin"),
("2506","5","2","1953","5","2","1953","","Sweet rationing ends in Britain"),
("2505","31","1","1953","31","1","1953","","Said to be the biggest civil catastrophe in Britain in the 20th century - \nsevere storm and high tides caused the loss of hundreds of lives - - effects travelled from the\nwest coast of Scotland round to the south-east coast of England [The Netherlands wer"),
("2504","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","","Bonn Convention: Britain, France and USA end their occupation of West Germany"),
("2503","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","","Radioactive carbon used for dating prehistoric objects"),
("2500","4","12","1952","4","12","1952","","Great smog hits London"),
("2501","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","","Contraceptive pill invented"),
("2502","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","","Britain explodes her first atomic bomb, in Australia"),
("2499","25","11","1952","25","11","1952","","Agatha Christie\'s \'The Mousetrap\' opens in London"),
("2498","1","11","1952","1","11","1952","","The first H-bomb ever (\'Mike\') was exploded by the USA -  the mushroom cloud\nwas 8 miles across and 27 miles high. The canopy was 100 miles wide. Radioactive mud fell\nout of the sky followed by heavy rain. 80 million tons of earth was vaporised."),
("2497","3","10","1952","3","10","1952","","End of tea rationing in Britain"),
("2495","16","8","1952","16","8","1952","","Lynmouth (North Devon) flood disaster"),
("2496","6","9","1952","6","9","1952","","DH110 crashes at Farnborough Air Show, 26 killed"),
("2494","5","7","1952","5","7","1952","","Last tram runs in London (Woolwich to New Cross)"),
("2493","2","5","1952","2","5","1952","","First commercial jet airliner service launched, by BOACComet between London\nand Johannesburg"),
("2492","21","2","1952","21","2","1952","","Identity Cards abolished in Britain"),
("2491","6","2","1952","6","2","1952","","King George VI dies"),
("2489","28","5","1951","28","5","1951","","First Goon Show broadcast"),
("2490","20","12","1951","20","12","1951","","Electricity first produced by nuclear power, from Experimental Breeder Reactor"),
("2488","3","5","1951","3","5","1951","","Festival of Britain and Royal Festival Hall open on South Bank, London"),
("2487","28","12","1950","28","12","1950","","The Peak District becomes the Britain\'s first National Park"),
("2486","9","9","1950","9","9","1950","","Soap rationing ends in Britain"),
("2485","11","7","1950","11","7","1950","","\'Andy Pandy\' first seen on BBC TV"),
("2483","19","5","1950","19","5","1950","","Points rationing ends in Britain"),
("2484","26","5","1950","26","5","1950","","Petrol rationing ends in Britain"),
("2482","0","0","1949","0","0","1949","","De Haviland produces the Comet -  first jet airliner"),
("2481","0","0","1949","0","0","1949","","Maiden flight of the Bristol Brabazon (broken up in 1953 for scrap)"),
("2480","4","4","1949","4","4","1949","","Twelve nations sign The North Atlantic Treaty creating NATO"),
("2479","15","3","1949","15","3","1949","","Clothes rationing ends in Britain"),
("2477","0","0","1948","0","0","1948","","Transistor radio invented"),
("2478","0","0","1948","0","0","1948","","Long-playing record (LP) invented by Goldmark"),
("2476","0","0","1948","0","0","1948","","British Citizenship Act : all Commonwealth citizens qualify for British passports"),
("2475","29","7","1948","29","7","1948","","London Olympics begin"),
("2474","5","7","1948","5","7","1948","","National Health Service (NHS) begins in Britain"),
("2473","1","1","1948","1","1","1948","","British Railways nationalised"),
("2472","20","11","1947","20","11","1947","","Marriage of Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) and Philip Mountbatten in\nWestminster Abbey"),
("2471","26","10","1947","26","10","1947","","British military occupation ends in Iraq"),
("2470","0","0","1947","0","0","1947","","First British nuclear reactor developed"),
("2469","1","4","1947","1","4","1947","","School leaving age raised to 15 in Britain"),
("2468","1","3","1947","1","3","1947","","International Monetary Fund begins financial operations"),
("2467","23","2","1947","23","2","1947","","International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded"),
("2466","1","1","1947","1","1","1947","","Coal Mines nationalised"),
("2465","0","0","1947","0","0","1947","","Most severe winter in Britain for 53 years at start of the year -  heavy snow and much\nflooding later"),
("2464","0","0","1946","0","0","1946","","Alistair Cooke starts his regular \'Letter from America\' on BBC radio -  until 2004"),
("2463","0","0","1946","0","0","1946","","Transition to National Health Service starts in Britain (came into being 5th July 1948)"),
("2462","1","3","1946","1","3","1946","","Bank of England nationalised"),
("2461","1","1","1946","1","1","1946","","First civillian flight from Heathrow Airport"),
("2460","4","11","1945","4","11","1945","","UNESCO founded"),
("2459","24","10","1945","24","10","1945","","United Nations Organisation comes into existence"),
("2458","2","9","1945","2","9","1945","","Japanese surrender signed aboard USS Missouri"),
("2457","15","8","1945","15","8","1945","","VJ Day (Victory in Japan)"),
("2456","9","8","1945","9","8","1945","","Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki"),
("2454","29","7","1945","29","7","1945","","BBC Light Programme starts"),
("2455","6","8","1945","6","8","1945","","Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima"),
("2453","26","7","1945","26","7","1945","","Labour win UK General Election -  Churchill out of office"),
("2451","26","6","1945","26","6","1945","","UN Charter signed in San Francisco"),
("2452","16","7","1945","16","7","1945","","First ever atomic bomb exploded in a test in New Mexico (although there were\nother forms of atomic device before that, such as the Pile at Stagg Field, first critical on\n2nd Dec 1942)"),
("2450","9","5","1945","9","5","1945","","Channel Islands liberated"),
("2449","8","5","1945","8","5","1945","","VE Day (Victory in Europe)"),
("2448","30","4","1945","30","4","1945","","Hitler commits suicide"),
("2447","25","4","1945","25","4","1945","","Berlin surrounded by Russian troops"),
("2445","29","3","1945","29","3","1945","","Last V1 flying bomb attack"),
("2446","4","2","1945","4","2","1945","","Yalta Conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin"),
("2444","16","12","1944","16","12","1944","","Battle of the Bulge: German counter-offensive"),
("2442","8","9","1944","8","9","1944","","First V2 rocket bombs hit London"),
("2443","11","9","1944","11","9","1944","","Allies enter Germany"),
("2441","12","6","1944","12","6","1944","","First V1 flying bombs hit London"),
("2440","6","6","1944","6","6","1944","","D-Day invasion of Normandy"),
("2439","4","6","1944","4","6","1944","","Allies enter Rome"),
("2438","6","4","1944","6","4","1944","","PAYE income tax begins"),
("2437","0","0","1943","0","0","1943","","Round-the-clock bombing of Germany begins"),
("2436","24","7","1943","24","7","1943","","Allies invade Italy -  Benito Mussolini resigns as Italian Dictator, 24 July"),
("2434","0","0","1942","0","0","1942","","Gilbert Murray founds Oxfam"),
("2435","16","5","1943","16","5","1943","","\'Dam Buster\' raids on Ruhr dams by RAF"),
("2433","0","0","1942","0","0","1942","","Invention of world\'s first programmable computer by Alan Turing in co-operation with\nMax Neumann -  used to crack German codes"),
("2432","2","12","1942","2","12","1942","","\'Manhattan Project\' -  a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining\nnuclear chain reaction"),
("2431","23","10","1942","23","10","1942","","Battle of El Alamein -  Montgomery defeats Rommel"),
("2430","3","10","1942","3","10","1942","","First successful launch of V2 rocket in Germany -  first man-made object to reach\nspace"),
("2429","6","9","1942","6","9","1942","","Germans defeated at Stalingrad"),
("2428","19","8","1942","19","8","1942","","Abortive raid on Dieppe, largely by Canadian troops"),
("2427","4","6","1942","4","6","1942","","Battle of Midway"),
("2426","30","5","1942","30","5","1942","","Over 1,000 allied bombers raid Cologne"),
("2425","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","","First use of antibiotics"),
("2424","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","","Bailey invents his portable military bridge"),
("2423","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","","First British jet aircraft flies, based on work of Whittle"),
("2422","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","","Britain introduces severe rationing"),
("2421","0","12","1941","0","12","1941","","\'Manhattan Project\' of nuclear research begins in America"),
("2420","24","12","1941","24","12","1941","","Hong Kong falls to the Japanese"),
("2419","0","12","1941","0","12","1941","","Canadian forces given operation role in defending south coast of England"),
("2418","8","12","1941","8","12","1941","","USA enters WWII"),
("2417","7","12","1941","7","12","1941","","Japan attackes US fleet at Pearl Harbour"),
("2416","1","7","1941","1","7","1941","","First Canadian armoured regiments arrive in Britain"),
("2415","22","6","1941","22","6","1941","","Germany invades Russia (Operation Barbarossa)"),
("2414","27","5","1941","27","5","1941","","\'Bismark\' sunk"),
("2412","14","11","1940","14","11","1940","","Coventry heavily bombed and the Cathedral almost completely destroyed"),
("2413","10","5","1941","10","5","1941","","Rudolf Hess flies to Scotland"),
("2411","15","9","1940","15","9","1940","","Battle of Britain: massive waves of German air attacks decisively repulsed by the\nRAF -  Hitler postpones invasion of Britain"),
("2410","7","9","1940","7","9","1940","","Germany launches bombing blitz on Britain, the first of 57 consecutive nights of\nbombing"),
("2409","25","6","1940","25","6","1940","","Fall of France to Germany"),
("2408","27","5","1940","27","5","1940","","Start of the evacuation of the British Army at Dunkirk (27 May - 4 Jun)"),
("2407","13","5","1940","13","5","1940","","Germany invades France"),
("2406","11","5","1940","11","5","1940","","National Government formed under Churchill"),
("2405","1","4","1940","1","4","1940","","BOAC starts operations, replacing Imperial and British Airways Ltd"),
("2404","0","0","1939","0","0","1939","","Coldest winter in Britain since 1894, though this could not be publicised at the time"),
("2403","0","0","1939","0","0","1939","","Start of evacuation of women and children from London"),
("2402","17","12","1939","17","12","1939","","\'Admiral Graf Spee\' scuttled outside Montevideo"),
("2401","7","12","1939","7","12","1939","","\'First flight\' of Canadian troops sail for Britain -  7,400 men on 5 ships"),
("2400","14","10","1939","14","10","1939","","HMS Royal Oak sunk in Scapa Flow with loss of 810 lives"),
("2399","11","9","1939","11","9","1939","","British Expeditionary Force (BEF) sent to France"),
("2398","6","9","1939","6","9","1939","","First air-raid on Britain"),
("2396","1","9","1939","1","9","1939","","Germany invades Poland"),
("2397","3","9","1939","3","9","1939","","Britain and France declare war on Germany"),
("2395","0","0","1939","0","0","1939","","Germany annexes Czechoslovakia"),
("2394","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","","First practical ball-point pen produced by Hungarian journalist, Lajos Biro"),
("2393","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","","HMS Rodney first ship to be equipped with radar"),
("2392","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","","Principle of paid holidays established in Britain"),
("2391","30","10","1938","30","10","1938","","Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of HG Wells \'The War of the Worlds\', causing panic in the USA"),
("2390","29","9","1938","29","9","1938","","Chamberlain visits Hitler in Munich -  promises \'peace in our time\'"),
("2389","27","9","1938","27","9","1938","","Largest ocean liner ever built, Queen Elizabeth launched on Clydebank"),
("2388","3","7","1938","3","7","1938","","\'Mallard\' reaches 126 mph (203 km/h); still world record for a steam locomotive"),
("2387","12","3","1938","12","3","1938","","Germany invades and annexes Austria"),
("2386","0","0","1937","0","0","1937","","Billy Butlin opens his first holiday camp"),
("2385","0","0","1937","0","0","1937","","\'999\' emergency telephone call facility starts in London"),
("2384","4","12","1937","4","12","1937","","\'The Dandy\' first published"),
("2382","12","5","1937","12","5","1937","","Coronation of King George VI"),
("2383","3","6","1937","3","6","1937","","Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson"),
("2381","12","4","1937","12","4","1937","","Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft"),
("2380","28","5","1937","28","5","1937","","Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister -  policy of appeasement towards\nHitler"),
("2379","5","12","1936","5","12","1936","","Edward VIII abdicates (announced Dec 10) -  popular carol that Christmas:\n\'Hark the Herald Angels sing  Mrs Simpson\'s got our King\'"),
("2378","30","11","1936","30","11","1936","","Crystal Palace destroyed by fire"),
("2377","2","11","1936","2","11","1936","","British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, world\'s\nfirst public TV transmission"),
("2375","0","0","1936","0","0","1936","","Jet engine first tested"),
("2376","24","7","1936","24","7","1936","","\'Speaking clock\' service starts in UK"),
("2372","0","0","1935","0","0","1935","","Land speed record of 301.13 mph by Malcolm Campbell"),
("2373","20","1","1936","20","1","1936","","George V dies"),
("2374","5","5","1936","5","5","1936","","First flight of a Spitfire"),
("2371","30","7","1935","30","7","1935","","Penguin paperbacks launched"),
("2370","1","6","1935","1","6","1935","","Voluntary driving tests introduced in UK"),
("2369","0","0","1935","0","0","1935","","London adopts a \'Green Belt\' scheme"),
("2368","12","3","1935","12","3","1935","","Hore-Belisha introduces pedestrian crossings and speed limits for built-up areas\nin Britain"),
("2366","30","11","1934","30","11","1934","","First time a steam locomotive travels at 100 mph (\'Flying Scotsman\')"),
("2367","28","2","1935","28","2","1935","","Nylon first produced by Gerard J. Berchet of Wallace Carothers\' research group\nat DuPont (there is no evidence to the widely-supposed story that the name derives from\nNew York-London)"),
("2365","26","9","1934","26","9","1934","","RMS Queen Mary launched"),
("2361","0","0","1933","0","0","1933","","ICI scientists discover polythene"),
("2362","0","0","1933","0","0","1933","","Only 6 pennies minted in Britain this year"),
("2363","0","0","1934","0","0","1934","","Hitler becomes Fuehrer of Germany"),
("2364","18","7","1934","18","7","1934","","King George V opens Mersey Tunnel"),
("2360","12","11","1933","12","11","1933","","First known photos of the \'Loch Ness Monster\' taken"),
("2359","30","1","1930","30","1","1930","","Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany"),
("2358","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","","Sir Thomas Beecham established the London Philharmonic Orchestra"),
("2356","3","10","1932","3","10","1932","","Iraq gains independence from Britain"),
("2357","3","10","1932","3","10","1932","","\'The Times\' introduces \'Times New Roman\' typeface"),
("2355","21","5","1932","21","5","1932","","Amelia Earhart first solo nonstop flight across Atlantic by a female pilot"),
("2354","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","","Cockroft and Walton accelerate particles to disintegrate an atomic nucleus"),
("2353","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","","Moseley founds British Union of Fascists"),
("2352","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","","Great Hunger March of unemployed to London"),
("2351","0","0","1931","0","0","1931","","Collapse of the German banking system; 3,000 banks there close"),
("2349","0","0","1931","0","0","1931","","Statute of Westminster: British Dominions become independent sovereign states"),
("2350","21","10","1931","21","10","1931","","National Government formed to deal with economic crisis -  Britain comes off\ngold standard"),
("2348","26","4","1931","26","4","1931","","Census: Population - England and Wales; 40 Million; Scotland: 4.8 Million; N Ireland: 1.24 Million (Unfortunately, the census was destroyed by fire in WW2)"),
("2346","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","","Youth Hostel Association (YHA) founded in Britain"),
("2347","14","4","1931","14","4","1931","","Highway Code first issued"),
("2345","5","10","1930","5","10","1930","","R101 airship disaster -  British abandons airship construction"),
("2344","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","","First Nazis elected to the German Reichstag"),
("2342","31","1","1930","31","1","1930","","3M begins marketing Scotch Tape"),
("2343","6","3","1930","6","3","1930","","Clarence Birdseye first marketed frozen peas"),
("2341","0","0","1929","0","0","1929","","BBC begins experimental TV transmissions"),
("2340","0","0","1929","0","0","1929","","Minimum age for a marriage in Britain (which had been 14 for a boy and 12 for a girl)\nnow 16 for both sexes, with parental consent (or a licence) needed for anyone under 21"),
("2339","0","0","1929","0","0","1929","","Abolition of Poor Law system in Britain"),
("2337","26","4","1928","26","4","1928","","Madame Tussauds opens in London"),
("2338","15","9","1928","15","9","1928","","Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers penicillin (results published 1929)"),
("2336","0","0","1928","0","0","1928","","Women over 21 get vote in Britain -  same qualification for both sexes"),
("2334","24","7","1927","24","7","1927","","The Menin Gate war memorial unveiled at Ypres"),
("2335","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","","Release of the first \'talkie\' film (The Jazz Singer)"),
("2333","31","5","1927","31","5","1927","","Last Ford Model T rolls off assembly line"),
("2332","20","5","1927","20","5","1927","","Lindbergh makes solo flight across the Atlantic, in 33? hours"),
("2331","1","5","1927","1","5","1927","","First cooked meals on a scheduled flight introduced by Imperial Airways from\nLondon to Paris"),
("2330","22","1","1927","22","1","1927","","First football broadcast by BBC (Arsenal v Sheffield United at Highbury)"),
("2328","31","10","1926","31","10","1926","","Death of Harry Houdini"),
("2329","7","1","1927","7","1","1927","","First transatlantic telephone call -  New York City to London"),
("2327","0","0","1926","0","0","1926","","Walt Disney arrives in Hollywood"),
("2326","0","0","1926","0","0","1926","","Kodak produces 16mm movie film"),
("2325","0","0","1926","0","0","1926","","Adoption of children is legalised in Britain"),
("2324","0","0","1926","0","0","1926","","First public demonstration of television (TV) by John Logie Baird"),
("2323","3","5","1926","3","5","1926","","General Strike begins. Lasts until May 12 (mine workers for 6 months more)"),
("2322","21","4","1926","21","4","1926","","Princess Elizabeth born"),
("2320","18","7","1925","18","7","1925","","Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf"),
("2321","0","0","1925","0","0","1925","","Britain returns to gold standard"),
("2319","31","3","1924","31","3","1924","","British Imperial Airways begins operations (formed by merger of four British\nairline companies -  became BOAC in 1940)"),
("2318","5","2","1924","5","2","1924","","Hourly Greenwich Time Signals from the Royal Greenwich Observatory were\nfirst broadcast by the BBC"),
("2316","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","","First American broadcasts heard in Britain"),
("2317","4","1","1924","4","1","1924","","First Labour government in Britain, headed by Ramsay MacDonald"),
("2315","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","","Hubble shows there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way"),
("2313","28","9","1923","28","9","1923","","First publication of Radio Times"),
("2314","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","","Roads in Great Britain classified with A and B numbers"),
("2312","28","4","1923","28","4","1923","","First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) -  \'I\'m Forever Blowing Bubbles \' popular song of the time  became the West Ham anthem"),
("2311","16","2","1923","16","2","1923","","Howard Carter unsealed the burial chamber of Tutankhamun"),
("2310","1","1","1923","1","1","1923","","The majority of the railway companies in Great Britain grouped into four main\ncompanies, the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR -  lasted until nationalisation in 1948"),
("2309","0","10","1922","0","10","1922","","BBC established as a monopoly, and begins transmissions in November (2LO in\nLondon on 14 Nov; 5IT in Birmingham and 2ZY in Manchester on 15 Nov)"),
("2307","0","0","1922","0","0","1922","","Law of Property Act -  the manorial system effectively ended"),
("2308","1","6","1922","1","6","1922","","Royal Ulster Constabulary founded"),
("2306","0","0","1921","0","0","1921","","First birth control clinic"),
("2305","0","0","1921","0","0","1921","","Insulin discovery announced"),
("2304","0","0","1921","0","0","1921","","Railway Act in Britain amalgamates companies -  only four remained"),
("2303","6","12","1921","6","12","1921","","Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London, leading to the formation of the Irish Free\nState and Northern Ireland"),
("2302","19","6","1921","19","6","1921","","Census: Population - England and Wales: 37.9 Million; Scotland: 4.9 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million"),
("2301","0","0","1920","0","0","1920","","Thompson patents his machine gun (Tommy gun)"),
("2300","0","0","1920","0","0","1920","","Marconi opens a radio broadcasting station in Britain"),
("2299","0","0","1920","0","0","1920","","Regular cross-channel air service starts"),
("2298","0","2","1920","0","2","1920","","First roadside petrol filling station in UK -  opened by the Automobile Association\nat Aldermaston on the Bath Road"),
("2296","28","6","1919","28","6","1919","","Treaty of Versailles signed"),
("2297","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","","Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom"),
("2294","18","1","1918","18","1","1918","","Bentley Motors founded"),
("2295","15","6","1919","15","6","1919","","Alcock and Brown complete first nonstop flight across the Atlantic"),
("2293","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","","Britain adopts a 48-hour working week"),
("2291","0","12","1918","0","12","1918","","First woman elected to House of Commons, Countess Markiewicz as a Sinn Fein\nmember refused to take her seat"),
("2292","0","0","1918","0","0","1918","","War of Independence in Ireland"),
("2290","0","0","1918","0","0","1918","","Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons)"),
("2289","11","11","1918","11","11","1918","","Armistice signed"),
("2288","1","10","1918","1","10","1918","","Arab forces under Lawrence of Arabia capture Damascus"),
("2287","0","7","1918","0","7","1918","","Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive in WW1 (Jul-Aug)"),
("2286","8","3","1918","8","3","1918","","Start of world-wide \'flu pandemic"),
("2285","0","0","1917","0","0","1917","","Ministry of Labour is established in Britain"),
("2284","9","12","1917","9","12","1917","","British forces capture Jerusalem"),
("2283","6","12","1917","6","12","1917","","Halifax (Nova Scotia) Explosion, one of the world\'s largest artificial non-nuclear\nexplosions to date: a ship loaded with wartime explosives blew up after a collision,\nobliterating buildings and structures within two square kilometres of the explosion"),
("2282","7","11","1917","7","11","1917","","\'October\' Revolution in Russia -  Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government;\nLenin becomes Chief Commissar"),
("2281","0","7","1917","0","7","1917","","Battle of Passchendaele -  little gained by either side (Jul-Nov)"),
("2280","26","5","1917","26","5","1917","","George V changes surname from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor (Royal\nproclamation on 17 July)"),
("2279","16","4","1917","16","4","1917","","Lenin returns to Russia after exile"),
("2278","0","0","1917","0","0","1917","","Battle of Cambrai -  first use of massed tanks, but effect more psychological than actual"),
("2277","17","4","1917","17","4","1917","","USA declares war on Germany"),
("2276","0","2","1917","0","2","1917","","February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates"),
("2275","0","0","1916","0","0","1916","","Compulsory military service introduced in Britain"),
("2273","3","8","1916","3","8","1916","","Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason"),
("2274","7","12","1916","7","12","1916","","Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government"),
("2271","5","6","1916","5","6","1916","","Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener"),
("2272","15","9","1916","15","9","1916","","First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties)"),
("2270","31","5","1916","31","5","1916","","Battle of Jutland -  only major naval battle between the British and\nGerman fleets"),
("2269","21","5","1916","21","5","1916","","First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK"),
("2268","24","4","1916","24","4","1916","","Easter Rising in Ireland -  after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs\nindependence"),
("2267","0","2","1916","0","2","1916","","Battle of Verdun -  appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues"),
("2265","0","0","1915","0","0","1915","","Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane"),
("2266","0","0","1915","0","0","1915","","First automatic telephone exchange in Britain"),
("2264","16","5","1915","16","5","1915","","First meeting of a British WI (Women\'s Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll\n(aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey"),
("2262","25","4","1915","25","4","1915","","Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916)"),
("2263","7","5","1915","7","5","1915","","RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland -  1,198 died"),
("2259","19","1","1915","19","1","1915","","First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia -  four killed"),
("2260","0","2","1915","0","2","1915","","Submarine blockade of Britain starts"),
("2261","0","4","1915","0","4","1915","","Second Battle of Ypres -  poison gas used for first time"),
("2258","0","0","1914","0","0","1914","","Chaplin and De Mille make their first films"),
("2257","0","0","1914","0","0","1914","","Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster\nto be decided after the War"),
("2256","16","12","1914","16","12","1914","","German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough"),
("2255","27","11","1914","27","11","1914","","First policewoman goes on duty in Britain"),
("2254","0","10","1914","0","10","1914","","Battle of Ypres -  beginning of trench warfare on western front"),
("2253","15","8","1914","15","8","1914","","Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat \'Ancon\' making the first official\ntransit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1)"),
("2251","28","6","1914","28","6","1914","","Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo"),
("2252","5","8","1914","5","8","1914","","British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany\'s undersea telegraph\nlinks to the outside world"),
("2250","4","8","1914","4","8","1914","","Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason"),
("2249","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","","Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity"),
("2248","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","","Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield"),
("2247","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","","Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political\npurposes"),
("2246","4","6","1913","4","6","1913","","Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king\'s horse, Anmer, at the\nEpsom Derby and dies"),
("2245","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","","Suffragette demonstrations in London -  Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned"),
("2244","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","","Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords -  threat of civil war in Ireland - \nformation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule"),
("2242","0","0","1912","0","0","1912","","Britain nationalises the telephone system"),
("2243","0","0","1912","0","0","1912","","Discovery of the \'Piltdown Man\' -  hoax, exposed in 1953"),
("2241","13","5","1912","13","5","1912","","Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain"),
("2240","14","4","1912","14","4","1912","","The \'unsinkable\' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage -  loss of 1,513 lives"),
("2238","0","0","1912","0","0","1912","","Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain"),
("2239","18","1","1912","18","1","1912","","Captain Scott\'s last expedition -  he and his team reach the south pole on Jan\n18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November"),
("2237","0","0","1911","0","0","1911","","Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912)"),
("2236","0","0","1911","0","0","1911","","Rutherford: theory of atomic structures"),
("2233","22","6","1911","22","6","1911","","Coronation of George V"),
("2234","14","12","1911","14","12","1911","","National Insurance introduced in Britain"),
("2235","0","0","1911","0","0","1911","","First British Official Secrets Act"),
("2232","2","4","1911","2","4","1911","","Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million"),
("2231","0","0","1911","0","0","1911","","British MPs receive a salary"),
("2228","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","","Halley\'s comet reappears"),
("2229","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","","Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe"),
("2230","0","0","1911","0","0","1911","","Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords"),
("2227","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","","Madame Curie isolates radium"),
("2226","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","","Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville"),
("2225","6","5","1910","6","5","1910","","Edward VII dies -  George V becomes King"),
("2224","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","","Constitutional crisis in Britain"),
("2223","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","","Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain"),
("2222","0","0","1909","0","0","1909","","First commercial manufacture of Bakelite -  start of the plastic age"),
("2221","0","0","1909","0","0","1909","","Peary reaches the north pole"),
("2220","0","0","1909","0","0","1909","","Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges"),
("2219","25","7","1909","25","7","1909","","Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)"),
("2218","15","3","1909","15","3","1909","","Selfridges department store opens in London"),
("2217","16","1","1909","16","1","1909","","Ernest Shackleton\'s expedition finds the magnetic South Pole"),
("2216","1","1","1909","1","1","1909","","Old Age Pensions Act came into force"),
("2215","12","8","1908","12","8","1908","","First \'Model T\' Ford made"),
("2213","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","","Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement"),
("2214","1","7","1908","1","7","1908","","SOS became effective as an international signal of distress"),
("2212","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","","Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain"),
("2211","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","","Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day"),
("2210","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","","Lumiere develops a process for colour photography"),
("2209","9","11","1907","9","11","1907","","The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday"),
("2208","1","8","1907","1","8","1907","","Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island"),
("2207","0","7","1907","0","7","1907","","Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its\nshape after being heated"),
("2206","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","","First airship flies over London"),
("2202","26","5","1906","26","5","1906","","Vauxhall Bridge opened in London"),
("2203","20","9","1906","20","9","1906","","Launching of Cunard\'s RMS Mauretania on the Tyne"),
("2204","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","","New Zealand becomes a Dominion"),
("2205","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","","Imperial College, London, is established"),
("2201","15","3","1906","15","3","1906","","Rolls-Royce Ltd registered"),
("2200","10","2","1906","10","2","1906","","Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship"),
("2199","0","0","1906","0","0","1906","","Introduction of free school meals for poor children"),
("2198","11","4","1905","11","4","1905","","Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity"),
("2197","0","0","1905","0","0","1905","","Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship"),
("2196","0","0","1905","0","0","1905","","Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration"),
("2195","0","0","1905","0","0","1905","","The title \'Prime Minister\' noted in a royal warrant for the first time -  placed the Prime\nMinister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York"),
("2194","4","5","1904","4","5","1904","","America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French\n(completed 1914)"),
("2192","0","0","1904","0","0","1904","","Leeds University established"),
("2193","8","4","1904","8","4","1904","","France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale"),
("2189","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","","Women\'s Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst"),
("2190","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","","Henry Ford sets up his motor company"),
("2191","14","12","1903","14","12","1903","","First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright"),
("2187","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","","Marie Curie discovers radioactivity"),
("2188","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","","Workers\' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain"),
("2186","9","8","1902","9","8","1902","","Coronation of Edward VII"),
("2185","31","5","1902","31","5","1902","","Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War"),
("2184","24","5","1902","24","5","1902","","Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated"),
("2183","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","","Cremation Act -  cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments,\nand with two death certificates issued"),
("2182","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","","Balfour\'s Education Act provides for secondary education"),
("2181","0","0","1901","0","0","1901","","Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner"),
("2180","12","12","1901","12","12","1901","","First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi -  Morse\ncode from Cornwall to Newfoundland"),
("2179","2","10","1901","2","10","1901","","Britain\'s first submarine launched"),
("2178","0","6","1901","0","6","1901","","Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War"),
("2177","2","2","1901","2","2","1901","","Queen Victoria\'s funeral -  interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore\nMausoleum at Windsor Great Park"),
("2176","22","1","1901","22","1","1901","","Queen Victoria dies -  Edward VII king"),
("2174","27","2","1900","27","2","1900","","Labour Party formed"),
("2175","0","0","1901","0","0","1901","","Commonwealth of Australia founded"),
("2171","0","0","1900","0","0","1900","","School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years"),
("2172","0","0","1900","0","0","1900","","Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified"),
("2173","0","0","1900","0","0","1900","","Escalator shown at Paris exhibition"),
("2170","9","2","1900","9","2","1900","","Davis Cup tennis competition established"),
("2168","11","10","1899","11","10","1899","","Start of Second Boer War"),
("2169","6","3","1899","6","3","1899","","Aspirin first marketed by Bayer"),
("2167","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","","Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded"),
("2166","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","","Zeppelin builds airship"),
("2165","27","6","1898","27","6","1898","","The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by\nJoshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)"),
("2163","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","","First photograph using artificial light"),
("2164","17","3","1898","17","3","1898","","USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine"),
("2162","0","0","1897","0","0","1897","","Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector"),
("2161","2","6","1896","2","6","1896","","Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio"),
("2160","5","4","1896","5","4","1896","","First modern Olympic Games held in Athens"),
("2159","0","0","1895","0","0","1895","","Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London"),
("2156","24","5","1895","24","5","1895","","Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted"),
("2157","28","5","1895","28","5","1895","","Oscar Wilde sent to prison"),
("2158","0","11","1895","0","11","1895","","X-rays discovered"),
("2150","0","0","1894","0","0","1894","","Picture postcard introduced in Britain"),
("2151","30","6","1894","30","6","1894","","Tower Bridge first opens"),
("2152","2","8","1894","2","8","1894","","Death duties first introduced in Britain"),
("2153","12","1","1895","12","1","1895","","The National Trust founded in England"),
("2154","12","7","1895","12","7","1895","","First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain"),
("2155","17","10","1895","17","10","1895","","First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences -  John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey"),
("2147","0","0","1893","0","0","1893","","Zip fastener invented"),
("2148","1","1","1894","1","1","1894","","Manchester Ship Canal opens"),
("2149","1","3","1894","1","3","1894","","Blackpool Tower opens"),
("2146","0","0","1893","0","0","1893","","Henry Ford\'s first car"),
("2145","6","10","1892","6","10","1892","","Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere"),
("2143","0","0","1892","0","0","1892","","Electric oven invented"),
("2144","0","0","1892","0","0","1892","","Shop Hours Act -  limit 74 hours per week for under-18\'s"),
("2142","24","8","1891","24","8","1891","","Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera"),
("2141","4","5","1891","4","5","1891","","Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893)"),
("2139","18","3","1891","18","3","1891","","First telephone link between London & Paris"),
("2140","0","0","1891","0","0","1891","","Primary education made free and compulsory"),
("2138","4","11","1890","4","11","1890","","City & South London Railway opens -  London\'s first deep-level tube railway\nand first major railway in the world to use electric traction"),
("2137","4","3","1890","4","3","1890","","Forth railway bridge opens -  took six years to build"),
("2136","0","0","1889","0","0","1889","","Dock Strike -  docker\'s won their \'Docker\'s Tanner\' 6 old pennies"),
("2135","3","6","1889","3","6","1889","","Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast"),
("2134","28","9","1889","28","9","1889","","Length of a metre defined"),
("2133","14","5","1889","14","5","1889","","Children\'s charity NSPCC launched in London"),
("2132","31","3","1889","31","3","1889","","Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)"),
("2131","0","0","1889","0","0","1889","","Celluloid film produced"),
("2130","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","","First box camera -  George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent\nfor his camera which uses roll film"),
("2129","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","","Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre"),
("2128","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","","County Councils set up in Britain"),
("2127","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","","Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year"),
("2126","20","3","1888","20","3","1888","","Football League formed"),
("2125","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","","Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace"),
("2124","0","0","1887","0","0","1887","","Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car"),
("2123","29","5","1886","29","5","1886","","Putney Bridge opens in London"),
("2122","0","5","1886","0","5","1886","","Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named \'Coca-Cola\'"),
("2120","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","","Canadian Pacific Railway completed"),
("2121","20","1","1886","20","1","1886","","Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales"),
("2118","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","","Gottlieb Daimler patents the world\'s first motorcycle"),
("2119","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","","Eastman makes first coated photographic paper"),
("2117","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","","Carl Benz builds the \'Motorwagen\', a single-cylinder motor car"),
("2116","29","9","1885","29","9","1885","","First electric tramcar used at Blackpool"),
("2115","5","9","1885","5","9","1885","","The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel"),
("2113","13","10","1884","13","10","1884","","Greenwich made prime meridian of the world"),
("2114","0","3","1885","0","3","1885","","First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking"),
("2112","31","5","1884","31","5","1884","","John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes"),
("2110","0","0","1883","0","0","1883","","Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France"),
("2111","24","5","1883","24","5","1883","","Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)"),
("2109","27","8","1883","27","8","1883","","Eruption of Krakatoa near Java -  30,000 killed by tidal wave"),
("2108","1","8","1883","1","8","1883","","Parcel post starts in Britain"),
("2107","0","0","1882","0","0","1882","","Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed"),
("2104","0","0","1881","0","0","1881","","Postal Orders introduced"),
("2105","0","0","1881","0","0","1881","","Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy"),
("2106","26","10","1881","26","10","1881","","Gunfight at OK Corral"),
("2103","0","9","1881","0","9","1881","","Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity\nsupply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)"),
("2102","0","0","1880","0","0","1880","","Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria"),
("2101","2","8","1880","2","8","1880","","Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK"),
("2100","0","0","1880","0","0","1880","","Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds"),
("2099","18","9","1879","18","9","1879","","Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time"),
("2098","0","0","1878","0","0","1878","","CID established at New Scotland Yard"),
("2096","0","0","1878","0","0","1878","","Edison & Swan invent electric lamp"),
("2097","0","0","1878","0","0","1878","","Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph"),
("2095","0","0","1877","0","0","1877","","Edison invents microphone and phonograph"),
("2094","14","2","1876","14","2","1876","","Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone -  Bell awarded the rights"),
("2093","0","0","1875","0","0","1875","","London\'s main sewage system completed"),
("2092","1","1","1875","1","1","1875","","Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)"),
("2091","5","4","1874","5","4","1874","","Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world -  features of it later copied in Central Park, New York"),
("2090","0","0","1874","0","0","1874","","Factory Act introduces 56-hour week"),
("2089","0","0","1872","0","0","1872","","Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)"),
("2088","0","0","1872","0","0","1872","","Licensing hours introduced"),
("2087","4","12","1872","4","12","1872","","American ship \'Mary Celeste\' is found abandoned by the British brig \'Dei Gratia\' in the Atlantic Ocean"),
("2086","29","6","1871","29","6","1871","","Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal"),
("2085","29","3","1871","29","3","1871","","Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London"),
("2084","27","3","1871","27","3","1871","","First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh"),
("2083","0","0","1870","0","0","1870","","Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa"),
("2082","0","0","1870","0","0","1870","","Water closets come into wide use"),
("2081","0","0","1870","0","0","1870","","Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children"),
("2080","1","10","1870","1","10","1870","","First British postcard -  halfpenny post"),
("2079","0","0","1870","0","0","1870","","GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)"),
("2078","0","0","1869","0","0","1869","","Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented"),
("2077","23","11","1869","23","11","1869","","Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton"),
("2075","1","7","1867","1","7","1867","","The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation"),
("2076","0","0","1868","0","0","1868","","Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)"),
("2074","0","0","1865","0","0","1865","","First concrete roads built in Britain"),
("2073","0","0","1865","0","0","1865","","Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]"),
("2072","5","7","1865","5","7","1865","","William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London"),
("2071","14","4","1865","14","4","1865","","Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford\'s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth"),
("2070","14","4","1865","14","4","1865","","End of American Civil War -  slavery abolished in USA"),
("2069","0","0","1864","0","0","1864","","A man-powered submarine, \'Hunley\'  sank a Federal steam ship  USS Housatonic  at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 -  the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship"),
("2068","8","12","1864","8","12","1864","","Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened"),
("2067","20","8","1864","20","8","1864","","Red Cross established -  Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention"),
("2066","11","3","1864","11","3","1864","","The Great Sheffield Flood -  over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time"),
("2065","0","0","1863","0","0","1863","","Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England"),
("2064","10","1","1863","10","1","1863","","First section of the London Underground Railway opens"),
("2063","0","0","1863","0","0","1863","","Football Association founded (UK)"),
("2062","20","4","1862","20","4","1862","","First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard"),
("2061","0","0","1862","0","0","1862","","Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)"),
("2060","25","5","1861","25","5","1861","","American Civil War begins"),
("2059","29","8","1860","29","8","1860","","First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead"),
("2058","24","11","1859","24","11","1859","","Charles Darwin publishes \'The Origin of Species\'"),
("2057","4","5","1859","4","5","1859","","Brunel\'s Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon\nand Cornwall"),
("2056","25","4","1859","25","4","1859","","Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)"),
("2055","0","0","1859","0","0","1859","","Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain"),
("2054","0","0","1858","0","0","1858","","Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London"),
("2053","0","0","1858","0","0","1858","","\'The great stink\' -  smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work"),
("2052","0","0","1857","0","0","1857","","Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable"),
("2051","29","1","1856","29","1","1856","","Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts\nduring the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)"),
("2050","0","0","1856","0","0","1856","","End of Crimean War"),
("2049","0","0","1854","0","0","1854","","Cigarettes introduced into Britain"),
("2047","27","3","1854","27","3","1854","","Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)"),
("2048","25","10","1854","25","10","1854","","Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)"),
("2043","0","0","1851","0","0","1851","","Gold discovered in Australia"),
("2044","0","0","1852","0","0","1852","","Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement"),
("2045","0","0","1852","0","0","1852","","Wells Fargo established in USA"),
("2046","0","0","1853","0","0","1853","","Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain"),
("2040","0","0","1848","0","0","1848","","First commercial production of chewing gum"),
("2041","0","0","1849","0","0","1849","","Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation -  which finally\noccurred in 1971!"),
("2042","1","5","1851","1","5","1851","","Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations (\'Crystal Palace\' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park"),
("2038","24","1","1848","24","1","1848","","Gold found at Sutter\'s Mill, California -  starts the California gold rush"),
("2039","11","7","1848","11","7","1848","","Waterloo railway station in London opens"),
("2037","0","0","1847","0","0","1847","","US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre"),
("2035","10","9","1846","10","9","1846","","The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe"),
("2036","0","1","1847","0","1","1847","","An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)"),
("2034","17","3","1845","17","3","1845","","The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry"),
("2033","0","0","1845","0","0","1845","","Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)"),
("2032","6","6","1844","6","6","1844","","YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams"),
("2031","19","7","1843","19","7","1843","","Brunel\'s \'Great Britain\' launched"),
("2030","27","5","1843","27","5","1843","","The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London"),
("2029","0","0","1843","0","0","1843","","First Christmas card in England"),
("2028","30","3","1842","30","3","1842","","Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)"),
("2027","29","8","1842","29","8","1842","","Treaty of Nanking -  End of First Opium War -  Britain gains Hong Kong"),
("2026","0","0","1842","0","0","1842","","Income Tax reintroduced in Britain"),
("2025","10","2","1841","10","2","1841","","Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp"),
("2024","0","0","1841","0","0","1841","","Thomas Cook starts package tours"),
("2023","6","6","1841","6","6","1841","","June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)"),
("2022","0","0","1840","0","0","1840","","Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed\nelsewhere)"),
("2021","0","0","1840","0","0","1840","","Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain"),
("2019","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","","Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber"),
("2020","10","1","1840","10","1","1840","","Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally"),
("2018","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","","Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a\nmechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true \'bicycle\' in the modern\nSense"),
("2017","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","","First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) -  Britain captures Hong Kong"),
("2015","0","0","1837","0","0","1837","","P&O Founded"),
("2016","28","6","1838","28","6","1838","","Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey"),
("2014","0","0","1837","0","0","1837","","Pitman introduces his shorthand system"),
("2013","20","7","1837","20","7","1837","","Euston Railway station opens -  first in London"),
("2012","13","7","1837","13","7","1837","","Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace"),
("2010","20","6","1837","20","6","1837","","William IV dies -  accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)"),
("2011","1","7","1837","1","7","1837","","Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - \nRegistration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same\nboundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834"),
("2009","6","3","1836","6","3","1836","","The Alamo falls to Mexican troops -  death of Davy Crockett"),
("2008","25","2","1836","25","2","1836","","Samuel Colt patented the \'revolver\'"),
("2006","0","0","1836","0","0","1836","","First Potato famine in Ireland"),
("2007","0","7","1836","0","7","1836","","Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris"),
("2005","0","0","1835","0","0","1835","","First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway"),
("2004","0","0","1835","0","0","1835","","Christmas becomes a national holiday"),
("2003","0","0","1834","0","0","1834","","Babbage invents forerunner of the computer"),
("2002","1","5","1834","1","5","1834","","Slavery abolished in British possessions"),
("2001","18","3","1834","18","3","1834","","\'Tolpuddle Martyrs\' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities"),
("1999","0","0","1824","0","0","1824","","Portland cement patented"),
("2000","27","9","1825","27","9","1825","","Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world\'s first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains"),
("1998","0","0","1824","0","0","1824","","RSPCA established"),
("1997","10","5","1824","10","5","1824","","National Gallery in London opens to the public"),
("1996","4","3","1824","4","3","1824","","Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the \'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck\' until 1854)"),
("1995","0","0","1823","0","0","1823","","Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh"),
("1994","0","0","1823","0","0","1823","","Rugby Football \'invented\' at Rugby School"),
("1992","0","0","1823","0","0","1823","","Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes"),
("1993","2","12","1823","2","12","1823","","US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in\nfuture European conflicts (the \'Monroe Doctrine\')"),
("1991","0","0","1823","0","0","1823","","New laws concerning marriage by license ? \'very troublesome\' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry  at the beginning of the next session"),
("1990","14","6","1822","14","6","1822","","Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society"),
("1989","0","0","1821","0","0","1821","","Constable paints \'The Hay Wain\'"),
("1988","0","0","1821","0","0","1821","","Faraday publishes \'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation\'"),
("1987","5","5","1821","5","5","1821","","Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena"),
("1986","0","0","1820","0","0","1820","","Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition"),
("1985","17","8","1820","17","8","1820","","Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ?\nGeorge tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted\nbecause bill passed by such a small majority of Lords"),
("1983","0","0","1820","0","0","1820","","Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet"),
("1984","1","8","1820","1","8","1820","","Regent\'s Canal in London opens"),
("1982","29","1","1820","29","1","1820","","Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent"),
("1981","0","0","1819","0","0","1819","","Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles"),
("1980","0","0","1819","0","0","1819","","Britain returns to gold standard"),
("1979","0","0","1819","0","0","1819","","Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular"),
("1978","16","8","1819","16","8","1819","","Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St.\nPeter\'s Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the\nmeeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others"),
("1977","0","5","1819","0","5","1819","","SS \'Savannah\' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26\nDays reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26\nDays mostly under sail)"),
("1976","20","10","1818","20","10","1818","","\'Convention of 1818\' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom\nwhich, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its\nlength"),
("1974","0","0","1817","0","0","1817","","Constable painted \'Flatford Mill\'"),
("1975","0","0","1818","0","0","1818","","Manchester cotton spinners\' strike"),
("1973","0","0","1817","0","0","1817","","March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended"),
("1972","0","0","1816","0","0","1816","","Trans-Atlantic packet service begins"),
("1971","0","0","1816","0","0","1816","","Large scale emigration to North America"),
("1970","0","0","1816","0","0","1816","","Climate: the \'year without a summer\' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain \'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year  the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years"),
("1968","0","0","1816","0","0","1816","","Income tax abolished"),
("1969","0","0","1816","0","0","1816","","For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially\nbelow their face value ? the first official \'token\' coinage"),
("1966","0","0","1815","0","0","1815","","Trial by Jury established in Scotland"),
("1967","0","0","1815","0","0","1815","","Davy develops the safety lamp for miners"),
("1965","18","6","1815","18","6","1815","","The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena"),
("1964","24","12","1814","24","12","1814","","Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US"),
("1962","24","8","1814","24","8","1814","","The British burn the White House"),
("1963","29","11","1814","29","11","1814","","\'The Times\' first printed by a \'mechanical apparatus\' (at 1100 sheets per hour)"),
("1961","13","8","1814","13","8","1814","","Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch"),
("1960","6","4","1814","6","4","1814","","Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba"),
("1958","0","0","1813","0","0","1813","","Jane Austen wrote \'Pride and Prejudice\'"),
("1959","1","1","1814","1","1","1814","","Invasion of France by Allies"),
("1957","0","0","1813","0","0","1813","","Ireland: First recorded \'12th of July\' sectarian riots in Belfast"),
("1955","18","6","1812","18","6","1812","","Start of American \'War of 1812\' (to 1814) against England and Canada"),
("1956","0","10","1812","0","10","1812","","Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses"),
("1954","11","5","1812","11","5","1812","","Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged"),
("1953","5","2","1811","5","2","1811","","Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane"),
("1952","0","0","1810","0","0","1810","","John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of\nroad metalling"),
("1950","12","2","1809","12","2","1809","","Birth of Charles Darwin"),
("1951","18","9","1809","18","9","1809","","Royal Opera House opens in London"),
("1949","20","12","1808","20","12","1808","","Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna"),
("1948","0","0","1808","0","0","1808","","Gas lighting in London streets"),
("1947","13","7","1808","13","7","1808","","\'Hot Wednesday\' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London"),
("1946","25","3","1807","25","3","1807","","Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery"),
("1945","0","0","1806","0","0","1806","","Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners)"),
("1944","9","1","1806","9","1","1806","","Nelson buried in St Paul\'s cathedral, London"),
("1941","21","10","1805","21","10","1805","","Admiral Nelson\'s victory at Trafalgar"),
("1942","2","12","1805","2","12","1805","","Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians"),
("1943","0","0","1805","0","0","1805","","London docks opened"),
("1940","0","0","1804","0","0","1804","","Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed \'Australia\'"),
("1938","2","12","1804","2","12","1804","","Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French"),
("1939","12","12","1804","12","12","1804","","Spain declares war on Britain"),
("1937","3","3","1804","3","3","1804","","John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal\nHorticultural Society"),
("1935","0","0","1803","0","0","1803","","Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham"),
("1936","21","2","1804","21","2","1804","","Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles\nfrom Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales)  this hauled a train with 10 tons of\niron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of\nA ?2 c"),
("1934","23","7","1803","23","7","1803","","First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to\nCroydon, horse-drawn)"),
("1932","0","0","1803","0","0","1803","","Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted"),
("1933","0","0","1803","0","0","1803","","Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first\nself-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus"),
("1931","12","5","1803","12","5","1803","","Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)"),
("1930","30","4","1803","30","4","1803","","Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States"),
("1929","25","3","1802","25","3","1802","","Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the \'Peace of Amiens\' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondenc"),
("1928","0","0","1801","0","0","1801","Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London","Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London"),
("1927","24","12","1801","24","12","1801","First passenger Train","Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco"),
("1926","0","0","1801","0","0","1801","Grand Union Canal opens in England","Grand Union Canal opens in England"),
("1925","10","3","1801","10","3","1801","First Census","First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)"),
("1924","1","1","1801","1","1","1801","Union Jack becomes the official British flag","Union Jack becomes the official British flag"),
("1923","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","Volta makes first electrical battery","Volta makes first electrical battery"),
("1922","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","Herschel discovers infra-red light","Herschel discovers infra-red light"),
("1920","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","High pressure steam","Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)"),
("1921","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","Royal College of Surgeons founded","Royal College of Surgeons founded"),
("1919","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","First Electric Light","Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy"),
("1918","2","7","1800","2","7","1800","Parliamentary Union","Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland"),
("1917","12","8","1981","12","8","1981","First IBM PC","IBM launches the first PC"),
("1916","0","0","1710","0","0","1710","Port-Royal falls to the British","Port-Royal falls to the British one last time and now called Annapolis Royal after Queen Anne."),
("1915","0","0","1708","0","0","1708","Queen Anne\'s war breaks out","Queen Anne\'s war breaks out and there is unrest with the British."),
("1914","0","0","1703","0","0","1703","Eighth Acadian census","With a population of 1,450, the Acadians are enumerated again."),
("1913","0","0","1701","0","0","1701","Founding of Petitcodiac"," "),
("1912","0","0","1697","0","0","1697","Treaty of Ryswick"," "),
("1911","0","0","1690","0","0","1690","The British capture Port-Royal","Port-Royal is captured by the British. It will be renamed Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia."),
("1910","0","0","1687","0","0","1687","St-Charles des Mines Church is built at Grand-Pré"," "),
("1909","0","0","1682","0","0","1682","Founding of Grand-Pré","Grand-Pré located in Minas is founded. It will become the bread basket of Acadia."),
("1908","0","0","1672","0","0","1672","Founding of Beaubassin","Beaubassin in the Chignecto Region is established"),
("1907","0","0","1671","0","0","1671","First Acadian Census","The population of Acadia numbering 340 is enumerated for its first census."),
("1906","0","0","1670","0","0","1670","Treaty of Breda"," "),
("1905","0","0","1655","0","0","1655","Fort Port-Royal is captured by the British"," "),
("1904","4","1","1636","1","4","1636","Arrival of the St. Jehan in Port-Royal","The St. Jehan arrives in Port-Royal with French settlers, including both men and women."),
("1903","0","0","1636","0","0","1755","PRE-DEPORTATION PERIOD"," "),
("1902","9","8","1632","8","9","1632","Isaac de Razilly arrives at Le Heve"," "),
("1901","7","0","1632","0","7","1632","Isaac de Razilly sails from LaRochelle","Isaac de Razilly departs from LaRochelle with Charles de Menou and 300 settlers."),
("1900","0","0","1632","0","0","1632","Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye"," "),
("1898","0","0","1607","0","0","1607","Jamestown is established"," "),
("1899","0","0","1620","0","0","1620","Pilgrim Fathers land at Plymouth Rock"," "),
("1897","0","0","1605","0","0","1605","First Acadian settlement in Port-Royal"," "),
("1896","29","8","1833","29","8","1833","","Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9"),
("1894","0","0","1832","0","0","1832","","Electric telegraph invented by Morse"),
("1895","0","1","1833","0","1","1833","","Britain invades the Falkland Islands"),
("1892","7","6","1832","7","6","1832","","Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act"),
("1893","0","0","1832","0","0","1832","","Electoral Registers introduced"),
("1891","1","8","1831","1","8","1831","","\'New\' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished"),
("1890","1","6","1831","1","6","1831","","James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole"),
("1889","0","0","1831","0","0","1831","","A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled"),
("1888","15","9","1830","15","9","1830","","George Stephenson\'s Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of\nWellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a\nleading politician, is run over!"),
("1887","0","0","1830","0","0","1830","","Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and\nBelgium"),
("1886","0","7","1830","0","7","1830","","Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the\nCitizen King) on the throne"),
("1885","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","","Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind"),
("1883","10","6","1829","10","6","1829","","First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race"),
("1884","6","10","1829","6","10","1829","","George Stephenson\'s Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to\ncomplete the trial!)"),
("1882","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","","London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed \'Bobbies\' after Sir Robert Peel"),
("1881","25","10","1828","25","10","1828","","St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)"),
("1880","0","0","1827","0","0","1827","","Ohm\'s Law published"),
("1879","30","1","1836","30","1","1836","","Telford\'s Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world\'s first modern suspension bridge"),
("3023","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","","The Famine Year"),
("3024","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","","Foundation of the Orange Order"),
("3025","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","","Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer\'s\nwage to subsistence level -  towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and\nunemployed increased dramatically -  price increases during the Napoleo"),
("3026","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","","Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts\' or \'Two Bills\' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) -  outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture. "),
("3027","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","","Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy"),
("3028","14","5","1796","14","5","1796","","Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England"),
("3029","0","0","1796","0","0","1796","","Pitt\'s Reign of Terror\': More treason trials -  leading radicals emigrate "),
("3030","0","0","1796","0","0","1796","","Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and\ngrandparents"),
("3031","22","2","1797","22","2","1797","","French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later"),
("3032","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","","England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments"),
("3033","26","2","1797","26","2","1797","","First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England"),
("3034","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","","Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore"),
("3035","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","","Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical\npublications"),
("3036","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","","The first copper pennies were produced (\'cartwheels\') by application of steam power to\nthe coining press"),
("3037","0","2","1798","0","2","1798","","The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die -  Irish\nParliament abolished (Feb-Oct)"),
("3038","1","8","1798","1","8","1798","","Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)"),
("3039","0","0","1798","0","0","1798","","First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner"),
("3040","9","1","1799","9","1","1799","","Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure"),
("3041","12","7","1799","12","7","1799","","\'Combination Laws\' in Britain against political associations and combinations"),
("3042","0","0","1799","0","0","1799","","Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York"),
("3043","0","0","1799","0","0","1799","","Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain"),
("3044","15","7","1799","15","7","1799","","?Rosetta Stone\' discovered in Egypt  made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics "),
("3045","1","1","1600","1","1","1600","","Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)"),
("3046","31","12","1600","31","12","1600","","British East India Company founded"),
("3047","0","0","1601","0","0","1601","","Great English Poor Law Act passed"),
("3048","0","0","1601","0","0","1601","","First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster"),
("3049","20","3","1602","20","3","1602","","Dutch East India Company founded"),
("3050","8","11","1602","8","11","1602","","Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public"),
("3051","24","3","1603","24","3","1603","","Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns -  under King James\nVI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)"),
("3052","25","7","1603","25","7","1603","","Coronation -  James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain"),
("3053","1","11","1604","1","11","1604","","Shakespeare: Othello\' first presented "),
("3054","5","11","1605","5","11","1605","","Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)"),
("3055","31","1","1606","31","1","1606","","Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed"),
("3056","12","3","1606","12","3","1606","","Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain\' (the term Union Jack is\nused officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel) "),
("3057","0","0","1606","0","0","1606","","The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed,\nand Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America"),
("3058","0","0","1606","0","0","1606","","Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)"),
("3059","14","5","1607","14","5","1607","","Jamestown, Virginia settled -  to become the first permanent British colony in\nNorth America"),
("3060","0","0","1608","0","0","1608","","First use of telescope by Galileo -  he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in\nJan 1610"),
("3061","0","0","1610","0","0","1610","","James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland -  Prebyterians persecuted\nand many of their records lost"),
("3062","0","0","1611","0","0","1611","","Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain"),
("3063","22","5","1611","22","5","1611","","James VI & I created the title of baronet"),
("3064","29","6","1613","29","6","1613","","The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth\n(finally pulled down in 1644)"),
("3065","0","0","1613","0","0","1613","","A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small"),
("3066","23","4","1616","23","4","1616","","Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare"),
("3067","0","0","1618","0","0","1618","","Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I"),
("3068","4","12","1619","4","12","1619","","(Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in\nVirginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the\nAmericas)"),
("3069","21","12","1620","21","12","1620","","(Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America -  founds Plymouth, New\nEngland (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)"),
("3070","0","0","1620","0","0","1620","","Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley"),
("3071","0","0","1621","0","0","1621","","Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof"),
("3072","0","0","1622","0","0","1622","","First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News\' "),
("3073","0","0","1624","0","0","1624","","Monopoly Act in England: patents protected"),
("3074","0","0","1624","0","0","1624","","Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor\'s chain (measurement of length)"),
("3075","0","0","1625","0","0","1625","","The size of bricks standardised in England around this time"),
("3076","27","3","1625","27","3","1625","","Death of King James VI & I"),
("3077","1","3","1628","1","3","1628","","Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns)\npay ship tax by this date"),
("3078","10","3","1629","10","3","1629","","Parliament dissolved by King Charles I -  did not meet for another 11 yea"),
("3079","0","6","1633","0","6","1633","","Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory"),
("3080","0","0","1635","0","0","1635","","Letter Office of England & Scotland started"),
("3081","0","0","1635","0","0","1635","","Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)"),
("3082","0","0","1636","0","0","1636","","Hackney Carriages in use by now in London"),
("3083","0","0","1638","0","0","1638","","King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason -  forced Scots to choose\nbetween their church and the King -  a ?Covenant\'  swearing to resist these changes to the\nDeath  was signed in Greyfriars Church  Edinburgh and was accepted by hun"),
("3084","0","0","1639","0","0","1639","","Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration"),
("3085","3","11","1640","3","11","1640","","Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the \'Long Parliament\') due to Scottish\ninvasion"),
("3086","0","0","1641","0","0","1641","","Charles I\'s policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England"),
("3087","23","10","1641","23","10","1641","","50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster"),
("3088","0","0","1641","0","0","1641","","Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland"),
("3089","0","0","1642","0","0","1642","","The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers"),
("3090","0","0","1642","0","0","1642","","English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)"),
("3091","22","8","1642","22","8","1642","","Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham -  First Civil War in England (to\n1649)"),
("3092","13","11","1642","13","11","1642","","Battle of Turnham Green -  Royalist forces withdraw in face of the\nParliamentarian army and fail to take London"),
("3093","24","11","1642","24","11","1642","","Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen\'s Land (now Tasmania)"),
("3094","18","12","1642","18","12","1642","","Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand"),
("3095","13","12","1643","13","12","1643","","Battle of Alton -  victory for Parliamentarians -  Sir Richard Bolle killed in St\nLawrence\'s church"),
("3096","29","6","1644","29","6","1644","","Battle of Cropredy Bridge -  Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces"),
("3097","2","7","1644","2","7","1644","","Battle of Marston Moor, near York -  Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists"),
("3098","14","6","1645","14","6","1645","","Battle of Naseby: Parliament\'s New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces"),
("3099","0","0","1645","0","0","1645","","Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland"),
("3100","0","0","1645","0","0","1645","","Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot\nsoldiers, according to population, to serve as militia -  population of Scotland estimated at\n420,000"),
("3101","0","0","1645","0","0","1645","","Plague made its last appearance in Scotland"),
("3102","5","5","1646","5","5","1646","","Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark"),
("3103","20","6","1646","20","6","1646","","Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford"),
("3104","0","0","1648","0","0","1648","","Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox"),
("3105","0","0","1648","0","0","1648","","First practical thermometers made"),
("3106","6","1","1649","6","1","1649","","\'Rump\' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial"),
("3107","30","1","1649","30","1","1649","","King Charles I executed"),
("3108","19","5","1649","19","5","1649","","Commonwealth declared"),
("3109","20","12","1649","20","12","1649","","Theatres banned by Cromwell"),
("3110","20","12","1649","20","12","1649","","Christmas banned by Cromwell"),
("3111","0","0","1649","0","0","1649","","Cromwell\'s Irish campaign starts"),
("3112","0","0","1649","0","0","1649","","King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland"),
("3113","0","0","1650","0","0","1650","","Coffee brought to England about this time"),
("3114","0","0","1651","0","0","1651","","The second English Civil War (1651-1652)"),
("3115","3","9","1651","3","9","1651","","Battle of Worcester"),
("3116","0","0","1651","0","0","1651","","Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America"),
("3117","0","0","1653","0","0","1653","","Commonwealth registers start"),
("3118","20","4","1653","20","4","1653","","Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament"),
("3119","16","12","1653","16","12","1653","","Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,\nScotland and Ireland"),
("3120","0","0","1653","0","0","1653","","Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell\'s opponents stripped of land"),
("3121","0","0","1653","0","0","1653","","Provincial probate courts abolished -  probates granted only in London"),
("3122","0","0","1657","0","0","1657","","Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]"),
("3123","0","0","1657","0","0","1657","","A few Jews permitted to settle in England"),
("3124","3","9","1658","3","9","1658","","Death of Oliver Cromwell"),
("3125","0","0","1658","0","0","1658","","Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)"),
("3126","6","2","1659","6","2","1659","","Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn"),
("3127","0","0","1659","0","0","1659","","Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK"),
("3128","1","1","1660","1","1","1660","","Samuel Pepys starts his diary"),
("3129","29","5","1660","29","5","1660","","Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) -  \'Oak Apple Day\' -  theatres\nreopened"),
("3130","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","","Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed"),
("3131","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","","Provincial Probate Courts re-established"),
("3132","17","10","1660","17","10","1660","","Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn"),
("3133","28","11","1660","28","11","1660","","Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir\nRobert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society"),
("3134","8","12","1660","8","12","1660","","First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)"),
("3135","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","","Clarendon code restricts Puritans\' religious freedom"),
("3136","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","","Composition of light discovered by Newton"),
("3137","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","","Honourable East India Company founded by British"),
("3138","30","1","1661","30","1","1661","","Oliver Cromwell formally \'executed\', having been dead for over two years!"),
("3139","0","0","1661","0","0","1661","","Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland"),
("3140","0","0","1661","0","0","1661","","Board of Trade founded in London"),
("3141","0","0","1661","0","0","1661","","Hand-struck postage stamps first used"),
("3142","0","0","1661","0","0","1661","","Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office"),
("3143","0","0","1662","0","0","1662","","\'Hearth Tax\' introduced -  until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)"),
("3144","0","0","1662","0","0","1662","","Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement\' -  gave JPs the power to return any wandering\npoor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834) "),
("3145","24","8","1662","24","8","1662","","Act of Uniformity -  Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required -  About\n2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and\nIndependents) -  Persecution of all non-conformists -  Presbyterianism dis-established - \nE"),
("3146","0","0","1662","0","0","1662","","Tea introduced to Britain"),
("3147","29","5","1664","29","5","1664","","Oak Apple Day -  the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered\nLondon at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day\nof thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common\nPray"),
("3148","27","8","1664","27","8","1664","","Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col.\nMathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is\nrenamed after the King\'s brother James, Duke of York"),
("3149","0","0","1665","0","0","1665","","Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000"),
("3150","7","11","1665","7","11","1665","","The ?London Gazette\' first published -  one of the official journals of record of the\nUnited Kingdom government  and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the\nUnited Kingdom"),
("3151","0","0","1665","0","0","1665","","Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain"),
("3152","2","9","1666","2","9","1666","","Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)"),
("3153","0","0","1666","0","0","1666","","Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester"),
("3154","0","0","1666","0","0","1666","","Newton formulated Laws of Gravity"),
("3155","0","0","1668","0","0","1668","","British East India Company obtains control of Bombay"),
("3156","0","0","1668","0","0","1668","","Newton constructs reflecting telescope"),
("3157","31","5","1669","31","5","1669","","Last entry in Pepys\'s diary"),
("3158","26","5","1670","26","5","1670","","King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover"),
("3159","9","5","1671","9","5","1671","","Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels"),
("3160","0","0","1672","0","0","1672","","High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland"),
("3161","0","0","1672","0","0","1672","","War with Holland (to 1674) -  British Army increased to 10,000 men"),
("3162","0","0","1673","0","0","1673","","First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office"),
("3163","10","11","1674","10","11","1674","","Treaty of Westminster -  Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern\ncoast of North America) to Britain"),
("3164","0","0","1675","0","0","1675","","Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury"),
("3165","4","3","1675","4","3","1675","","John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England"),
("3166","10","8","1675","10","8","1675","","Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started"),
("3167","0","0","1675","0","0","1675","","Rebuilding of St Paul\'s started by Wren (completed 1710)"),
("3168","0","0","1676","0","0","1676","","Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was\nintended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and\nProtestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes"),
("3169","0","0","1677","0","0","1677","","Lee\'s Collection of Names of Merchants in London\' published "),
("3170","0","0","1678","0","0","1678","","Extension of Test Act to peers"),
("3171","27","5","1679","27","5","1679","","Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England -  (later repealed from time to\ntime)"),
("3172","0","0","1679","0","0","1679","","Tories first so named"),
("3173","0","0","1680","0","0","1680","","William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post"),
("3174","0","0","1681","0","0","1681","","Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament"),
("3175","0","0","1681","0","0","1681","","Oil lighting first used in London streets"),
("3176","0","0","1680","0","0","1680","","Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting"),
("3177","0","0","1682","0","0","1682","","Pennsylvania founded by William Penn"),
("3178","0","0","1682","0","0","1682","","Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh -  later National Library of Scotland"),
("3179","0","0","1682","0","0","1682","","Halley observes the comet which bears his name"),
("3180","6","6","1683","6","6","1683","","Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford -  first museum in Britain"),
("3181","0","0","1683","0","0","1683","","Wild boar become extinct in Britain"),
("3182","0","0","1685","0","0","1685","","James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) -  Monmouth rebellion and battle of\nSedgemoor -  British Army raised to 20,000 men"),
("3183","0","0","1685","0","0","1685","","Earl of Argyll\'s Invasion of Scotland"),
("3184","0","0","1685","0","0","1685","","Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes -  320 executed, 800 transported"),
("3185","0","0","1686","0","0","1686","","Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs"),
("3186","4","4","1687","4","4","1687","","James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics\nand non-conformists"),
("3187","5","7","1687","5","7","1687","","Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\' -  written\nin Latin "),
("3188","0","2","1688","0","2","1688","","Edward Lloyd\'s Coffee House opens -  later became Lloyd\'s of London"),
("3189","0","11","1688","0","11","1688","","The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates"),
("3190","5","11","1688","5","11","1688","","William of Orange lands at Torbay"),
("3191","13","2","1689","13","2","1689","","William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)"),
("3192","0","0","1688","0","0","1688","","British Army raised to 40,000"),
("3193","0","0","1688","0","0","1688","","Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament"),
("3194","0","0","1688","0","0","1688","","Hearth Tax abolished"),
("3195","0","0","1688","0","0","1688","","Mutiny Act"),
("3196","12","3","1689","12","3","1689","","Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland -  defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1\nJul 1690)"),
("3197","24","5","1689","24","5","1689","","Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists"),
("3198","27","7","1689","27","7","1689","","Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland -  Jacobites defeated Government troops but\nat high cost"),
("3199","0","12","1688","0","12","1688","","Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)"),
("3200","16","12","1689","16","12","1689","","Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King\'s divine right to raise taxes or\nwage war"),
("3201","0","0","1689","0","0","1689","","Devonport naval dockyard established"),
("3202","20","5","1690","20","5","1690","","England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II"),
("3203","13","2","1692","13","2","1692","","The massacre of Glencoe -  Clan Campbell sides with King William and\nmurders members of Clan McDonald"),
("3204","0","0","1692","0","0","1692","","Land Tax introduced -  originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public\noffices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of\nwealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Ta"),
("3205","0","0","1692","0","0","1692","","French intention to invade England came to nothing"),
("3206","4","8","1693","4","8","1693","","Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon \'s invention of Champagne"),
("3207","0","0","1694","0","0","1694","","National Debt came into effect in England"),
("3208","0","0","1694","0","0","1694","","Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland"),
("3209","27","7","1694","27","7","1694","","Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)"),
("3210","0","0","1694","0","0","1694","","Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler"),
("3211","0","0","1694","0","0","1694","","Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years"),
("3212","0","0","1694","0","0","1694","","Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)"),
("3213","0","0","1695","0","0","1695","","Freedom of Press in England granted"),
("3214","0","0","1695","0","0","1695","","Bank of Scotland founded"),
("3215","0","0","1695","0","0","1695","","Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the\nbirth of a child (repealed 1706)"),
("3216","0","0","1695","0","0","1695","","Start of Dissenters\' lists in parish registers -  children born but not christened in the\nparish church -  some were named \'Papist\' and others \'Protestants\' "),
("3217","2","12","1697","2","12","1697","","Official opening of St Paul\'s Cathedral"),
("3218","4","1","1698","4","1","1698","","Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire"),
("3219","0","0","1698","0","0","1698","","Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery"),
("3220","0","0","1698","0","0","1698","","Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama"),
("3221","0","0","1698","0","0","1698","","Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers -  repealed after five years"),
("3222","14","11","1698","14","11","1698","","Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley\'s) first lit; completed 10 days earlier"),
("3223","0","0","1598","0","0","1598","","Bishop\'s transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start -  parish records were to\nbe kept in \'great decent books of parchment\' and copies or \'Bishop\'s Transcripts\' of new entries\nwere to be sent each month to the diocesan centre"),
("3224","0","0","1597","0","0","1597","","Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor -  Poor Rate collection\nallowed"),
("3225","0","0","1594","0","0","1594","","Hugh O\'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)"),
("3226","0","0","1593","0","0","1593","","British statute mile established by law"),
("3227","0","0","1592","0","0","1592","","A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London"),
("3228","0","0","1592","0","0","1592","","Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established -  all ministers equal -  no bishops - \nsecular commissaries appointed by the Crown"),
("3229","0","0","1591","0","0","1591","","Trinity College, Dublin, founded"),
("3230","0","0","1588","0","0","1588","","Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright"),
("3231","29","7","1588","29","7","1588","","Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines"),
("3232","19","7","1588","19","7","1588","","Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)"),
("3233","0","0","1587","0","0","1587","","Introduction of potatoes to England"),
("3234","11","8","1587","11","8","1587","","Raleigh\'s second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina -  first child\nborn in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)"),
("3235","19","4","1587","19","4","1587","","Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour"),
("3236","8","2","1587","8","2","1587","","Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough"),
("3237","0","0","1585","0","0","1585","","Foundation of Oxford University Press"),
("3238","4","6","1584","4","6","1584","","Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on\nRoanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) -  the so-called \'Lost Colony\'"),
("3239","0","0","1583","0","0","1583","","University of Edinburgh founded"),
("3240","0","0","1583","0","0","1583","","Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas"),
("3241","0","8","1583","0","8","1583","","Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John\'s,\nNewfoundland"),
("3242","0","0","1581","0","0","1581","","English Levant Company founded"),
("3243","4","4","1581","4","4","1581","","Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after\ncircumnavigating the world"),
("3244","16","1","1581","16","1","1581","","English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism"),
("3245","0","0","1580","0","0","1580","","Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time"),
("3246","0","0","1580","0","0","1580","","Colonisation of Ireland"),
("3247","6","4","1580","6","4","1580","","Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned\nby Shakespeare -  dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais"),
("3248","0","0","1579","0","0","1579","","Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced"),
("3249","0","0","1577","0","0","1577","","James Burbage opens first theatre in London"),
("3250","0","0","1571","0","0","1571","","Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright"),
("3251","0","0","1571","0","0","1571","","Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest -  gradual change from\n\'subsistence economy\' to \'cash economy\' resulted"),
("3252","23","1","1571","23","1","1571","","Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - \nthis building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666"),
("3253","0","0","1571","0","0","1571","","Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England"),
("3254","25","2","1570","25","2","1570","","Pope Pius V issued the papal bull \'Regnans in Excelsis\' to excommunicate\nElizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England"),
("3255","0","0","1569","0","0","1569","","Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports"),
("3256","13","5","1568","13","5","1568","","Battle of Langside -  Mary\'s flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen\nElizabeth I"),
("3257","24","7","1567","24","7","1567","","Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI"),
("3258","15","5","1567","15","5","1567","","Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell"),
("3259","10","2","1567","10","2","1567","","Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion"),
("3260","9","3","1566","9","3","1566","","Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House"),
("3261","29","7","1565","29","7","1565","","Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first\ncousin"),
("3262","26","4","1564","26","4","1564","","Shakespeare baptised -  he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George\'s\nDay; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616"),
("3263","28","7","1563","28","7","1563","","The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege"),
("3264","0","0","1562","0","0","1562","","Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins -  between Guinea and\nthe West Indies"),
("3265","0","0","1561","0","0","1561","","Spire of St Paul\'s, highest in England, destroyed by fire"),
("3266","0","0","1561","0","0","1561","","The first coins produced by machinery (known as a \'mill\') rather than by hand, but it\nwas a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was\nintroduced in 1663"),
("3267","27","2","1560","27","2","1560","","Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and\nthe English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland"),
("3268","0","0","1560","0","0","1560","","Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland -  commissary courts thrown into confusion\n-  some records lost"),
("3269","0","0","1559","0","0","1559","","Tobacco introduced to Europe"),
("3270","0","0","1559","0","0","1559","","John Knox returns from Continent -  strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland"),
("3271","29","4","1559","29","4","1559","","Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England\n& Wales; established Church of England"),
("3272","15","1","1559","15","1","1559","","Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of\nCarlisle"),
("3273","0","0","1558","0","0","1558","","System of Counties adopted"),
("3274","17","11","1558","17","11","1558","","Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister\nElizabeth -  Protestantism restored in England"),
("3275","24","4","1558","24","4","1558","","Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris"),
("3276","7","1","1558","7","1","1558","","French take Calais, last English possession in France"),
("3277","0","0","1558","0","0","1558","","Scottish parish registers start"),
("3278","21","3","1556","21","3","1556","","Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford"),
("3279","12","2","1554","12","2","1554","","Lady Jane Grey beheaded"),
("3280","0","0","1554","0","0","1554","","Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor -  married priests forced to separate\nat least 30 miles from their wives"),
("3281","19","7","1553","19","7","1553","","Mary Tudor (\'Bloody Mary\') comes to the throne"),
("3282","6","7","1553","6","7","1553","","Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only"),
("3283","0","3","1552","0","3","1552","","An \'Act of Uniformity\' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England"),
("3284","0","0","1551","0","0","1551","","Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms\nand banns of marriage"),
("3285","0","0","1550","0","0","1550","","Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries"),
("3286","0","0","1549","0","0","1549","","English Parliament declares enclosures legal"),
("3287","0","0","1549","0","0","1549","","First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal"),
("3288","0","0","1549","0","0","1549","","Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand"),
("3289","9","6","1549","9","6","1549","","First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament"),
("3290","0","0","1548","0","0","1548","","Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) -  but see 1554"),
("3291","0","0","1547","0","0","1547","","Ivan the Terrible takes title \'Tsar of all the Russias\'"),
("3292","0","0","1547","0","0","1547","","Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)"),
("3293","10","9","1547","10","9","1547","","Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first \'modern\' battle to be fought in the\nBritish Isles"),
("3294","0","0","1547","0","0","1547","","English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales"),
("3295","20","2","1547","20","2","1547","","Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey"),
("3296","28","1","1547","28","1","1547","","Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)"),
("3297","0","0","1546","0","0","1546","","Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII"),
("3298","20","7","1545","20","7","1545","","Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent -  raised in 1982"),
("3299","0","0","1544","0","0","1544","","Henry\'s VIII\'s Rough Wooing\' of the Scottish Borders "),
("3300","0","0","1544","0","0","1544","","Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland"),
("3301","9","9","1543","9","9","1543","","Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots\' in\nStirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart) "),
("3302","12","7","1543","12","7","1543","","Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him"),
("3303","14","12","1542","14","12","1542","","Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots\'\nsucceeds him  just 6 days old"),
("3304","13","2","1542","13","2","1542","","Catherine Howard executed"),
("3305","0","0","1541","0","0","1541","","Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland"),
("3306","28","7","1540","28","7","1540","","Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day,\nwife #5"),
("3307","9","7","1540","9","7","1540","","Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves"),
("3308","9","2","1540","9","2","1540","","First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester"),
("3309","6","1","1540","6","1","1540","","Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the \'Flanders Mare\', wife #4"),
("3310","0","0","1540","0","0","1540","","Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed"),
("3311","17","12","1538","17","12","1538","","Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III"),
("3312","0","0","1538","0","0","1538","","Henry VIII issues English Bible"),
("3313","0","0","1538","0","0","1538","","English and Welsh parish registers start"),
("3314","24","10","1537","24","10","1537","","Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future\nEdward VI"),
("3315","18","7","1536","18","7","1536","","The authority of the Pope is declared void in England"),
("3316","30","5","1536","30","5","1536","","Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th\nOctober)"),
("3317","19","5","1536","19","5","1536","","Anne Boleyn executed"),
("3318","0","0","1536","0","0","1536","","Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535"),
("3319","0","0","1536","0","0","1536","","Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)"),
("3320","0","0","1535","0","0","1535","","Sir Thomas More executed"),
("3321","0","0","1534","0","0","1534","","Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)"),
("3322","17","9","1533","17","9","1533","","Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I"),
("3323","11","7","1533","11","7","1533","","Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII"),
("3324","23","5","1533","23","5","1533","","Henry VIII\'s marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled"),
("3325","30","3","1533","30","3","1533","","Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury"),
("3326","25","1","1533","25","1","1533","","Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen\non 1st June)"),
("3327","0","0","1532","0","0","1532","","Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland"),
("3328","11","2","1531","11","2","1531","","Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England"),
("3329","0","0","1528","0","0","1528","","St George\'s Chapel in Windsor Castle completed"),
("3330","0","0","1527","0","0","1527","","Bishop Vesey\'s Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield"),
("3331","0","0","1525","0","0","1525","","New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale"),
("3332","6","9","1522","6","9","1522","","The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan\'s expedition,\nbecomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world"),
("3333","25","5","1521","25","5","1521","","Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of\nWorms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw"),
("3334","17","5","1521","17","5","1521","","Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason"),
("3335","17","4","1521","17","4","1521","","Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant\nhis teachings"),
("3336","0","11","1520","0","11","1520","","Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of\nMagellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific"),
("3337","0","0","1518","0","0","1518","","Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France,\nEngland, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands -  sponsored\nby Cardinal Wolsey"),
("3338","31","10","1517","31","10","1517","","Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg -  regarded as\nstart of the Reformation"),
("3339","0","0","1516","0","0","1516","","Thomas More writes Utopia\' "),
("3340","15","11","1515","15","11","1515","","Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal"),
("3341","0","0","1514","0","0","1514","","Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland"),
("3342","9","9","1513","9","9","1513","","Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army -  death of King James IV of Scots"),
("3343","16","8","1513","16","8","1513","","Battle of the Spurs -  English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at\nGuinegate"),
("3344","0","11","1512","0","11","1512","","Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for\nthe first time"),
("3345","0","0","1512","0","0","1512","","The Auld Alliance\' treaty with France -  all Scottish citizens became French and vice\nversa "),
("3346","0","0","1512","0","0","1512","","Admiralty founded in London"),
("3347","11","6","1509","11","6","1509","","Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon"),
("3348","22","4","1509","22","4","1509","","Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old"),
("3349","0","0","1509","0","0","1509","","Naturalisation papers start in England"),
("3350","0","4","1507","0","4","1507","","Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of\nAmerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller\'s world map)"),
("3351","0","0","1507","0","0","1507","","First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar"),
("3352","22","1","1506","22","1","1506","","First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican"),
("3353","0","0","1505","0","0","1505","","Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh"),
("3354","0","0","1503","0","0","1503","","Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)"),
("3355","28","5","1503","28","5","1503","","Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor"),
("3356","16","11","1499","16","11","1499","","Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed"),
("3357","0","0","1754","10","2","1763","The French and Indian War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/002_War_The_French_and_Indian_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"The French and Indian War\" title=\"The French and Indian War\"> The French and Indian War</a>"),
("3358","18","4","1775","14","1","1784","American Revolutionary War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/003_War_American_Revolutionary_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"American Revolutionary War\" title=\"American Revolutionary War\"> American Revolutionary War</"),
("3359","0","0","1785","2","4","1795","Northwest Indian War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/004_War_Northwest_Indian_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Northwest Indian War\" title=\"Northwest Indian War\"> Northwest Indian War</a>"),
("3360","30","4","1789","4","3","1797","George Washington","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/001_President_Washington.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"George Washington U.S. Presidency\" title=\"George Washington U.S. President\"> George Washington U.S. Presidency<"),
("3361","4","3","1797","4","3","1801","John Adams","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/002_President_Adams.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"John Adams U.S. Presidency\" title=\"John Adams U.S. President\"> John Adams U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3362","9","1","1798","30","9","1800","Franco-American War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/005_War_Franco-American_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Franco-American War\" title=\"Franco-American War\"> Franco-American War</a>"),
("3363","4","3","1801","4","3","1809","Thomas Jefferson","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/003_President_Jefferson.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Thomas Jefferson U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Thomas Jefferson U.S. President\"> Thomas Jefferson U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3364","1","4","1801","4","1","1805","First Barbary War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Barbary_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/006_War_First_Barbary_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"First Barbary War\" title=\"First Barbary War\"> First Barbary War</a>"),
("3365","4","3","1809","4","3","1817","James Madison","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/004_President_Madison.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"James Madison U.S. Presidency\" title=\"James Madison U.S. President\"> James Madison U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3366","12","6","1812","16","2","1815","War of 1812","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/007_War_War_of_1812.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"War of 1812\" title=\"War of 1812\"> War of 1812</a>"),
("3367","3","3","1815","24","9","1816","Second Barbary War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barbary_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/008_War_Second_Barbary_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Second Barbary War\" title=\"Second Barbary War\"> Second Barbary War</a>"),
("3368","4","3","1817","4","3","1825","James Monroe","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/005_President_Monroe.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"James Monroe U.S. Presidency\" title=\"James Monroe U.S. President\"> James Monroe U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3369","4","3","1825","4","3","1829","John Quincy Adams","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/006_President_Adams.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"John Quincy Adams U.S. Presidency\" title=\"John Quincy Adams U.S. President\"> John Quincy Adams U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3370","4","3","1829","4","3","1837","Andrew Jackson","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/007_President_Jackson.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Andrew Jackson U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Andrew Jackson U.S. President\"> Andrew Jackson U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3371","14","5","1832","2","8","1832","Black Hawk War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hawk_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/009_War_Black Hawk_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Black Hawk War\" title=\"Black Hawk War\"> Black Hawk War</a>"),
("3372","2","10","1835","21","4","1836","Texas War of Independence","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Revolution\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/010_War_Texas_War_of_Independence.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Texas War of Independence\" title=\"Texas War of Independence\"> Texas War of Independence</a>"),
("3373","4","3","1837","4","3","1841","Martin Van Buren","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/008_President_Van_Buren.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Martin Van Buren U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Martin Van Buren U.S. President\"> Martin Van Buren U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3374","4","3","1841","4","4","1841","William Henry Harrison","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/009_President_Harrison.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"William Henry Harrison U.S. Presidency\" title=\"William Henry Harrison U.S. President\"> William Henry Harriso"),
("3375","4","4","1841","4","3","1845","John Tyler","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/010_President_Tyler.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"John Tyler U.S. Presidency\" title=\"John Tyler U.S. President\"> John Tyler U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3376","4","3","1845","4","3","1849","James K. Polk","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/011_President_Polk.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"James K. Polk U.S. Presidency\" title=\"James K. Polk U.S. President\"> James K. Polk U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3377","11","5","1836","2","2","1848","Mexican-American War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-American_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/011_War_Mexican-American_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Mexican-American War\" title=\"Mexican-American War\"> Mexican-American War</a>"),
("3378","4","3","1849","9","7","1850","Zachary Taylor","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/012_President_Taylor.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Zachary Taylor U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Zachary Taylor U.S. President\"> Zachary Taylor U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3379","9","7","1850","4","3","1853","Millard Fillmore","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_Fillmore\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/013_President_Fillmore.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Millard Fillmore U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Millard Fillmore U.S. President\"> Millard Fillmore U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3380","4","3","1853","4","3","1857","Franklin Pierce","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/014_President_Pierce.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Franklin Pierce U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Franklin Pierce U.S. President\"> Franklin Pierce U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3381","4","3","1857","4","3","1861","James Buchanan","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/015_President_Buchanan.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"James Buchanan U.S. Presidency\" title=\"James Buchanan U.S. President\"> James Buchanan U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3382","4","3","1861","15","4","1865","Abraham Lincoln","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/016_President_Lincoln.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Abraham Lincoln U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Abraham Lincoln U.S. President\"> Abraham Lincoln U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3383","12","4","1861","9","4","1865","American Civil War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/012_War_American_Civil_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"American Civil War\" title=\"American Civil War\"> American Civil War</a>"),
("3384","15","4","1865","4","3","1869","Andrew Johnson","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/017_President_Johnson.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Andrew Johnson U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Andrew Johnson U.S. President\"> Andrew Johnson U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3385","4","3","1869","4","3","1877","Ulysses S. Grant","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/018_President_Grant.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Ulysses S. Grant U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Ulysses S. Grant U.S. President\"> Ulysses S. Grant U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3386","4","3","1877","4","3","1881","Rutherford B. Hayes","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/019_President_Hayes.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. President\"> Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. Presidenc"),
("3387","4","3","1881","19","9","1881","James A. Garfield","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/020_President_Garfield.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"James A. Garfield U.S. Presidency\" title=\"James A. Garfield U.S. President\"> James A. Garfield U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3388","19","9","1881","4","3","1885","Chester A. Arthur","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/021_President_Arthur.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Chester A. Arthur U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Chester A. Arthur U.S. President\"> Chester A. Arthur U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3389","4","3","1885","4","3","1889","Grover Cleveland","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/022_24_President_Cleveland.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Grover Cleveland U.S. President\"> Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3390","4","3","1889","4","3","1893","Benjamin Harrison","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/023_President_Harrison.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Benjamin Harrison U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Benjamin Harrison U.S. President\"> Benjamin Harrison U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3391","4","3","1893","4","3","1897","Grover Cleveland","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/022_24_President_Cleveland.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Grover Cleveland U.S. President\"> Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3392","4","3","1897","14","9","1901","William McKinley","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/025_President_McKinley.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"William McKinley U.S. Presidency\" title=\"William McKinley U.S. President\"> William McKinley U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3393","25","4","1898","12","8","1898","Spanish-American War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/013_War_Spanish_American_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Spanish-American War\" title=\"Spanish-American War\"> Spanish-American War</a>"),
("3394","2","6","1899","4","7","1902","Philippine-American War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Insurrection\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/014_War_Philippine_American_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Philippine-American War\" title=\"Philippine-American War\"> Philippine-American War</a>"),
("3395","2","11","1899","7","9","1901","Boxer Rebellion","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/015_War_Boxer_Rebellion.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Boxer Rebellion\" title=\"Boxer Rebellion\"> Boxer Rebellion</a>"),
("3396","14","9","1901","4","3","1909","Theodore Roosevelt","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/026_President_Roosevelt.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Theodore Roosevelt U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Theodore Roosevelt U.S. President\"> Theodore Roosevelt U.S. Presidenc"),
("3397","4","3","1909","4","3","1913","William Howard Taft","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/027_President_Taft.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"William Howard Taft U.S. Presidency\" title=\"William Howard Taft U.S. President\"> William Howard Taft U.S. Presidency"),
("3398","4","3","1913","4","3","1921","Woodrow Wilson","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/028_President_Wilson.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Woodrow Wilson U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Woodrow Wilson U.S. President\"> Woodrow Wilson U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3399","6","4","1917","11","11","1918","World War I","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/016_War_World_War_I.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"World War I\" title=\"World War I\"> World War I</a>"),
("3400","4","3","1921","2","8","1923","Warren G. Harding","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/029_President_Harding.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Warren G. Harding U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Warren G. Harding U.S. President\"> Warren G. Harding U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3401","2","8","1923","4","3","1929","Calvin Coolidge","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/030_President_Coolidge.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Calvin Coolidge U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Calvin Coolidge U.S. President\"> Calvin Coolidge U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3402","4","3","1929","4","3","1933","Herbert Hoover","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/031_President_Hoover.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Herbert Hoover U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Herbert Hoover U.S. President\"> Herbert Hoover U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3403","4","3","1933","12","4","1945","Franklin D. Roosevelt","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/032_President_Roosevelt.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S. President\"> Franklin D. Roosevelt U."),
("3404","7","12","1941","2","9","1945","World War II","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/017_War_World_War_II.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"World War II\" title=\"World War II\"> World War II</a>"),
("3405","12","4","1945","20","1","1953","Harry S. Truman","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/033_President_Truman.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Harry S. Truman U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Harry S. Truman U.S. President\"> Harry S. Truman U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3406","25","6","1950","27","7","1953","Korean War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/018_War_Korean_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Korean War\" title=\"Korean War\"> Korean War</a>"),
("3407","20","1","1953","20","1","1961","Dwight D. Eisenhower","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/034_President_Eisenhower.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. President\"> Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. "),
("3408","20","1","1961","20","11","1963","John F. Kennedy","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/035_President_Kennedy.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"John F. Kennedy U.S. Presidency\" title=\"John F. Kennedy U.S. President\"> John F. Kennedy U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3409","20","11","1963","20","1","1969","Lyndon B. Johnson","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/036_President_Johnson.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Lyndon B. Johnson U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Lyndon B. Johnson U.S. President\"> Lyndon B. Johnson U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3410","26","9","1959","30","4","1975","Vietnam War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_war\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/019_War_Vietnam_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Vietnam War\" title=\"Vietnam War\"> Vietnam War</a>"),
("3411","20","1","1969","9","8","1974","Richard Nixon","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/037_President_Nixon.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Richard Nixon U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Richard Nixon U.S. President\"> Richard Nixon U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3412","9","8","1974","20","1","1977","Gerald Ford","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/038_President_Ford.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Gerald Ford U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Gerald Ford U.S. President\"> Gerald Ford U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3413","20","1","1977","20","1","1981","Jimmy Carter","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/039_President_Carter.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Jimmy Carter U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Jimmy Carter U.S. President\"> Jimmy Carter U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3414","20","1","1981","20","1","1989","Ronald Reagan","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/040_President_Reagan.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Ronald Reagan U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Ronald Reagan U.S. President\"> Ronald Reagan U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3415","20","1","1989","20","1","1993","George H. W. Bush","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/041_President_Bush.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"George H. W. Bush U.S. Presidency\" title=\"George H. W. Bush U.S. President\"> George H. W. Bush U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3416","2","8","1990","28","2","1991","Gulf War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/020_War_Gulf_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Gulf War\" title=\"Gulf War\"> Gulf War</a>"),
("3417","20","1","1993","20","1","2001","Bill Clinton","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/042_President_Clinton.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"Bill Clinton U.S. Presidency\" title=\"Bill Clinton U.S. President\"> Bill Clinton U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3418","20","1","2001","20","1","2009","George W. Bush","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/043_President_Bush.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=80\" alt=\"George W. Bush U.S. Presidency\" title=\"George W. Bush U.S. President\"> George W. Bush U.S. Presidency</a>"),
("3419","7","10","2001","28","12","2014","War in Afghanistan","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/022_War_War_in_Afghanistan.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"War in Afghanistan\" title=\"War in Afghanistan\"> War in Afghanistan</a>"),
("3420","20","3","2003","18","12","2011","Iraq War","<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War\"target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"img/023_War_Iraq_War.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"80\" alt=\"Iraq War\" title=\"Iraq War\"> Iraq War</a>"),
("3423","0","0","1604","0","0","1632","EXPLORATION PERIOD"," "),
("3424","0","0","1604","0","0","1604","First Acadian settlement on Saint-Croix Island"," "),
("3425","0","0","1713","0","0","1713","Treaty of Utrecht","Treaty of Utrecht. Acadia now belongs to England and never again returns to France."),
("3426","0","0","1720","0","0","1720","The French begin construction of the fortress at Louisbourg","The fortress at Louisbourg begins construction."),
("3427","0","0","1749","0","0","1749","Founding of Halifax","The English found Halifax and bring 2,576 English settlers to populate and settle the land."),
("3428","0","0","1755","0","0","1763","DEPORTATION PERIOD"," "),
("3429","9","2","1755","2","9","1755","Deportation of the Acadian population","The Acadian Diaspora/Deportation begins and will go on for years. On this date in 1755, Colonel John Winslow proclaimed the Deportation Order."),
("3430","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","Deportation of the Acadians at Ile Ste Jean (PEI)","Acadians who had gone to Ile Ste Jean/Prince Edward Island earlier in agreement with the British Government, or who had fled there later, are deported to France. A group escapes to Malpèque and is not discovered. Later they will be part of the founding fa"),
("3431","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","Acadians on Ile Royale/Cape Breton are deported to France"," "),
("3432","0","0","1763","0","0","1763","Treaty of Paris","Treaty of Paris. The Seven Years War between France and England ends. All of France\'s North American possessions now belong to England."),
("3433","0","0","1763","0","0","1884","POST-DEPORTATION PERIOD"," "),
("3434","0","0","1765","0","0","1765","First Acadians settle in Louisiana"," "),
("3435","0","0","1773","0","0","1773","Census of Acadians in France","The 2,370 Acadians in France are enumerated."),
("3436","0","0","1776","0","0","1776","Acadians fight in the Eddy Rebellion","22 Acadians under the command of Captain Isaie Boudreau fight under Colonel Jonathan Eddy (the Eddy Rebellion) in an effort to retake Fort Cumberland."),
("3437","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","Acadians sail from France to Louisiana","Acadians numbering 1,600 sail from France to settle in Louisiana. Some of their relatives had gone there earlier. They will become known as Cajuns."),
("3438","0","0","1847","0","0","1847","Longfellow writes the poem Evangeline","The poem Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longefellow is published. A spirit of pride and hope is rekindled among the Acadians."),
("3439","0","0","1881","0","0","1881","First Acadian Convention at Memramcook","First Acadian Convention at Memramcook. The Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Mother is voted as the Acadian National holiday and is celebrated each year on August 15th."),
("3440","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche","Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche on Prince Edward Island. The tri-color with gold star is approved as the Acadian flag and the hymn Ave Maris Stella becomes the national anthem of the Acadians."),
("3441","9","25","1789","25","9","1789","Bill of Rights adopted"," "),
("3442","9","25","1789","25","9","1789","27th Amendment originally proposed"," "),
("3443","3","4","1794","4","3","1794","11th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3444","2","7","1795","7","2","1795","11th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3445","12","0","1803","9","12","1803","12th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3446","6","15","1804","15","6","1804","12th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3447","1","31","1865","31","1","1865","13th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3448","12","6","1865","6","12","1865","13th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3449","6","13","1866","13","6","1866","14th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3450","7","19","1868","19","7","1868","14th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3451","2","26","1869","26","2","1869","15th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3452","2","3","1870","3","2","1870","15th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3453","7","2","1909","2","7","1909","16th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3454","5","13","1912","13","5","1912","17th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3455","2","3","1913","3","2","1913","16th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3456","4","8","1913","8","4","1913","17th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3457","12","17","1917","17","12","1917","18th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3458","1","16","1919","16","1","1919","18th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3459","6","4","1919","4","6","1919","19th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3460","8","18","1920","18","8","1920","19th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3461","3","2","1932","2","3","1932","20th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3462","1","23","1933","23","1","1933","20th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3463","2","20","1933","20","2","1933","21st Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3464","12","5","1933","5","12","1933","21st Amendment ratified"," "),
("3465","3","21","1947","21","3","1947","22nd Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3466","2","27","1951","27","2","1951","22nd Amendment ratified"," "),
("3467","6","16","1960","16","6","1960","23rd Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3468","3","29","1961","29","3","1961","23rd Amendment ratified"," "),
("3469","8","27","1962","27","8","1962","24th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3470","1","23","1964","23","1","1964","24th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3471","7","6","1965","6","7","1965","25th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3472","2","10","1967","10","2","1967","25th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3473","3","23","1971","23","3","1971","26th Amendment passed by Congress"," "),
("3474","7","1","1971","1","7","1971","26th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3475","5","7","1992","7","5","1992","27th Amendment ratified"," "),
("3476","0","0","0757","0","0","0796","King Offa","King Offa ( 779 - 796 ) {\\n}{\\n}757 - Offa seizes the Kingdom Mercia after the murder of his cousin Aethelbald.{\\n}776 - Defeats the men of Kent at Otford{\\n}779 - Offa defeats Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington in Oxfordshire.{\\n}784 - Offa defeats the Wel"),
("3477","0","0","0800","0","0","0839","King Egbert","King Egbert ( 802 - 839 ) {\\n}{\\n}800 - Around this time the Book of Kells is written in Ireland{\\n}802 - Death of King Beorthric of Wessex{\\n}802 - Egbert returns from exile in Charlemagne and becomes King of Wessex{\\n}825 - King Egbert of Wessex wins a"),
("3478","0","0","0839","0","0","0856","King Aethelwulf","King Aethelwulf ( 839 - 856 ) {\\n}{\\n}839 - Aethelwulf succeeds his father Egbert as King of Wessex{\\n}841 - Vikings raid Kent and East Anglia, and establish a settlement at Dublin{\\n}842 - Many die in London and Rochester during Viking raids{\\n}844 - Ken"),
("3479","0","0","0856","0","0","0860","King Aethalbald","King Aethelbald ( 856 - 860 ) {\\n}{\\n}858 - Aethelbald marries his father\'s widow Judith{\\n}860 - Vikings land on Iceland{\\n}860 - Aehelbald dies and his brother Aethelbert become king"),
("3480","0","0","0860","0","0","0866","King Aethelbert","King Aethelbert ( 860 - 866 ) {\\n}{\\n}860 - Aethelbert becomes King of Wessex following the death of his brother Aethelbald{\\n}860 - Winchester sacked by the Danes{\\n}865 - The Viking \'Great Heathen Army\' commanded by Halfdan and Ivar the Boneless lands i"),
("3481","0","0","0866","0","0","0871","King Aethelred","King Aethelred I ( 866 - 871 ) {\\n}{\\n}866 - Aethelred becomes king on the death of his brother Aethelbert{\\n}869 - Edmund King of East Anglia resists the Vikings and is killed{\\n}870 - Aethelred defeated by the Danes (Vikings) at Reading{\\n}871 - Aethelr"),
("3482","0","0","0871","0","0","0899","King Alfred","King Alfred the Great ( 871 - 899 ) {\\n}{\\n}{\\n}871 - Alfred becomes King of Wessex following the death of his brother Aethelred{\\n}872 - London falls to Viking raiders{\\n}875 - After persistent attacks by Vikings the monks of Lindesfarne travel through N"),
("3483","0","0","0899","0","0","0925","King Edward The Elder","King Edward The Elder ( 899 - 925 ) {\\n}{\\n}901 - Edward the Elder takes the title \"King of the Angles and Saxons\"{\\n}913 - Edward the Elder recaptures Essex from the Danes"),
("3484","0","0","0925","0","0","0940","King Athelstan","King Athelstan ( 925 - 940 ) {\\n}{\\n}926 - Athelstan annexes Northumbria, and forces the kings of Wales, Strathclyde, the Picts, and the Scots to submit to him{\\n}937 - Battle of Brunanburh: Athelstan defeats alliance of Scots, Celts, Danes, and Vikings,"),
("3485","0","0","0945","0","0","0946","King Edmund","King Edmund ( 940 - 946 ) {\\n}{\\n}945 - Dunstan becomes abbot of Glastonbury{\\n}946 - Edmund killed at Pucklechurch"),
("3486","0","0","0946","0","0","0955","King Edred","King Edred ( 946 - 955 ) {\\n}{\\n}954 - Expulsion of Eric Bloodaxe, last Danish king of York"),
("3487","0","0","0955","0","0","0959","King Edwy (Eadwig)","King Edwy (Eadwig) ( 955 - 959 ) {\\n}{\\n}956 - Dunstan sent into exile by Edwy{\\n}957 - Mercians and Northumbrians rebel against Edwy"),
("3488","0","0","0959","0","0","0975","King Edgar","King Edgar ( 959 - 975 ) {\\n}{\\n}959 - England united under Edgar{\\n}973 - Northern Kings submit to Edgar at Chester"),
("3489","0","0","0975","0","0","0978","King Edward The Martyr","{\\n}King Edward The Martyr ( 975 - 978 ) {\\n}{\\n}978 - Edward the Martyr murdered at Corfe Castle"),
("3490","0","0","0978","0","0","1016","King Aethelred II The Unready","King Aethelred II The Unready ( 978 - 1016 ) {\\n}{\\n}980 - Danes renew their raids on England attacking Chester and Southampton{\\n}991 - Battle of Maldon: Byrhtnoth of Essex is defeated by Danish invaders; Aethelred II buys off the Danes with 10,000 pound"),
("3491","0","0","1016","0","0","1016","King Edmund II Ironside","{\\n}King Edmund II lronside ( 1016 ) {\\n}{\\n}1016 - Edmund Ironside, son of Aethelred II the Unready of England, becomes King. At the battle of Abingdon, in Essex, King Canute II of Denmark defeats Edmund. They meet on the Isle of Alney in the Severn and"),
("3492","0","0","1016","0","0","1035","King Cnut (Canute)","King Cnut (Canute) ( 1016 - 1035 ) {\\n}{\\n}1017 - Canute marries Emma of Normandy, the widow of Ethelred II. Canute divides England into four earldoms - Northumbria Wessex, Mercia and East Anglia. {\\n}1027 - Canute make a pilgrimage to Rome to demonstrate"),
("3493","0","0","1035","0","0","1040","King Harold I Harefoot","King Harold I Harefoot ( 1035 - 1040 ) {\\n}{\\n}1035 - Canute\'s son Harold Harefoot usurps the throne from his half-brother, Harthacanute, the rightful heir."),
("3494","0","0","1040","0","0","1042","King Harthacnut","King Harthacnut ( 1040 - 1042 ) {\\n}{\\n}1040 - Harold Harefoot dies and Harthacanute accedes to the throne"),
("3495","0","0","1042","0","0","1066","King Edward The Confessor","King Edward The Confessor ( 1042 - 1066 ) {\\n}{\\n}1042 - Harthacanute dies and is succeded by Edward the Confessor, son of Aethelred II.{\\n}1051 - Edward marries Edith daughter of Earl Godwine of Wessex, but quarrels with Godwine and banishes the rebellio"),
("3496","0","0","1066","0","0","1066","King Harold","King Harold II ( 1066 ) {\\n}{\\n}1066 - Harold II fights a Viking force under Harold Hadrada and defeats them at Stamford Bridge. He hastily marches South at the news that William Duke of Normandy with 100 ships had landed on Penvensey Bay and marched into"),
("3497","1","6","1066","6","1","1066","Edward the Confessor dies","6th January 1066 Edward the Confessor Dies - Harold 11 reigned for 9 months"),
("3498","9","25","1066","25","9","1066","Battle of Stamford Bridge","Harold 11 defeats Norwegian invasion"),
("3499","10","14","1066","0","0","1087","King William I The Conqueror","1066 - William and his Norman army defeat Harold II and the Saxons at the Battle of Hastings. Harold is killed and, after subduing the rest of the country, William is crowned King of England.{\\n}1067 - William suppresses a Saxon revolt in the southwest of"),
("3500","10","14","1066","14","10","1066","Invasion of England","Invasion of England by Duke William of Normanduy{\\n}Battle of Hastings"),
("3501","12","25","1066","25","12","1066","William crowned King of England at Winchester"," "),
("3502","0","0","1069","0","0","1069","King Malcolm Canmore of Scotland marries Margaret (St. Margaret)"," "),
("3503","0","0","1071","0","0","1071","Norman conquest of England complete"," "),
("3504","0","0","1072","0","0","1072","King Malcolm 111 of Scotland submitted to William the Conqueror c 1070","Re-construction of Canterbury Cathedral begins: The Saxon Cathedral burned down in 1067.{\\n}Lanfrac, frist Norman Archbishop, restored and enlarged it\'s buildings between 1067 and 1077{\\n}A new Quire was consecrated in 1130 but burned down in 1174, four y"),
("3505","0","0","1079","0","0","1079","Construction of Winchester Cathedral begins (consectraed in 1093 but not completed until 1404"," "),
("3506","0","0","1081","0","0","1081","Building of Tower of London starts (others say 1067)"," "),
("3507","0","0","1086","0","0","1086","Compilation of Domesday Book"," "),
("3508","0","0","1087","0","0","1100","King William II","King William II Rufus ( 1087 - 1100 ) {\\n}{\\n}1087 - William Il accedes to the throne on the death of his father, William I.{\\n}1088 - William crushes a baronial rebellion in Normandy led by his uncle, Odo of Bayenx, William\'s brother, Robert supports the"),
("3509","0","0","1098","0","0","1098","Expedition of Magnus Barelegs to Scottish coasts"," "),
("3510","0","0","1100","0","0","1135","King Henry I","King Henry I ( 1100 - 1135 ) {\\n}{\\n}1100 - Henry I succeeds his brother, William II.{\\n}1100 - Henry issues a Charter of Liberties, pledging good governance.{\\n}1100 - Henry marries Edith known as Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. {\\n}1101 -"),
("3511","0","0","1102","0","0","1102","Synod of Westminster under St. Anselm forbids clergy to marry"," "),
("3512","0","0","1110","0","0","1110","Introductions in England of Pipe Rolls, recording exchequer payments"," "),
("3513","0","0","1120","0","0","1120","First reference in Scotland to Burghs and Sheriffs"," "),
("3514","0","0","1135","0","0","1154","King Stephen","{\\n}King Stephen ( 1135 - 1154 ) {\\n}1135 - Stephen usurps the throne from Matilda, Henry 1\'s daughter.{\\n}1136 - The Earl of Norfolk leads the first rebellion against Stephen.{\\n}1138 - Robert, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I, deserts"),
("3515","0","0","1138","0","0","1138","Battle of The Standard"," "),
("3516","0","0","1154","0","0","1189","King Henry II","King Henry II ( 1154 - 1189 ) {\\n}{\\n}1154 - Henry II accedes to the throne at the age of 21 upon the death of his second cousin, Stephen.{\\n}1155 - Henry appoints Thomas a Becket as Chancellor of England, a post that he holds for seven years.{\\n}1155 - P"),
("3517","12","4","1154","1","9","1159","Nicholas Breakspear (Adrian IV) becomes only English Pope. Died 1.9.1159."," "),
("3518","0","0","1163","0","0","1163","Danegeld tax abolished"," "),
("3519","0","0","1166","0","0","1166","Establishment of trial by jury"," "),
("3520","12","29","1170","29","12","1170","Murder of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury Cathedral"," "),
("3521","0","0","1172","0","0","1172","Pope decrees that Henry II of England is feudal lord of Ireland"," "),
("3522","0","0","1175","0","0","1175","Treaty of Falaise signed - William the Lyon surrenders Scottish crown to King Henry II of England"," "),
("3523","0","0","1176","0","0","1209","London Bridge construction in stone started (from tax on wool) completed 1209"," "),
("3524","0","0","1189","0","0","1199","Richard I \'Lionheart\' becomes King of England. Dies 1199. -","Acknowledges the independence of Scotland.{\\n}1.9.1189, Legal Memory dates from accession of Richard I"),
("3525","0","0","1189","0","0","1199","King Richard I The Lion Heart","King Richard I The Lion Heart ( 1189 - 1199 ) {\\n}{\\n}1189 - Richard I becomes King of England upon the death of Henry II{\\n}1189 - William Longchamp is appointed Chancellor of England and governs the country during Richard\'s absence abroad{\\n}1189 - Rich"),
("3526","0","0","1190","0","0","1280","\'Early English\' Gothic period in English architecture"," "),
("3527","0","0","1199","0","0","1216","King John","{\\n}King John ( 1199 - 1216 ) {\\n}{\\n}1199 - John accedes to the throne on the death of his brother, Richard I.{\\n}1204 - England loses most of its possessions in France.{\\n}1205 - John refuses to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury{\\n}1208"),
("3528","6","15","1215","15","6","1215","Magna Carta signed at Runnymede by King John","First Lord Mayor\'s Show in London"),
("3529","0","0","1216","0","0","1272","King Henry II","King Henry III ( 1216 - 1272 ) {\\n}{\\n}1216 - Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal{\\n}1222 - De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the Frenc"),
("3530","0","0","1220","0","0","1343","Start of building of York Minster:  Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220","working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i"),
("3531","0","0","1222","0","0","1222","Introduction of poll tax in England","King Alexander II of Scotland conquers Argyll"),
("3532","0","0","1228","0","0","1228","First recorded mention of the Royal Mint"," "),
("3533","0","0","1231","0","0","1231","Cambridge University organised and grantred Royal Charter"," "),
("3534","0","0","1237","0","0","1237","Treaty of York signed"," "),
("3535","0","0","1247","0","0","1247","Foundation of Bedlam (Bethleham Hospital), London by Simon Fitzmary"," "),
("3536","0","0","1248","0","0","1248","Charter granted to Oxford University by Henry II","c 1250 Royal Proclamation by Henry II are first government documents issued in English"),
("3537","0","0","1263","0","0","1263","Battle of Largs Ayrshire","King Alexander defeats Norwegian invaders under King Haakon"),
("3538","0","0","1264","0","0","1264","First recorded reference to Justice of the Peace in England"," "),
("3539","0","0","1265","0","0","","Start of English Parliament"," "),
("3540","0","0","1266","0","0","1266","Western Isles acquired by Scotland"," "),
("3541","0","0","1272","0","0","1307","King Edward I Longshanks","{\\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\\n}{\\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely"),
("3542","0","0","1280","0","0","1370","\'Decorated\' Gothic period in English architecture"," "),
("3543","0","0","1283","0","0","1283","Annexation of Wales to England"," "),
("3544","0","0","1290","26","9","1290","Death of \'maid of Norway\' heiress to the Scotish crown","Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\\n}House of: Canmore{\\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\\n}Crowned: Not crowne"),
("3545","0","0","1291","0","0","1292","Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland","between some eleven \'competitors\' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed"),
("3546","0","0","1292","0","0","1292","King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)"," "),
("3547","0","0","1295","0","0","1295","signing of the \"Auld Alliance\" between Scotland and France","one of the world\'s oldest mutual defence treaties"),
("3548","0","0","1296","0","0","1296","Annexation of Scotland by England","Scotlands Coronation Stone the \"Stone of Destiny\" or \"Stone of Scone\" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily \'returned\' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\\n}Beginni"),
("3549","0","0","1297","0","0","1297","Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army."," "),
("3550","0","0","1298","0","0","1298","Battle of Falkirk"," "),
("3551","2","7","1301","7","2","1302","Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales","He became King Edward II"),
("3552","0","0","1305","0","0","1305","Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace"," "),
("3553","0","0","1306","0","0","1306","Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots"," "),
("3554","0","0","1307","0","0","1327","King Edward II","King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\\n}{\\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\\n}1308 - Edward\'s favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\\n}1310 - Parli"),
("3555","6","24","1314","24","6","1314","Battle of Bannockburn","Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\\n}Resulted in Scottish independence"),
("3556","0","0","1320","0","0","1320","Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence"," "),
("3557","0","0","1326","0","0","1326","First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth"," "),
("3558","0","0","1327","0","0","1377","King Edward III","King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\\n}{\\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer"),
("3559","0","0","1327","0","0","1327","Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England"," "),
("3560","0","0","1328","0","0","1328","Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland"," "),
("3561","0","0","1329","0","0","1329","Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots"," "),
("3562","0","0","1346","0","0","1346","Battle of Neville\'s Cross; English capture King David II"," "),
("3563","0","0","1348","0","0","1348","Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England","Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense"),
("3564","0","0","1349","0","0","1349","Black Death reaches England"," "),
("3565","0","0","1351","0","0","1351","Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels"," "),
("3566","0","0","1362","0","0","1362","English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts","Quarter Sessions established by statute"),
("3567","0","0","1366","0","0","1366","Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish","Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed"),
("3568","0","0","1370","0","0","1370","\'Perpendicular\' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550"," "),
("3569","0","0","1371","0","0","1371","Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots"," "),
("3570","0","0","1377","0","0","1399","King Richard II","{\\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\\n}{\\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King\'s uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f"),
("3571","0","0","1381","0","0","1381","Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380"," "),
("3572","0","0","1382","0","0","1382","First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe"," "),
("3573","0","0","1383","99","99","9999","Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury"," "),
("3574","0","0","1387","0","0","1400","Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)"," "),
("3575","0","0","1388","0","0","1388","Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)"," "),
("3576","0","0","1397","0","0","1397","Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London","He was Lord Mayor 4 times"),
("3577","0","0","1399","0","0","1413","King Henry IV","King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\\n}{\\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel"),
("3578","0","0","1399","0","0","1399","Deposition of King Richard II","Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty"),
("3579","0","0","1412","0","0","1412","Foundation of the University of St Andrews"," "),
("3580","0","0","1413","0","0","1422","King Henry V","King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\\n}{\\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun"),
("3581","10","25","1415","25","10","1415","Battle of Agincourt","St. Crispin\'s Day"),
("3582","0","0","1422","0","0","1461","King Henry VI","{\\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\\n}{\\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen"),
("3583","0","0","1422","0","0","1422","Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England","He was 9 months old"),
("3584","0","0","1431","0","0","1431","Death of Joan of Arc"," "),
("3585","2","20","1437","20","2","1437","Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth","James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl."),
("3586","0","0","1451","0","0","1451","University of Glasgow founded"," "),
("3587","7","17","1453","17","7","1453","End of the Hundred Years War","The Hundred Years\' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\\n}Gutenberg pri"),
("3588","0","0","1455","0","0","1455","Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland"," "),
("3589","0","0","1457","0","0","1457","First recorded mention of golf in Scotland"," "),
("3590","8","3","1460","3","8","1460","King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso"," "),
("3591","0","0","1461","0","0","1483","King Edward IV","King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\\n}{\\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, \"The Kingmaker\", in succession to Henry VI.{\\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com"),
("3592","0","0","1465","0","0","1465","Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames"," "),
("3593","0","0","1468","0","0","1468","Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland"," "),
("3594","0","0","1472","0","0","1472","St. Andrews made a bishopric"," "),
("3595","0","0","1476","0","0","1476","Caxton sets up press in Westminster"," "),
("3596","0","0","1483","0","0","1483","King Edward V","King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\\n}{\\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were"),
("3597","0","0","1483","0","0","1485","King Richard III","{\\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\\n}{\\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber"),
("3598","0","0","1484","0","0","1484","Introduction of bail","for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes"),
("3599","0","0","1485","0","0","1509","King Henry VII","King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\\n}{\\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\\n}1487 - Henry crushes a"),
("3600","0","0","1485","22","8","1485","Battle of Bosworth Field","King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard"),
("3601","0","0","1495","0","0","1495","Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King\'s College)"," "),
("3602","0","0","1497","0","0","1497","Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes"," "),
("3603","0","0","1503","0","0","1503","Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor"," "),
("3604","0","0","1505","0","0","1505","Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh"," "),
("3605","0","0","1507","0","0","1507","First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar"," "),
("3606","0","0","1509","0","0","1509","Naturalisation papers start in England","Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547)"),
("3607","0","0","1509","0","0","1547","King Henry VIII","{\\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\\n}{\\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\\n}1513 - The"),
("3608","0","0","1512","0","0","1512","Admiralty founded in London","the \"Auld Alliance\" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa"),
("3609","0","0","1513","9","9","1513","Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army","Death of King James IV of Scots"),
("3610","0","0","1514","0","0","1514","Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland"," "),
("3611","10","31","1517","31","10","1517","Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg","regarded as start of the Reformation"),
("3612","0","0","1529","0","0","1529","Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant"," "),
("3613","0","0","1532","0","0","1532","Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland"," "),
("3614","0","0","1534","0","0","1534","Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII)"," "),
("3615","0","0","1536","0","0","1536","Dissolution of monastries starts in England"," "),
("3616","0","0","1538","0","0","1538","English and Welsh parish registers start"," "),
("3617","0","0","1540","0","0","1540","Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed","9th February - First recorded horse racing event in Britain at Chester"),
("3618","0","0","1541","0","0","1541","Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland"," "),
("3619","0","0","1542","0","0","1542","Ther Rout of Solway Moss and the death of King James V of Scots"," "),
("3620","0","0","1544","0","0","1545","Mary of Guise Regent of Scotland","Henrys VIII \"Rough Wooing\" of the Scottish Borders"),
("3621","0","0","1547","0","0","1553","King Edward VI","King Edward VI ( 1547 - 1553 ) {\\n}{\\n}1547 - Edward VI accedes to the throne at the age of nine after the death of his father, Henry VIII.{\\n}1547 - Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, uncle of Edward VI, is invested as Duke of Somerset and Protector of En"),
("3622","0","0","1547","0","0","1547","English replaced Latin in chruch services in England and Wales","Battle of Pinkie{\\n}The injuction to keep parish register reiterated{\\n}Death of Henry VIII (Edward VI to 1553)"),
("3623","0","0","1549","0","0","1549","9th June First Book of Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament","Wedding ring finger changed from right to left{\\n}First Act of Uniformity in Engalnd made Catholic Mass illegal{\\n}English Parliament declares enclosures legal"),
("3624","0","0","1550","0","0","1550","Walloon Protestants arrive as refuges from the Low Countries"," "),
("3625","0","0","1551","0","0","1551","Scotland: General Provincial Council orders","each parish to keep a register of Baptisms and banns of marriage"),
("3626","0","0","1553","0","0","1558","Queen Mary I","Queen Mary I ( 1553 - 1558 ) {\\n}{\\n}1553 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen by the Protector, the Duke of Northumberland. After nine days, Mary arrives in London, Lady Jane Grey is arrested, and Mary is crowned Queen.{\\n}1554 - After Mary declares her"),
("3627","0","0","1554","0","0","1558","Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor"," "),
("3628","0","0","1555","0","0","1555","Michel Nostradamus publishes his prophecies"," "),
("3629","0","0","1557","0","0","1557","The First Covenant signed in Scotland","(Foundation of the Presbyterian Church)"),
("3630","0","0","1558","0","0","1603","Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins","System of Counties adopted"),
("3631","0","0","1558","0","0","1558","Scottish parish registers start","Chancery Proceedings Indexes begin"),
("3632","0","0","1558","0","0","1603","Queen Elizabeth I","Elizabeth I ( 1558 - 1603 ) {\\n}{\\n}1558 - Elizabeth accedes to the throne on the death of her half-sister, Mary.{\\n}1559 - Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in January.{\\n}1559 - Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore the Prote"),
("3633","0","0","1559","0","0","1559","John Knox returns from Continent","Strenghtens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland"),
("3634","0","0","1560","0","0","1560","Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland","commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost"),
("3635","0","0","1562","0","0","1562","African slave trade starts"," "),
("3636","0","0","1563","0","0","1563","Papal recusants heavily fined for non-attendance at Church","The Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from government offices"),
("3637","0","0","1565","0","0","1565","Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Darley"," "),
("3638","0","0","1566","0","0","1566","Murder of Riccio in Holyrood House"," "),
("3639","0","0","1567","0","0","1567","Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion","Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Bothwell{\\n}Earliest date in the French Protestant and Walloon registers"),
("3640","0","0","1568","0","0","1568","Battle of Langside","Mary\'s flight into England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I"),
("3641","0","0","1571","0","0","1571","Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England","Opening of the Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham"),
("3642","0","0","1571","0","0","1572","Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright"," "),
("3643","0","0","1574","0","0","1738","Colonial State Papers published","continued to 1738"),
("3644","0","0","1578","0","0","1578","Earliest Quaker registers begin"," "),
("3645","0","0","1579","0","0","1579","Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced"," "),
("3646","0","0","1580","0","0","1580","Colonisation of Ireland","Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time"),
("3647","0","0","1582","0","0","1582","Gregorian calendar introduced in some couontires:","Spain and Portugal, France, Low Countries, part of Italy, Denmark"),
("3648","0","0","1583","0","0","1583","Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas","University of Edinburgh founded"),
("3649","0","0","1585","0","0","1585","Foundation of Oxford University Press","Shakespeare started seriously to write about this time"),
("3650","0","0","1587","0","0","1587","Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by English at Fotheringay Castle near Peterborough","11th August; Raleigh\'s second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents, Virginia Dare (August 18th){\\n}Introduction of potatoes to England"),
("3651","0","0","1588","0","0","1588","29th July Defeat of the Spanish Armada","(had set sail from Lisbon 20th May){\\n}Invention of shorthand by Dr. Timothy Bright"),
("3652","0","0","1592","0","0","1592","A congregational (or Independant) Church formed in London.","Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all minsters equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown"),
("3653","0","0","1593","0","0","1593","British statute mile established by law"," "),
("3654","0","0","1597","0","0","1597","Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor -","Poor Rate collection allowed"),
("3655","0","0","1598","0","0","1598","Bishops transcript of English and Welsh parish registers start [some say 1597]","Edict of Nantes gives Huguentots toleration if France"),
("3656","0","0","1600","0","0","1600","Memoirs of Officers of the Royal Navy begin"," "),
("3657","0","0","1601","0","0","1601","Great English Poor Law passed","First us of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster{\\n}Easst India Company formed"),
("3658","0","0","1603","0","0","1625","King James I","King James I ( 1603 - 1625 ) {\\n}{\\n}1603 - James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England, Scotland, and Ireland after the death of Elizabeth I.{\\n}1603 - The Millenary Petition is presented to James I. It expresses Puritan desires for reforms to t"),
("3659","0","0","1603","0","0","1603","24th March - Death of Queen Elizabeth I","union of Scottish and English crowns under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)"),
("3660","0","0","1605","0","0","1605","Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes)"," "),
("3661","0","0","1606","0","0","1606","12th April Adoption of Union Jack as the flag of \"Great Britain\"","The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia{\\n}Episcopacy established in Scotland (against the wishes of the Scots"),
("3662","0","0","1607","0","0","1607","Flight of the Earls - leading Ulster families go into exile"," "),
("3663","0","0","1610","0","0","1610","James VI established the Episcopal Church in Scotland -","Presbyterians persecuted and many of their records lost"),
("3664","0","0","1611","0","0","1611","Plantation of Ulster with English and Scottish colonists","Authorised (King James) version of Bible in England{\\n}James VI and I created the title Baronet"),
("3665","0","0","1616","0","0","1616","Death of Shakespeare (23rd April)"," "),
("3666","0","0","1617","0","0","1617","Register of Sasines (Land Leases) established in Scotland -","record of the transfer of land and property"),
("3667","0","0","1620","0","0","1620","The Mayflower reaches America","- December 21st - founds Plymouth New England.{\\n}Manufacture of coke patented by Dud Dudley"),
("3668","0","0","1621","0","0","1621","Chimneys to be made of brick and be four and half feet above roof","Shakespear\'s First Polio published"),
("3669","0","0","1622","0","0","1622","First Englaish Newspaper appears"," "),
("3670","0","0","1624","0","0","1624","Monopoly Act in England - patents protected"," "),
("3671","0","0","1625","0","0","1649","King Charles I","King Charles I ( 1625 - 1649 ) {\\n}{\\n}1625 - Charles I succeeds his father, James I.{\\n}1626 - Parliament attempts to impeach the Duke of Buckingham and is dissolved by Charles.{\\n}1627 - England goes to war with France, but at La Rochelle the Duke of Bu"),
("3672","0","0","1625","0","0","1625","The size of bricks standardised in England around this time","Death of King James VI and I"),
("3673","0","0","1625","0","0","1649","Carolean Age"," "),
("3674","0","0","1629","0","0","1629","Parliament desolved by King Charles I -","did not meet for another 11 years"),
("3675","0","0","1630","0","0","1750","Renaissance Period - Art and Antiques"," "),
("3676","0","0","1630","0","0","1750","Baroque Period (Art and Antiques)"," "),
("3677","0","0","1635","0","0","1635","Letter Office of England and Scotland started","Flintlock invented this time"),
("3678","0","0","1636","0","0","1636","Hackney Carriages in use by now in London"," "),
("3679","0","0","1637","0","0","1637","Scottish Prayer Book published"," "),
("3680","0","0","1638","0","0","1638","Charles regarded protests against the prayer book as treason","forced scots fgo choose between their church and the King - a \"Covenant\", swearing to resist changes to the death, was signed in Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousandsof Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)"),
("3681","0","0","1639","0","0","1639","Act of Toleration in England established religious tolerance"," "),
("3682","0","0","1641","0","0","1641","Charles I policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England -","Charles I and the English Parliament scknowledge the Presbyterian Church in Scotland"),
("3683","0","0","1642","0","0","1642","22nd August - Charles I raises his standard at Nottinngham -","First Civil War in England (to 1649) - first engagement at Edgehill - {\\n}Scottish Covenanters side with the English rebels who take power -{\\n}the Earl of Montrose sided with King Chalres, strife spilled into Scotland{\\n}The Civil Ward interrupted the ke"),
("3684","0","0","1643","0","0","1643","Solomn League and Covenrant signed in Scotland"," "),
("3685","0","0","1644","0","0","1644","Earlist Indepenent (Congregational) registers","Earliest Presbyterian registers"),
("3686","0","0","1645","0","0","1645","Battle of Philipburgh in Scotland","Inquisitions Post Mortem end{\\n}Acotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia -{\\n}Population of Scotland estimated at 420,000{\\n}Plague made its last appearance in Sc"),
("3687","0","0","1646","0","0","1646","20th June: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford"," "),
("3688","0","0","1647","0","0","1647","Earliest Baptist registers survive from this year"," "),
("3689","0","0","1649","0","0","1649","30th June: King Charles I executed","19th May: Commonwealth declared{\\n}Cromwell\'s Irish campaign starts{\\n}King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland"),
("3690","0","0","1649","0","0","1660","Commonwealth period - Oliver Cromwell"," "),
("3691","0","0","1650","0","0","1650","George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers)","Coffee brought to England about this time"),
("3692","0","0","1651","0","0","1652","The second English Civil War","Scottish prisoners transported to the English settlements in America"),
("3693","0","0","1653","0","0","1660","Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London"," "),
("3694","0","0","1653","0","0","1653","Commonwealther registers start","Commonwealth changed into Cromwell\'s Protectorate{\\n}Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell\'s opponents stripped of land (in Ireland?)"),
("3695","0","0","1657","0","0","1657","Post Office established by Act of Parliament (others say 1660)","A few Jews permitted to settle in England"),
("3696","0","0","1658","0","0","1658","Death of Oliver Cromwell"," "),
("3697","0","0","1658","0","0","1660","Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector"," "),
("3698","0","0","1659","0","0","1659","6th February - date of first known cheque to be drawn"," "),
("3699","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","1st January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary","29th May - Restoration of British Monarchy - Oak Apple Day - Theartres reopened{\\n}Commonwealth registers ended, Parish registers resumed{\\n}Provincial Probate Courtds re-established{\\n}Oct: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn - Thomas H"),
("3700","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","Quaker-Scottish colony was established in East New Jersey"," "),
("3701","0","0","1660","0","0","1685","King Charles II","King Charles II ( 1660 - 1685 ) {\\n}{\\n}1660 - Charles returns to England from Holland and is restored to the throne.{\\n}1662 - Act of Uniformity compels Puritans to accept the doctrines of the Church of England or leave the church.{\\n}1665 - Outbreak of"),
("3702","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","Restoration Period"," "),
("3703","0","0","1661","0","0","1661","Persectution of Non-Conformists in England","Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland{\\n}Board of Trade founded in London{\\n}Hand-struck postage stamps first used{\\n}Corporation Act prevents non-anglicans from holding municipal office"),
("3704","0","0","1662","0","0","1662","Hearth Tax","Poor Relief Act \"Act of Settlement\" - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin{\\n}Act of Uniformity - about 2,00 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyerians and Independants){\\n}Persectution"),
("3705","0","0","1663","0","0","1663","Earliest Roman Cathilic registers"," "),
("3706","0","0","1665","0","0","1665","Great Plague of London"," "),
("3707","0","0","1666","0","0","1666","2nd to 6th September; Great Fire of London,","after a drought beginning 27th June{\\n}Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester{\\n}Act of Parliament - burials to be in woollen"),
("3708","0","0","1666","0","0","1689","Considerable religious unrest on Scotland (The Covenanteers)","Covenanteers Rising at St. John\'s Town of Dalry"),
("3709","0","0","1669","0","0","1669","Earliest Lutheran registers survive from this year"," "),
("3710","0","0","1670","0","0","1670","Earliest Synagogue registers - Bevis Marks"," "),
("3711","0","0","1672","0","0","1672","High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland","War with Holland - British Army increased to 10,000 men"),
("3712","0","0","1673","0","0","1673","First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office"," "),
("3713","0","0","1675","0","0","1675","Beginning of Whig Party under Shaftsbury","10th August; Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started"),
("3714","0","0","1677","0","0","1677","Lee\'s \"Collection of Names of Merchants in London\" published"," "),
("3715","0","0","1678","0","0","1678","Extension of Test Act to peers"," "),
("3716","0","0","1679","0","0","1679","27th May: Haveas Corpus Act became law in England","(Later repealed from time to time){\\n}Tories first so named{\\n}Battle of Bothwell Brig in Scotland{\\n}Buriel in Woolen more strictly enforced"),
("3717","0","0","1680","0","0","1680","William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post"," "),
("3718","0","0","1680","0","0","1770","Chinoiserie Period (Art and Antiques)"," "),
("3719","0","0","1681","0","0","1681","Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament","Oil lighting first used in London streets."),
("3720","0","0","1682","0","0","1682","Pennsylvania founded by William Penn","Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland"),
("3721","0","0","1683","0","0","1683","6th June: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum on Britain"," "),
("3722","0","0","1684","0","0","1684","Presbyterian settlement in Stuart\'s Town in South Carolina","Huguenot registers begin in London"),
("3723","0","0","1685","0","0","1685","Earl of Argyll\'s invasion of Scotland","James II (1689-1689 died 1701){\\n}Monmouth Rebellion and Battle of Sedgemoor{\\n}British Army raised to 20,000 men{\\n}Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported{\\n}Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - drove thousands of Proestants"),
("3724","0","0","1685","0","0","1688","King James II","King James II ( 1685 - 1688 ) {\\n}{\\n}1685 - James succeeds his brother, Charles II.{\\n}1685 - Rebellion of the Earl of Argyll in Scotland designed to place the Duke of Monmouth, Charles II\'s illegitimate son, on the throne is crushed and Argyll is execut"),
("3725","0","0","1686","0","0","1686","Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs"," "),
("3726","0","0","1688","0","0","1688","February: Edward Lloyds Coffee House - later became Lloyd\'s of London","November: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates{\\n}William of Orange lands in England{\\n}William of Hanover and Mary daughter of James II, jointly take the throne - (only William, however, has regal power){\\n}British Army raised to 40,000{\\n}Bill of"),
("3727","0","0","1689","0","0","1702","King William III and Queen Mary II","King William III and Queen Mary II ( 1689 - 1702 ) {\\n}{\\n}1689 - Parliament draws up the Declaration of Right detailing the unconstitutional acts of James II. William and Mary become joint sovereigns.{\\n}1689 - Bill of Rights is passed in Parliament.{\\n}"),
("3728","0","0","1689","0","0","1689","Deposed James VII and II flees to Ireland","Defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1690){\\n}Earliest Royal Dutch Chapel registers{\\n}Seige of Londonderry{\\n}Toleration Act for Protestant non-conformists{\\n}Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland"),
("3729","0","0","1690","0","0","1690","Great Synagogue founded","Presbyterian fonally established in Scotland{\\n}Battle of the Boyne"),
("3730","0","0","1691","0","0","1691","Earliest date in known German Lutheran registers"," "),
("3731","0","0","1692","0","0","1692","The Massacre of Glencoe","Clan Campbell side with the king and murder members of the Clan McDonald (1691?)"),
("3732","0","0","1692","0","0","1692","French intention to invade England came to naught"," "),
("3733","0","0","1694","0","0","1694","National Deb came into effect in England","Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot){\\n}Triennial Act"),
("3734","0","0","1694","0","0","1699","Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane"," "),
("3735","0","0","1695","0","0","1695","Freedom of the Press","Bank of Scotland founded{\\n}Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed in 1706){\\n}Start of \"Dissenters\" lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish churc"),
("3736","0","0","1696","0","0","1696","Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses","Education Act passed by Scottish Parliament{\\n}Window Tax (replaced Hearth Tax) increased in 1747; abolished in 1851)"),
("3737","0","0","1697","0","0","1697","2nd December - Official opening of St Paul\'s Cathedral"," "),
("3738","0","0","1698","0","0","1698","Invention of steam engine by Captain Thomas Savery","Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama{\\n}Duties (Taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years"),
("3739","0","0","1701","0","0","1701","Act of Parliament bars Catholice from the British throne"," "),
("3740","0","0","1702","0","0","1702","8th March - Anne Stuart becomes Queen","11th March - First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735){\\n}War of Spanish Succession (1702- 1713)"),
("3741","0","0","1702","0","0","1714","Queen Anne","Queen Anne ( 1702 - 1714 ) {\\n}{\\n}1702 - Anne succeeds her brother-in-law, William III.{\\n}1702 - England declares war on France in the War of the Spanish Succession{\\n}1704 - English, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under Marlborough defeat the French at"),
("3742","0","0","1702","0","0","1714","Queen Ann Period (Art & Antiques)"," "),
("3743","0","0","1703","0","0","1703","Repeal of Duties on entries in Parish Registers","Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military"),
("3744","0","0","1705","0","0","1705","First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newman"," "),
("3745","0","0","1707","0","0","1707","1st January - Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading pri","Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March{\\n}1st May - English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - {\\n}the Kingdom of Great Britian established{\\n}Last use of veto by a British sovereign"),
("3746","0","0","1708","0","0","1708","First Jacobite rising in Scotland","Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls"),
("3747","0","0","1709","0","0","1709","First Copyright Act passed"," "),
("3748","0","0","1710","0","0","1710","Tax on Apprentice Indentures"," "),
("3749","0","0","1711","0","0","1711","Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London"," "),
("3750","0","0","1712","0","0","1712","Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1835)","Last trial of witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham){\\n}Toleration Act passed{\\n}First relief to non-Anglicans{\\n}Patronage Act - patronage of ministers restored"),
("3751","0","0","1713","0","0","1713","Treaty of Utrecht concludes the Was of the Spanish Succession"," "),
("3752","0","0","1714","0","0","1714","1st August - Queen Anne Stuart died - George I Hanover becomes king","Chancery Proceedings filed under Six Clerics{\\n}Schism Act{\\n}Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism{\\n}Quater Sessions Records from this date often mention Protestant dissenters and Roman Cathilic Recusants"),
("3753","0","0","1714","0","0","1727","King George I","King George I ( 1714 - 1727 ) {\\n}{\\n}1714 - George I, the first Hanoverian King, succeeds his distant cousin, Anne.{\\n}1714 - A new Parliament is elected with a strong Whig majority led by Robert Walpole. {\\n}1715 - The Jacobite rising begins in Scotland"),
("3754","0","0","1715","0","0","1715","Riot Act passed","Second Jacobire rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender (the fifteenth)"),
("3755","0","0","1716","0","0","1716","The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption -","general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3"),
("3756","0","0","1717","0","0","1717","First Masonic Lodge opens in London"," "),
("3757","0","0","1719","0","0","1719","Third abortive Jacobite rising"," "),
("3758","0","0","1720","0","0","1720","Irish Famine"," "),
("3759","0","0","1720","0","0","1720","South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Esxchange Alley","Manufacturing towns start to0 increase in population - rise of new wealth"),
("3760","0","0","1721","0","0","1721","Robert Walpole (whig) becaomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)","Bailey\'s Northern Directory"),
("3761","0","0","1722","0","0","1722","Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland","Knatchbull\'s Act, poor law"),
("3762","0","0","1723","0","0","1723","Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate","The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching{\\n}The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse"),
("3763","0","0","1725","0","0","1726","Treaty of Hanover: France, Prussia, England v. Spain, Austria"," "),
("3764","0","0","1726","0","0","1726","First circulating library opened in Edinburgh","Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison"),
("3765","0","0","1727","0","0","1727","Board of Manufactoring established in Scotland","11th June George I died - George II Hanover becomes king"),
("3766","0","0","1727","0","0","1760","King George II","King George II ( 1727 - 1760 ) {\\n}{\\n}1727 - George succeeds his father, George I.{\\n}1732 - A royal charter is granted for the founding of Georgia in America.{\\n}1737 - Death of George\'s wife, Queen Caroline.{\\n}1738 - John and Charles Wesley start the"),
("3767","0","0","1729","0","0","1729","Methodists begin in Oxford"," "),
("3768","0","0","1730","0","0","1750","Rococo Period (Art and Antiques)"," "),
("3769","0","0","1731","0","0","1731","Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull","Invention of sextant by John Hadley"),
("3770","0","0","1732","0","0","1732","Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls"," "),
("3771","0","0","1733","0","0","1733","Excise crisis; Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine","Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax{\\n}Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years"),
("3772","0","0","1734","0","0","1734","Kent\'s Directory"," "),
("3773","0","0","1738","0","0","1738","Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers","John Wesley has his conversion experience"),
("3774","0","0","1739","0","0","1739","Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival"," "),
("3775","0","0","1741","0","0","1741","Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodist or Inghamites","Earliest Moravian registers{\\n}Earliest Scotch Church registers"),
("3776","0","0","1742","0","0","1742","England goes to war with Spain -","incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for sake of trade"),
("3777","0","0","1742","0","0","1742","16th June Battle of Dettingen - last time British soveriegn (George II) led troops into battle"," "),
("3778","0","0","1744","0","0","1744","Church of Scotland split over taking of Burgess\' Oath","- Burghers and Anti Burghers{\\n}First Methodist Conference"),
("3779","0","0","1745","0","0","1745","Jacobite rebellion in Scotland (The Forty-Five)","August - Bonnie Prince Charlies (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender\'s army invades Perth, Edinburgh and England as far as Derby"),
("3780","4","16","1746","16","4","1746","Battle of Culloden","16th April - last battle fought in Britain - 5000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited"),
("3781","0","0","1747","0","0","1747","Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland","Act of Pacification of the Highlands"),
("3782","0","0","1748","0","0","1756","Couontess Huntington\'s (Calvanistic) Methodist Connexion founded"," "),
("3783","0","0","1750","0","0","1805","Neo-Classical Period (Art and Antiques)"," "),
("3784","0","0","1750","0","0","1770","Gothic Revival Period (Art and Antiques)"," "),
("3785","0","0","1752","0","0","1752","Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted","in England (3rd September) - making this September 14th - \"Give us back our 11 days!\"{\\n}Year standard to end 31st December (previously March 24)"),
("3786","0","0","1753","0","0","1753","Earliest Inghamite registers"," "),
("3787","0","0","1754","0","0","1754","Hardwicke Act (1753","Banns to be called and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used{\\n}Quakers and Jews Exempt{\\n}First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India{\\n}First printed Annual Army Lists"),
("3788","0","0","1755","0","0","1827","Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr, Johnson","Period of canal construction began in Britian"),
("3789","0","0","1756","0","0","1756","The Seven Year War with France (Pitt\'s trade was) begins"," "),
("3790","0","0","1757","0","0","1757","India - The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British -","but is defeated at the battle of Plassy {\\n}The East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive{\\n}Black Hole of Calcutta{\\n}The foundation laid for the Empire of India"),
("3791","0","0","1760","0","0","1820","King George III","King George III ( 1760 - 1820 ) {\\n}{\\n}1760 - George becomes king on the death of his grandfather, George II.{\\n}1762 - The Earl of Bute is appointed Prime Minister. Bute proves so unpopular that he needs to have a bodyguard.{\\n}1763 - Peace of Paris end"),
("3792","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","India stops being merely a commercial venture","England begins dominating itpolitically{\\n}The East India Comp-any retains its monopoly although is ceased to trade"),
("3793","0","0","1759","0","0","1759","British Museum opens to the public in London (15th Jan)","March The first predicted retunr of Halley\'s comet{\\n}Welsey builds 356 Methodist Chapels"),
("3794","0","0","1760","0","0","1760","George II dies (25th October)","George III Hanover, his grandson becomes king{\\n}The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called \"first Industrial Revolution\"{\\n}Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland{\\n}5th May First use of hangman\'s drop - last nobleman to be executed (La"),
("3795","0","0","1762","0","0","1762","Earliest Unitarian registers","France surrenders Canada and Florida{\\n}Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba"),
("3796","0","0","1763","0","0","1763","Treaty of Paris","gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - Newfoundland (fishing), Guadaloupe and Martinique (sugar), Dakar (gum) - but English displaces French as the International Language"),
("3797","0","0","1764","0","0","1764","Lloyd\'s Register of shipping first prepared"," "),
("3798","0","0","1765","0","0","1765","Stamp Act passed"," "),
("3799","0","0","1767","0","0","1767","First Iron railroads built for mines by John Wilkinson","Newcomen\'s steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt"),
("3800","0","0","1678","0","0","1678","The first edition of the \"Encyclopaedia Britiannica\" published -","in Edinburgh by William Smellie"),
("3801","0","0","1769","0","0","1769","Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)"," "),
("3802","0","0","1770","0","0","1770","Hargreave\'s jenny invented (textile production)","28th April - James Cook discovers New South Wales{\\n}Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications"),
("3803","0","0","1772","0","0","1772","Jundge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery (14th May)","in England{\\n}First Navy Lists published"),
("3804","0","0","1773","0","0","1858","East India Company governs Hindustan"," "),
("3805","0","0","1773","0","0","1773","Boston Tea Party (16 December)"," "),
("3806","0","0","1775","0","0","1775","Battle of Lexington","19th April - first action in American War of Independence (1775-1783{\\n}Irish unrest"),
("3807","0","0","1776","0","0","1776","American Declaration of Independence (July 4th)"," "),
("3808","0","0","1779","0","0","1779","Crompton\'s mule invented (Textile production)","First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson{\\n}First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland"),
("3809","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","4th May First Derby run at Epsom","2nd-8th June - Gordon Riots - Parl;iament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread{\\n}Earliest Wesleyan registers{\\n}Male Servants Tax{\\n}The English Reform Movement - until now, only"),
("3810","0","0","1092","0","0","1100","Bretislav II","Nephew of Konr d I, son of Vratislav II."),
("3811","0","0","1101","0","0","1107","Borivoj II","Brother of Bretislav II."),
("3812","0","0","1107","0","0","1109","Svatopluk Olomoucky (Sventopluk of Olomouc)","First cousin of Borivoj II."),
("3813","0","0","1109","0","0","1117","Vladislav I. (Vladislaus)","Brother of Borivoj II."),
("3814","0","0","1117","0","0","1120","Borivoj II","Second time"),
("3815","0","0","1120","0","0","1125","Vladislav I","Second time"),
("3816","0","0","1125","0","0","1140","Sobeslav I. (Sobeslaus)","Brother of Vladislav I."),
("3817","0","0","1140","0","0","1172","Vladislav II","Nephew of Sobeslav I, son of Duke Vladislav I. King 1158-1172 as Vladislav I."),
("3818","0","0","1172","0","0","1173","Bedrich (Frederick)","Son of Vladislav II."),
("3819","0","0","1173","0","0","1178","Sobeslav II","First cousin once removed of Bedrich, Son of Sobeslav I."),
("3820","0","0","1178","0","0","1189","Bedrich","Second time"),
("3821","0","0","1189","0","0","1191","Konr d II. Ota (Conrad-Otto)","Descendant of Konr d I."),
("3822","0","0","1191","0","0","1192","V clav II","Brother of Sobeslav II."),
("3823","0","0","1192","0","0","1193","Premysl I. Otakar (Ottokar I)","Son of Vladislav II."),
("3824","0","0","1193","0","0","1197","Jindrich Bretislav (Henry Bretislaus)","First cousin of Premysl I. Otakar."),
("3825","0","0","1197","0","0","1197","Vladislav (III.) Jindrich (Vladislaus III Henry)","Brother of Premysl I. Otakar."),
("3826","0","0","1197","0","0","1198","Premysl I. Otakar","Second time. Became King in 1198, and his descendants retained the title."),
("3827","0","0","1637","0","0","1638","Pequot War"," "),
("3828","7","4","1675","12","8","1676","King Philip\'s War","New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians"),
("3829","0","0","1689","0","0","1697","King William\'s War","English Colonies vs France"),
("3830","0","0","1702","0","0","1713","Queen Anne\'s War","English Colonies vs France"),
("3831","0","0","1723","0","0","1726","Drummer\'s War"," "),
("3832","0","0","1744","0","0","1748","King George\'s War","French Colonies vs Great Britain"),
("3833","0","0","1756","0","0","1763","French and Indian War","Also known as Seven Years War.  French Colonies vs Great Britain"),
("3834","0","0","1759","0","0","1761","Cherokee War","English Colonists vs Cherokee Indians"),
("3835","0","0","1775","0","0","1783","American Revolution","English Colonists vs Great Britain"),
("3836","0","0","1798","0","0","1800","Franco-American Naval War","United States vs France"),
("3837","0","0","1801","0","0","1805","Tripolitan War"," "),
("3838","0","0","1801","0","0","1805","Barbary Wars","Also fought in 1815.  United States vs Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli"),
("3839","0","0","1812","0","0","1815","War of 1812","United States vs Great Britain"),
("3840","0","0","1813","0","0","1814","Creek War","United States vs Creek Indians"),
("3841","0","0","1817","0","0","1898","Indian Wars"," "),
("3842","0","0","1818","0","0","1819","First Seminole War"," "),
("3843","0","0","1832","0","0","1836","Texas Revolutionary War","Texas vs Mexico"),
("3844","0","0","1835","0","0","1842","Second Seminole War"," "),
("3845","4","26","1846","2","2","1848","Mexican-American War"," "),
("3846","4","15","1861","9","4","1865","Civil War","Union vs Confederacy"),
("3847","4","21","1898","10","12","1898","Spanish-American War","United States vs Spain"),
("3848","6","1","1914","11","11","1918","World War I","Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917."),
("3849","9","1","1939","2","9","1945","World War II","Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan vs. Major Allied Powers: United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia"),
("3850","6","27","1950","27","7","1953","Korean War","United States (as part of the United Nations) and South Korea vs. North Korea and Communist China"),
("3851","0","0","1960","0","0","1975","Vietnam War","United States and South Vietnam vs North Vietnam"),
("3852","4","17","1961","19","4","1961","Bay of Pigs Invasion","United States vs Cuba"),
("3853","10","25","1983","31","10","1983","Grenada","United States Intervention"),
("3854","12","20","1989","3","1","1990","US Invasion of Panama","United States vs Panama"),
("3855","8","2","1990","28","2","1991","Persian Gulf War","United States and Coalition Forces vs Iraq"),
("3856","0","0","1995","0","0","1996","Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina","United States as part of NATO acted peacekeepers in former Yugoslavia"),
("3857","0","0","2003","1","5","2003","Invasion of Iraq","United States and Coalition Forces vs. Iraq"),
("3858","4","30","1789","4","3","1797","George Washington"," "),
("3859","3","4","1797","4","3","1801","John Adams"," "),
("3860","3","4","1801","4","3","1809","Thomas Jefferson"," "),
("3861","3","4","1809","4","3","1817","James Madison"," "),
("3862","3","4","1817","3","3","1825","James Monroe"," "),
("3863","3","4","1825","4","3","1829","John Quincy Adams"," "),
("3864","3","4","1829","4","3","1837","Andrew Jackson"," "),
("3865","3","4","1837","4","3","1841","Martin van Buren"," "),
("3866","3","4","1841","4","4","1841","William H. Harrison","William Henry Harrison succumbed to pneumonia"),
("3867","4","4","1841","4","3","1845","John Tyler","John Tyler the first vice president to succeed to the presidency due to death of a president"),
("3868","3","4","1845","5","3","1849","James Polk"," "),
("3869","3","5","1849","9","7","1850","Zachary Taylor","Zachary Taylor died while in office"),
("3870","7","10","1850","4","3","1853","Millard Fillmore","Millard Fillmore, vice president under Zachary Taylor, sworn in as president after Taylor\'s death"),
("3871","3","4","1853","4","3","1857","Franklin Pierce"," "),
("3872","3","4","1857","4","3","1861","James Buchanan"," "),
("3873","3","4","1861","15","4","1865","Abraham Lincoln","Abraham Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth on 14 Apr 1865 and dies the next day"),
("3874","4","15","1865","4","3","1869","Andrew Johnson","Andrew Johnson, vice president under Abraham Lincoln, sworn in as president upon Lincoln\'s death"),
("3875","3","4","1869","5","3","1877","Ulysses Grant"," "),
("3876","3","5","1877","4","3","1881","Rutherford Hayes"," "),
("3877","3","4","1881","19","9","1881","James Garfield","James Garfield wounded by assassin\'s bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies 19 Sep 1881"),
("3878","9","19","1881","4","3","1885","Chester A. Arthur","Chester A. Arthur, vice president under James Garfield, sworn in as president upon the death of Garfield"),
("3879","3","4","1885","4","3","1889","Grover Cleveland"," "),
("3880","3","4","1889","4","3","1893","Benjamin Harrison"," "),
("3881","3","4","1893","4","3","1897","Grover Cleveland"," "),
("3882","3","4","1897","14","9","1901","William McKinley","William McKinley dies in Buffalo, NY."),
("3883","9","14","1901","4","3","1909","Theodore Roosevelt","Theodore Roosevelt, vice president under William McKinley, sworn in as president upon death of McKinley"),
("3884","3","4","1909","4","3","1913","William Taft"," "),
("3885","3","4","1913","3","3","1921","Woodrow Wilson"," "),
("3886","3","4","1921","2","8","1921","Warren Harding","Warren Harding dies of an embolism in San Francisco. He had taken ill on 31 Jul 1921"),
("3887","8","3","1923","4","3","1929","Calvin Coolidge","Calvin Coolidge, vice president under Warren Harding, sworn in as president the day after Harding dies"),
("3888","3","4","1929","4","3","1933","Herbert Hoover"," "),
("3889","3","4","1933","12","4","1945","Franklin Roosevelt"," "),
("3890","4","12","1945","20","1","1953","Harry Truman"," "),
("3891","1","20","1953","20","1","1961","Dwight Eisenhower"," "),
("3892","1","20","1961","22","11","1963","John F. Kennedy","John F. Kennedy assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas"),
("3893","11","22","1963","20","1","1969","Lyndon B. Johnson","Lyndon B. Johnson, vice president under John F. Kennedy, sworn in as president aboard Air Force One upon death of Kennedy."),
("3894","1","20","1969","9","8","1974","Richard Nixon","Richard M Nixon first president to resign from office.  His decision was announced 8 Aug 1974"),
("3895","8","9","1974","20","1","1977","Gerald Ford"," "),
("3896","1","20","1977","20","1","1981","Jimmy Carter"," "),
("3897","1","20","1981","20","1","1989","Ronald Reagan"," "),
("3898","1","20","1989","20","1","1993","George H.W. Bush"," "),
("3899","1","20","1993","20","1","2001","William Jefferson Clinton"," "),
("3900","1","20","2001","20","1","2009","George W. Bush"," "),
("3903","7","13","1787","18","2","1803","Ohio Territory Organized"," "),
("3904","12","7","1787","7","12","1787","Delaware","1st State"),
("3905","12","12","1787","12","12","1787","Pennsylvania","2nd State"),
("3906","12","18","1787","18","12","1787","New Jersey","3rd State"),
("3907","1","2","1788","2","1","1788","Georgia","4th State"),
("3908","1","9","1788","9","1","1788","Connecticut","5th State"),
("3909","2","6","1788","6","2","1788","Massachusetts","6th State"),
("3910","4","28","1788","28","4","1788","Maryland","7th State"),
("3911","0","0","1782","0","0","1782","Gilbert\'s Act establishes outdoor poor relief -","t5he way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns{\\n}James Watt patents his steam engine"),
("3912","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","Duty on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794)","Montgolfier brothers launch first hot-air balloon{\\n}3rd Sept. Treaty of Versailles (England/US)"),
("3913","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","Pitt\'s India Act -","the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics{\\n}Wesley breaks with Church of England{\\n}First edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years){\\n}2 nd Aug. First Mail coaches in Engl"),
("3914","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)"," "),
("3915","0","0","1787","0","0","1787","Earliest known Swedenborgian (Church of the New Jerusalem or Jerusalemite) registers"," "),
("3916","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","26th January, First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New Soputh Wales","First steamboat demonstration in Scotland (but see 1802){\\n}Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be minimum of 9 years old (not enforced)\\First slave carrying act, The Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulated more humane conditions"),
("3917","0","0","1789","0","0","1789","14th June - The French Revolution begins - storming of the Bastille","Publication of Gilbert White\'s \"Natural History of Selborne\""),
("3918","0","0","1790","0","0","1790","Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland"," "),
("3919","0","0","1791","0","0","1791","Sugar prices rise steeply","John Bell, printer, abandons the \"long s\" (the \'s\' that looks like an \'f\'){\\n}Establishment of the Ordinance Survey of Great Brittain{\\n}4th December - First publication of The Observer - oldest Sunday newspaper"),
("3920","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","Repression in Britian (restrictions on freedom of the press)","Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel{\\n}Boyle\'s Street Directory published{\\n}1st October - Introduction of Money Orders in Britain{\\n}Coal-gas lightening invented by William Murdock, and Ayshire Scot{"),
("3921","0","0","1793","0","0","1793","11th February - England declares war on France (1793-1802)","Execution of Louis XVI{\\n}15th April - £5 notes first issue by the Bank of England"),
("3922","0","0","1794","0","0","1794","Abolition of Parish Register duties","Battle of Glorious First of June{\\n}6th october - The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for"),
("3923","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","The Famine Year","Foundation of the Orange Order{\\n}Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer\'s wage to substitence level{\\n}Towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and umemployed increased dramatically - p"),
("3924","0","0","1796","0","0","1796","Holden\'s Triennial Directory published","Pitt\'s \"Reign of Terror\" - more treason trials - leading radicals emigrate"),
("3925","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","England in Crisis","Bank of England suspends cash payments{\\n}26th February - First £1 note issued by Bank of England{\\n}Apr-Jun Mutinees in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore{\\n}Tax on Newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publicatio"),
("3926","0","0","1798","0","0","1798","Feb-Oct The Irish Rebellion, -","100,000 peasants revolt, approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished{\\n}First planned human experiment with Vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner."),
("3927","0","0","1799","0","0","1799","9th January - Pitt brings in 10% income tax","12th July - Repressive legislation in Britain against political associations and combinations{\\n}Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York{\\n}Foundation of the Roayl Institution of Great Britain{\\n}Post Office New Annual Directory"),
("3928","0","0","1000","0","0","1004","Viking explorations","Lief Ericsson explores coast of Labrador and Newfoundland"),
("3929","0","0","1497","0","0","1497","John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations","John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton"),
("3930","0","0","1500","0","0","1500","Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations","Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland"),
("3931","0","0","1508","0","0","1508","Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland"," "),
("3932","0","0","1534","0","0","1534","Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence","Cartier claims land for France"),
("3933","0","0","1541","0","0","1541","First French settlement","Charlesbourg-Royal settlement esatablished by Cartier"),
("3934","0","0","1604","0","0","1604","Settlement of New France","First Acadian settlement on Saint Croix Island"),
("3935","0","0","1605","0","0","1605","Settlement of New France","First successful New France colony at Port Royal"),
("3936","0","0","1608","0","0","1608","Québec founded","Québec founded by Samuel de Champlain"),
("3937","0","0","1610","0","0","1610","Henry Hudson explorations","Henry Hudson explores Hudson and James\' Bays"),
("3938","0","0","1627","0","0","1627","The Company of One Hundred Associates formed to colonize New France"," "),
("3939","0","0","1629","0","0","1629","Québec captured by Britain"," "),
("3940","0","0","1630","0","0","1640","European diseases/epidemics kill indians"," "),
("3941","0","0","1632","0","0","1632","Québec returned to France by the \'Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye\'"," "),
("3942","0","0","1632","0","0","1633","Samuel de Champlain named the first Governor of New France"," "),
("3943","0","0","1655","0","0","1655","Fort Port-Royal captured by the British"," "),
("3944","0","0","1659","0","0","1659","Lake Superior explored","Pierre-Esprit Radisson & Sieur des Groseilliers explore Lake Superior"),
("3945","0","0","1663","0","0","1663","Great Québec earthquake"," "),
("3946","0","0","1663","0","0","1663","Québec becomes a crown colony (royal province) of France"," "),
("3947","0","0","1666","0","0","1666","First New World Census","Census taken by Intendant Jean Talon in New France of 3215 inhabitants"),
("3948","0","0","1667","0","0","1667","Treaty of Breda","Acadia is recognized as a French possession"),
("3949","5","2","1670","2","5","1670","Hudson\'s Bay Company formed","Hudson\'s Bay Company granted trade rights over all territory draining into Hudson\'s Bay"),
("3950","0","0","1671","0","0","1671","Census of Acadia","First census of Acadians in Port Royal, New France, counts 340"),
("3951","0","0","1672","0","0","1678","Comte de Frontenac governs New France"," "),
("3952","0","0","1673","0","0","1673","First European settlement in Great Lakes Region","Fort Cataraqui (later Fort Frontenac) established by the French"),
("3953","0","0","1678","0","0","1678","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3954","0","0","1686","0","0","1686","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3955","0","0","1689","0","0","1701","French - Five Nations Indian war"," "),
("3956","0","0","1690","0","0","1690","Port-Royal captured","British capture Port-Royal and rename it to Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia"),
("3957","0","0","1691","0","0","1691","Newfoundland census","Census taken in Newfoundland"),
("3958","0","0","1693","0","0","1693","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3959","0","0","1693","0","0","1693","Newfoundland census","Census taken in Newfoundland"),
("3960","0","0","1695","0","0","1695","Census of Acadia","Census of St. Jean River Acadians"),
("3961","0","0","1698","0","0","1698","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3962","0","0","1700","0","0","1700","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3963","0","0","1701","0","0","1701","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3964","0","0","1702","0","0","1702","War of Spanish Succession"," "),
("3965","0","0","1703","0","0","1703","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France counts 1,450"),
("3966","0","0","1704","0","0","1704","Newfoundland census","Census taken in Newfoundland listing only heads of families"),
("3967","0","0","1707","0","0","1707","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3968","0","0","1708","0","0","1708","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3969","8","23","1711","23","8","1711","British Fleet runs aground on Ile-aux-Oeufs","950 drown while preparing to attack Québec"),
("3970","0","0","1713","0","0","1713","Nova Scotia created","Britain renames Acadia to Nova Scotia"),
("3971","0","0","1713","0","0","1713","Treaty of Utrecht","Britain gets possession of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia -- except for Ile Royale (Cape Breton)"),
("3972","0","0","1714","0","0","1714","Census of Acadia","Census of Acadians in New France"),
("3973","0","0","1716","0","0","1716","Census of Acadia","Census of Port Toulouse Acadians"),
("3974","12","15","1725","15","12","1725","Indian Treaties Signed","Treaties between Eastern Aboriginal Peoples and Great Britain"),
("3975","0","0","1739","0","0","1739","Last French-rule census"," "),
("3976","0","0","1744","0","0","1744","War of the Austrian Succession (King George\'s War)","European war sets England against France"),
("3977","3","11","1744","11","3","1744","France declares war against England","New France vs British in Nova Scotia"),
("3978","4","9","1744","9","4","1744","Great Britain declares war against France","New France vs British in Nova Scotia"),
("3979","0","0","1745","0","0","1745","Louisbourg taken from France","Louisbourg captured by Gov. William Shirley of Massachusetts"),
("3980","0","0","1748","0","0","1748","Treaty of Aix-de-Chapelle ends French-British war","returns Louisbourg to France"),
("3981","0","0","1749","0","0","1749","Britain founds Halifax","2,576 English settlers brought to Halifax to counter French presence at Louisbourg"),
("3982","8","15","1749","15","8","1749","Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties","N.S. Gov. Cornwallis and Malecites sign treaty"),
("3983","0","0","1752","0","0","1752","Census of Ile St-Jean","Sieur de la Rocque census of Prince Edward Island"),
("3984","3","23","1752","23","3","1752","First newspaper printed in Canada","The Halifax Gazette begins publication"),
("3985","11","22","1752","22","11","1752","Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties","N.S. Gov. Cornwallis and Micmac sign treaty"),
("3986","0","0","1753","0","0","1753","French defeat George Washington\'s military campaign"," "),
("3987","0","0","1754","0","0","1754","French and Indian War","France & Indians fight British"),
("3988","0","0","1755","0","0","1755","Postal Service established","British establish service in Halifax, Nova Scotia"),
("3989","0","0","1755","0","0","1763","The Great Expulsion","Over 10,000 Acadians forced from their Nova Scotia homes by British Governor Charles Lawrence"),
("3990","0","0","1756","0","2","1763","Europe\'s Seven Years\' War - North America\'s French-Indian war","Montcalm commands French troops against British and Indians in North America"),
("3991","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","Acadian deportation","Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island\'s Acadians deported to France -- three ships of Acadians sink.  Other Acadians flee"),
("3992","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","British capture Fort Louisburg","French power declines"),
("3993","9","13","1759","13","9","1759","Battle of the Plains of Abraham","General James Wolfe defeats Montcalm but both die (New France Ends--British North America begins)"),
("3994","2","10","1760","10","2","1760","British capture Quebec"," "),
("3995","2","23","1760","23","2","1760","Treaty signed to end war","Malecites & Passamaquoddys sign treaty acknowledging King George III as Sovereign"),
("3996","3","10","1760","25","6","1761","Peace treaties between Micmac and British","Micmac recognize British dominion over Nova Scotia"),
("3997","0","0","1763","0","0","1763","Treaty of Paris","Britain controls North American French colonies (except St. Pierre & Micquelon)"),
("3998","8","0","1764","0","0","1862","Indian treaties transferring land to Britain"," "),
("3999","0","0","1767","0","0","1767","Census of Nova Scotia","Nova Scotia census adds religion and ethnic-origin questions"),
("4000","0","0","1769","0","0","1769","Ile St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) separated","Ile St. Jean separated from the Colony of Nova Scotia"),
("4001","0","0","1771","0","0","1772","Samuel Hearne reaches the Arctic via land travel"," "),
("4002","6","22","1774","22","6","1774","Québec Act","Britain extends Québec border to include present-day Ontario and grants religious freedom to Catholics"),
("4003","4","19","1775","4","2","1783","American Revolution (War of Independence)","American patriots and the French versus American loyalists and Britain"),
("4004","11","13","1775","31","12","1775","American forces invade","Americans capture Montreal and attack Québec City"),
("4005","0","0","1776","0","0","1776","North West Company formed","Fur traders amalgamate to compete with the Hudson\'s Bay Company"),
("4006","4","1","1776","1","4","1776","First United Empire Loyalists arrive","UEL refugees arrive in Halifax, Nova Scotia"),
("4007","0","0","1778","0","0","1778","Captain James Cook explores West Coast","Captain Cook lands at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island"),
("4008","9","22","1779","22","9","1779","Treaty signed with Micmac to protect British settlers","Micmac alliance against U.S.A"),
("4009","0","0","1781","0","0","1781","First UEL settlers in Niagara","Loyalists from Butler\'s Rangers settle in Niagara area"),
("4010","1","1","1782","1","1","1782","Massive Loyalist migration from U.S. begins","Loyalists head to Nova Scotia (New Brunswick) as outcome of war determined"),
("4011","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","Eastern Canada - U.S.A. border established","border set from the Atlantic to Lake-of-the-Woods"),
("4012","4","26","1783","26","4","1783","Loyalist migration from New York","7,000 Loyalists sail to Nova Scotia (including New Brunswick) as outcome of war determined"),
("4013","9","3","1783","3","9","1783","Treaty of Versailles","Britain Loses War With U.S & British North America Defined"),
("4014","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","Grand River Reserve created","Indian chief Joseph Brant leads 4,000 indians from U.S. to Six Nations\' Reservation"),
("4015","0","0","1784","0","0","1789","Mass migration of Loyalists","Migration starts with 6,000 Americans & 1,000 Iroquois led by Joseph Brant. Total reaches 10,000 by end of decade"),
("4016","8","16","1784","16","8","1784","Cape Breton Island created","Cape Breton Island separated from Nova Scotia"),
("4017","8","16","1784","16","8","1784","New Brunswick created","New Brunswick created from part of Nova Scotia"),
("4018","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","The Scarce Year","Upper Canada\'s 1787 crop failures result in famine"),
("4019","0","0","1789","0","0","1789","UE (Unity of Empire) designation created for Loyalists","Loyalists obtain privileges and land grants"),
("4020","7","10","1789","0","0","1790","MacKenzie River exploration","Sir Alexander MacKenzie explores river to Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean"),
("4021","6","10","1791","10","6","1791","Constitutional Act","Lower Canada (now Québec) and Upper Canada (now Ontario) established"),
("4022","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","George Vancouver exploration","exploration of Pacific Coast"),
("4023","0","0","1793","20","7","1793","Alexander MacKenzie crosses Canada by land","first crossing of Canada by land and exploration of Pacific Coast"),
("4024","7","9","1793","9","7","1793","Upper Canada\'s Abolition Act","Forbade any new slaves, and gave freedom to children of slaves at least 25 years of age if born after 1793"),
("4025","0","0","1796","0","0","1796","Town of York (Toronto) becomes capital of Upper Canada"," "),
("4026","0","0","1798","0","0","1798","Marriage Act","allows marriages to be legally performed by the Church of Scotland and Anglican, Catholic, Presbyterian, Calvinist and Lutheran Churches"),
("4027","0","0","1798","0","0","1798","Prince Edward Island created","Ile St. Jean renamed to Prince Edward Island"),
("4028","0","0","1806","0","0","1806","Le Canadien newspaper founded","First Québec nationalist newspaper"),
("4029","3","25","1807","25","3","1807","British abolish slave trade"," "),
("4030","0","0","1808","0","0","1808","Simon Fraser to Vancouver","Fraser explores the river to the Pacific"),
("4031","0","0","1811","0","0","1811","David Thomson charts Columbia River","Thomson explores and charts Columbia River to the coast"),
("4032","11","7","1811","7","11","1811","Battle of Tippecanoe","Indian defeat causes Tecumseh to align with British"),
("4033","6","18","1812","24","12","1814","War of 1812","United States declares war on Great Britain (and Canada)"),
("4034","8","4","1812","4","8","1812","Battle of Brownstown","Ohio Militia from Detroit defeated by Tecumseh\'s Indians"),
("4035","8","14","1812","14","8","1812","Surrender of Fort Detroit","General Brock commanding British & Canadian forces with Tecumseh\'s Indians cause U.s. forces to surrender"),
("4036","5","23","1788","23","5","1788","South Carolina","8th State"),
("4037","6","21","1788","21","6","1788","New Hampshire","9th State"),
("4038","6","25","1788","25","6","1788","Virginia","10th State"),
("4039","6","26","1788","26","6","1788","New York","11th State"),
("4040","11","21","1789","21","11","1789","North Carolina","12th State"),
("4041","5","26","1790","31","5","1796","Tennessee Territory Organized"," "),
("4042","5","29","1790","29","5","1790","Rhode Island","13th State"),
("4043","1","24","1791","24","1","1791","District of Columbia","President George Washington selects a site that includes portions of Maryland and Virginia. It becomes the seat of government 1 Dec 1800"),
("4044","3","4","1791","4","3","1791","Vermont","14th State"),
("4045","6","1","1792","1","6","1792","Kentucky","15th State"),
("4046","6","1","1796","1","6","1796","Tennessee","16th State"),
("4047","4","7","1798","9","12","1817","Mississippi Territory Organized"," "),
("4048","5","7","1800","10","12","1816","Indiana Territory Organized","Effective date 4 Jul 1800"),
("4049","2","19","1803","19","2","1803","Ohio","17th State"),
("4050","1","11","1805","25","1","1837","Michigan Territory Organized","Effective date 30 Jun 1805"),
("4051","3","3","1805","29","4","1812","Louisiana Territory Organized","Effective date 4 July 1805"),
("4052","2","3","1809","2","12","1818","Illinois Territory Organized","Effective date 1 Mar 1809"),
("4053","4","30","1812","30","4","1812","Louisiana","18th State.  Counties known as Parishes."),
("4054","6","4","1812","9","8","1821","Missouri Territory Organized","Effective date 7 Dec 1812"),
("4055","12","11","1816","11","12","1816","Indiana","19th State"),
("4056","3","3","1817","13","12","1819","Alabama Territory Organized"," "),
("4057","12","10","1817","10","12","1817","Mississippi","20th State"),
("4058","12","3","1818","3","12","1818","Illinois","21st State"),
("4059","3","2","1819","14","6","1836","Arkansas Territory Organized","Effective 4 July 1819"),
("4060","12","14","1819","14","12","1819","Alabama","22nd State"),
("4061","3","15","1820","15","3","1820","Maine","23rd State"),
("4062","8","10","1821","10","8","1821","Missouri","24th State"),
("4063","3","30","1822","2","3","1845","Florida Territory Organized"," "),
("4064","4","20","1836","28","5","1848","Wisconsin Territory Organized","Effective date 3 Jul 1836"),
("4065","6","15","1836","15","6","1836","Arkansas","25th State"),
("4066","1","26","1837","26","1","1837","Michigan","26th State"),
("4067","6","12","1838","27","12","1846","Iowa Territory Organized","Effective date 3 July 1838"),
("4068","3","3","1845","3","3","1845","Florida","27th State"),
("4069","5","30","1845","28","1","1861","Kansas Territory Organized"," "),
("4070","12","29","1845","29","12","1845","Texas","28th State"),
("4071","12","28","1846","28","12","1846","Iowa","29th State"),
("4072","5","29","1848","29","5","1848","Wisconsin","30th State"),
("4073","8","14","1848","13","2","1859","Oregon Territory Organized"," "),
("4074","3","3","1849","10","11","1858","Minnesota Territory Organized"," "),
("4075","6","9","1850","3","1","1896","Utah Territory Organized"," "),
("4076","9","9","1850","5","1","1912","New Mexico Territory Organized"," "),
("4077","9","9","1850","9","9","1850","California","31st State"),
("4078","3","2","1853","10","11","1889","Washington Territory Organized"," "),
("4079","5","30","1854","28","2","1867","Nebraska Territory Organized"," "),
("4080","5","11","1858","11","5","1858","Minnesota","32nd State"),
("4081","2","14","1859","14","2","1859","Oregon","33rd State"),
("4082","1","29","1861","29","1","1861","Kansas","34th State"),
("4083","2","2","1861","1","11","1889","North Dakota Territory Organized"," "),
("4084","2","28","1861","31","7","1876","Colorado Territory Organized"," "),
("4085","3","2","1861","1","11","1889","South Dakota Territory Organized"," "),
("4086","3","2","1861","30","10","1864","Nevada Territory Organized"," "),
("4087","2","24","1863","13","2","1912","Arizona Territory Organized"," "),
("4088","3","3","1863","2","7","1890","Idaho Territory Organized"," "),
("4089","6","20","1863","20","6","1863","West Virginia","35th State"),
("4090","5","26","1864","7","11","1889","Montana Territory Organized"," "),
("4091","10","31","1864","31","10","1864","Nevada","36th State"),
("4092","3","1","1867","1","3","1867","Nebraska","37th State"),
("4093","7","25","1868","9","7","1890","Wyoming Territory Organized"," "),
("4094","8","1","1876","1","8","1876","Colorado","38th State"),
("4095","11","2","1889","2","11","1889","South Dakota","40th State"),
("4096","11","2","1889","2","11","1889","North Dakota","39th State"),
("4097","11","8","1889","8","11","1889","Montana","41st State"),
("4098","11","11","1889","11","11","1889","Washington","42nd State"),
("4099","5","2","1890","15","11","1907","Indian Territory Organized","The most of the area that is present day Oklahoma was divided into Oklahoma and Indian Territory"),
("4100","5","2","1890","15","11","1907","Oklahoma Territory Organized","The most of the area that is present day Oklahoma was divided into Oklahoma and Indian Territory"),
("4101","7","3","1890","3","7","1890","Idaho","43rd State"),
("4102","7","10","1890","10","7","1890","Wyoming","44th State"),
("4103","1","4","1896","4","1","1896","Utah","45th State"),
("4104","7","7","1898","20","8","1959","Territory of Hawaii was Oraganized"," "),
("4105","11","16","1907","16","11","1907","Oklahoma","46th State.  The area that had been Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were united to become one state."),
("4106","1","6","1912","6","1","1912","New Mexico","47th State"),
("4107","2","14","1912","14","2","1912","Arizona","48th State"),
("4108","8","24","1912","2","1","1959","Alaska Territory Organized"," "),
("4109","1","3","1959","3","1","1959","Alaska","49th State"),
("4110","8","21","1959","21","8","1959","Hawaii","50th State"),
("4111","0","0","1514","0","0","1514","The recording of testaments (wills) begins."," "),
("4112","0","0","1552","0","0","1552","Parishes are ordered to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage."," "),
("4113","0","0","1560","0","0","1560","Protestantism is established. Pope\'s authority is abolished. Celebrating mass becomes illegal."," "),
("4114","0","0","1592","0","0","1592","The Presbyterian Church is formally established."," "),
("4115","0","0","1600","0","0","1600","The calendar changes from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar."," "),
("4116","0","0","1603","0","0","1603","The crowns of England and Scotland unite."," "),
("4117","0","0","1690","0","0","1690","The Presbyterian Church is permanently restored and becomes the Church of Scotland."," "),
("4118","0","0","1707","0","0","1707","The Act of Union is formed between Scotland and England, creating Great Britain."," "),
("4119","0","0","1715","0","0","1715","Scots support James Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.","Called the first Jacobite rebellion."),
("4120","0","0","1745","0","0","1745","Scots support James\' son Charles Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.","Called the second Jacobite rebellion."),
("4121","0","0","1746","0","0","1746","English defeat the forces of Charles Edward Stuart in the Battle of Culloden.","After this battle, the English executed many clan chiefs and outlawed kilts and bagpipes. These restrictions were removed in 1782."),
("4122","0","0","1779","0","0","1779","Industrial Revolution begins to affect Scotland."," "),
("4123","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","Roman Catholics are permitted by law to buy and inherit property and keep records."," "),
("4124","0","0","1841","0","0","1841","The first census of genealogical value is taken."," "),
("4125","0","0","1855","0","0","1855","Civil registration begins."," "),
("4126","0","0","0802","0","0","0839","Egbert","Saxon: First King of all England. King of Wessex, won allegiance of all English"),
("4127","0","0","0839","0","0","0858","Ethelwulf","Saxon: Son of Egbert, King of Wessex, Sussex, Kent, Essex"),
("4128","0","0","0858","0","0","0860","Ethelbald","Saxon: Son of Ethelwulf, displaced father in Wessex"),
("4129","0","0","0860","0","0","0866","Ethelbert","Saxon: 2nd son of Ethelwulf, united Kent and Wessex"),
("4130","0","0","0866","0","0","0871","Ethelred I","Saxon: 3rd son of Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, fought Danes"),
("4131","0","0","0871","0","0","0899","Alfred the Great","Saxon: 4th son of Ethelwulf, defeated Danes, fortified London"),
("4132","0","0","0899","0","0","0924","Edward the Elder","Saxon: Alfred\'s son, united English, claimed Scotland"),
("4133","0","0","0924","0","0","0940","Athelstan the Glorious","Saxon: Edward\'s eldest son, King of Mercia, Wessex"),
("4134","0","0","0940","0","0","0946","Edmund I The Magnificent","Saxon: 3rd son of Edward, King of Wessex, Mercia"),
("4135","0","0","0946","0","0","0955","Edred","Saxon: 4th son of Edward"),
("4136","0","0","0955","0","0","0959","Edwy the Fair","Saxon: Eldest son of Edmund, King of Wessex"),
("4137","0","0","0955","0","0","0959","Edgar the Peaceful","Saxon: 2nd son of Edmund, ruled all English"),
("4138","0","0","0975","0","0","0978","Edward the Martyr","Saxon: Eldest son of Edgar, murdered by stepmother"),
("4139","0","0","0978","0","0","1016","Ethelred II the Unready","Saxon: 2nd son of Edgar, half-brother of Edward, married Emma of Normandy"),
("4140","0","0","1016","0","0","1017","Edmund II Ironside","Saxon: Eldest son of Ethelred II, King of London"),
("4141","0","0","1017","0","0","1035","Canute the Dane","Dane: By conquest and election. Gave Wessex to Edmund, married Emma"),
("4142","0","0","1036","0","0","1040","Harald I, Harefoot","Dane: Natural son of Canute"),
("4143","0","0","1040","0","0","1042","Hardecanute","Dane: Son of Canute by Emma, Danish King"),
("4144","0","0","1042","0","0","1066","Edward the Confessor","Saxon: Son of Ethelred II (Canonized 1161)"),
("4145","0","0","1066","0","0","1066","Harold II","Saxon: Edward\'s brother-in-law, last Saxon King"),
("4146","12","25","1066","9","9","1087","William I the Conqueror","Norman: Second cousin to Edward the Confessor, by conquest. Defeated Harold at Hastings."),
("4147","9","26","1087","2","8","1100","William II (Rufus)","Norman: 3rd son of William I, accidentally killed by arrow while hunting."),
("4148","8","5","1100","1","12","1135","Henry I Beauclerc","Norman: Youngest son of William I"),
("4149","12","22","1135","25","10","1154","Stephen","Norman: Son of Adela,daugher of William I, and Count of Blois"),
("4150","12","19","1154","6","7","1189","Henry II","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Godfrey Plantagenet (Angevin) by Matilda, daughter of Henry I"),
("4151","0","0","1189","0","0","1199","Richard I the Lionhearted","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader"),
("4152","5","27","1199","19","10","1216","John Lackland","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta 1215"),
("4153","10","28","1216","16","11","1272","Henry III","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227"),
("4154","11","20","1272","7","7","1307","Edward I Longshanks","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III"),
("4155","7","8","1307","20","1","1327","Edward II","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217"),
("4156","1","25","1327","21","6","1377","Edward III of Windsor","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II"),
("4157","8","29","1812","29","8","1812","Earl of Selkirk establishes Red River Colony (Winnipeg)"," "),
("4158","9","21","1812","21","9","1812","Raid on Gananoque","U.S. forces enter town, destroy food supplies and remove ammunition"),
("4159","10","13","1812","13","10","1812","Battle of Queenston Heights","General Brock killed but U.S. forces defeated after heavy fighting"),
("4160","11","20","1812","20","11","1812","Battle of Lacolle Mills","Two groups of U.S forces fight each other by mistake"),
("4161","11","28","1812","28","11","1812","Battle of Frenchman\'s Creek","U.S forces from Black Rock (Buffalo, NY) invade Fort Erie and are repulsed"),
("4162","2","22","1813","22","2","1813","Battle of Ogdensburg, NY","Glengarry Light Infantry attack and take Ogdensburg"),
("4163","4","27","1813","2","5","1813","Battle of Fort York (Toronto)","U.S. forces take fort and occupy York for 5 days, plundering and destroying the town by burning"),
("4164","5","25","1813","27","5","1813","Capture of Fort George","U.S. forces invade Niagara"),
("4165","5","27","1813","24","6","1813","Battles of Niagara frontier","U.S. forces advance into Upper Canada"),
("4166","6","6","1813","6","6","1813","Battle of Stoney Creek","confused fighting results in heavy losses on both sides"),
("4167","6","8","1813","8","6","1813","Battle of Forty Mile Creek","U.S forces routed and retreat to Fort George"),
("4168","6","8","1813","8","6","1813","Skirmish of Butler\'s Farm (Two Mile Creek)","U.S Lt. Eldridge and his men ambushed by combined British/Canadian/Indian forces"),
("4169","6","24","1813","24","6","1813","Battle of Beaver Dam","Laura Secord warns British of impending attack resulting in surrender of U.S forces at Thorold"),
("4170","8","2","1813","2","8","1813","Battle of Fort Stephenson","British/Canadian/Indian forces fail in attempt to take fort from U.S. forces"),
("4171","9","9","1813","9","9","1813","Battle for Lake Erie","U.S. naval squadron of 9 ships defeats British 6-ship flotilla"),
("4172","9","10","1813","10","9","1813","Battle of Lake Erie (Put-in-Bay)","U.S. navy defeats British ships and takes control of Lake Erie"),
("4173","10","5","1813","5","10","1813","Battle of the Thames","U.S. (Harrison) defeats British/Indian forces - Tecumseh dies"),
("4174","10","26","1813","26","10","1813","Battle of Chateauguay","U.S forces defeated in attempted invasion of Lower Canada"),
("4175","11","11","1813","11","11","1813","Battle of Crysler\'s Farm","U.S forces defeated in attempted invasion of Lower Canada. U.S. forces defeated near Morrisburg by combined Canadian-British forces."),
("4176","12","0","1813","0","12","1813","U.S forces reoccupy Queenston and Chippawa (Niagara)","Canadian Volunteers (traitors) send Loyalists to U.S. prisons"),
("4177","12","10","1813","10","12","1813","Burning of Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake)","Canadian Volunteers (traitors) and U.S militia burn Newark to the ground"),
("4178","3","4","1814","20","8","1814","U.S. raids into Western Upper Canada","U.S. forces raid western Lake Erie communities"),
("4179","3","30","1814","30","3","1814","Battle of Lacolle Mills","U.S. forces defeated in attempted invasion"),
("4180","7","3","1814","3","7","1814","Capture of Fort Erie","British forces manning Fort Erie surrender to overwhelming U.S. odds"),
("4181","7","5","1814","5","7","1814","Battle at Chippawa","U.S. forces take over entire Niagara frontier"),
("4182","7","17","1814","19","7","1814","Battle for Prarie du Chien","British forces comprised mainly of Indians capture U.S. garrison"),
("4183","7","18","1814","18","7","1814","Burning of St. Davids","U.S. militia capture St. Davids then loot and burn most buildings"),
("4184","7","25","1814","26","7","1814","Battle of Lundy\'s Lane","The fiercest battle of the U.S.-British war"),
("4185","8","15","1814","17","9","1814","Siege at Fort Erie","British forces fail in their attempt to recover Fort Erie from U.S. forces"),
("4186","10","20","1814","20","10","1814","Battle of Cook\'s Mills (Lyons Creek)","The last battle on Canadian soil"),
("4187","12","24","1814","24","12","1814","Treaty of Ghent","End of United States - British war of 1812"),
("4188","2","0","1815","0","2","1815","British incentive to emigrate to Upper Canada","Britain encourages 5,000 settlers to leave Britain"),
("4189","0","0","1817","0","0","1817","Census of Nova Scotia","Nova Scotia census adds place-of-birth question"),
("4190","0","0","1818","0","0","1818","The 49th parallel becomes border","Canada-US border officially set from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains"),
("4191","0","0","1820","0","0","1820","Cape Breton Island re-annexed to Nova Scotia"," "),
("4192","0","0","1820","0","0","1820","Militia land grants","1812-1814 militiamen entitled to land grants"),
("4193","0","0","1824","0","0","1824","Canada (Land) Company formed","acquires outstanding Crown reserves"),
("4194","0","0","1824","0","0","1824","First annual numerical census of Upper Canada","Census counts 150,066 individuals"),
("4195","6","20","1825","20","9","1825","Lower Canada (Quebec} census","count of population by family"),
("4196","10","5","1825","5","10","1825","The Miramichi Fire","200-500 people killed in fire that destroys the New Brunswick towns of Newcastle and Douglastown"),
("4197","0","0","1826","0","0","1826","Red River flooding","High waters force the complete evacuation of the 10-year-old Red River Colony -- the future Winnipeg, Manitoba"),
("4198","0","0","1828","0","0","1828","Naturalization commences","Naturalization required for non-British persons"),
("4199","11","7","1828","0","0","1829","Military rolls taken in Canada West (Ontario)","military records name every soldier from 19 to 39 years of age"),
("4200","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","Welland Canal opens","Lake Ontario to Lake Erie canal opens"),
("4201","5","0","1829","0","5","1829","Guelph, Ontario, tornado","tornado destroys many homes"),
("4202","0","0","1831","0","0","1831","Marriage Act amended","allows Baptist, Congregationalist, Methodist, Mennonite, Independent, Dunkers and Moravian clergy to legally perform marriages"),
("4203","6","1","1831","1","10","1831","Lower Canada (Quebec) census","count of population by family"),
("4204","4","1","1832","0","0","1937","Immigrants quarantined at Grosse Isle","Canada\'s immigrant quarantine station opens at Grosse Isle"),
("4205","6","16","1832","0","9","1832","Cholera epidemic - Canada West","First province-wide cholera epidemic"),
("4206","0","0","1833","0","0","1833","Abolition of slavery"," "),
("4207","7","0","1834","15","9","1834","Cholera epidemic - Canada West","Second province-wide cholera epidemic"),
("4208","3","11","1835","11","3","1835","First formal police force","Canadian police force established in Toronto"),
("4209","11","0","1837","0","12","1837","Lower Canada Rebellion","French and English rebel against British colonial government"),
("4210","12","0","1837","0","12","1837","Upper Canada Rebellion","An uprising against the ruling clique -- the Family Compact"),
("4211","12","4","1837","7","12","1837","Mackenzie Rebellion","U.S. patriotic rebels fight Loyalists in Toronto"),
("4212","11","11","1838","16","11","1838","Rebellion of Hastings County, Ontario","U.S. patriots raid Prescott"),
("4213","1","0","1839","0","1","1839","Durham Report","Proposal to unite Upper and Lower Canada and assimilate the French"),
("4214","2","10","1841","10","2","1841","Act of Union","Upper and Lower Canada united to become the Province of Canada and renamed to Canada East and Canada West"),
("4215","2","1","1842","1","2","1842","First major census taken","Canada West (Ontario) census counts 487,053 individuals"),
("4216","0","0","1845","0","0","1845","USA doubles cost of passage to American ports","USA passage fees encourage immigrants to choose Canada as their destination"),
("4217","0","0","1846","0","0","1846","Canada-U.S. Boundary Completed"," "),
("4218","0","0","1847","0","0","1847","Typhus epidemic","The height of the typhus and cholera epidemic brought by immigrants - the black year of emigration"),
("4219","0","0","1847","0","0","1848","Influenza epidemic","worldwide influenza kills millions"),
("4220","0","0","1848","0","0","1848","1842\'s followup census completed","Canada West (Ontario) counts 725,897 individuals"),
("4221","0","0","1849","0","0","1849","Canada\'s 49th parallel border is extended to the Pacific Ocean"," "),
("4222","0","0","1849","0","0","1849","Official bilingualism","All Canadian parliament bills are now in both English and French"),
("4223","10","11","1849","11","10","1849","Annexation Manifesto","Montreal\'s businessmen call for Canada\'s annexation by the U.S."),
("4224","1","1","1850","1","1","1850","County government","Counties become official units of local government"),
("4225","0","0","1851","0","0","1851","First Canadian postage stamp","Orange-red stamp is created by Sir Sandford Fleming, sells for three pence and features a beaver"),
("4226","0","0","1851","0","0","1851","Toronto-Buffalo rail line constructed","Great Western Railway creates Toronto-Buffalo line"),
("4227","1","12","1852","12","1","1852","First \"thorough\" Canadian census","\"1851\" census includes Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, but was not completed until 1853"),
("4228","0","0","1855","0","0","1855","Ice Hockey","The first game of ice hockey is believed to have been played in Kingston, Ontario"),
("4229","1","1","1855","1","1","1855","Ottawa named","The logging town of Bytown is renamed to Ottawa"),
("4230","0","0","1857","0","0","1857","Ottawa is declared the capital of Canada by Queen Victoria"," "),
("4231","0","0","1860","0","0","1860","The Maple Leaf","first used as official emblem of Canada during visit from the Prince of Wales"),
("4232","1","14","1861","14","1","1861","Canadian census","1861 census includes Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island"),
("4233","0","0","1866","0","0","1866","Fenian Raids","Irish Americans raid Canada"),
("4234","0","0","1866","0","0","1866","Ontario Gold Rush","Gold discovered in Eldorado, Hastings County, Ontario"),
("4235","7","1","1867","1","7","1867","10-year census taking becomes a legal requirement","the first census of The Dominion of Canada is scheduled for 1871 and every 10 years after"),
("4236","7","1","1867","1","7","1867","Confederation","British North America Act creates the Dominion of Canada from the provinces of Canada (Upper and Lower), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia"),
("4237","0","0","1868","0","0","1868","Vote given to male British subjects","British males, 21 years of age or older who own, rent or occupy property of specified values are entitled to vote"),
("4238","7","1","1869","1","7","1869","Ontario begins BMD registration","Start of Ontario\'s registration of births, marriages and deaths"),
("4239","11","19","1869","15","7","1870","Rupert\'s Land joins Canada","Canada purchases Rupert\'s Land from Hudson\'s Bay Company.  Some of this land is added to Ontario, and the rest is later divided into the provinces of Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan and the Northwest Territories"),
("4240","0","0","1870","0","0","1870","First census of British Columbia"," "),
("4241","7","15","1870","15","7","1870","Manitoba created","Part of Rupert\'s Land becomes Manitoba -- the fifth province"),
("4242","7","15","1870","15","7","1870","Northwest Territories created","Part of Rupert\'s Land becomes the Northwest Territories"),
("4243","4","2","1871","2","4","1871","Dominion of Canada Census","The first national census after Confederation includes Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia - counts  3,689,257"),
("4244","7","20","1871","20","7","1871","British Columbia joins Canada","British Columbia becomes Canada\'s sixth province"),
("4245","0","0","1872","0","0","1872","Chinese and First Nations banned from voting in BC","The British Columbia Qualifications of Voters Act denies the Chinese and First Nations peoples the right to vote"),
("4246","0","0","1872","0","0","1872","Dominion Land Act","Prairies opened for settlement by offer of 160 acres of land to each settler, resident for 3 years and paying a $10 filing fee"),
("4247","0","0","1873","0","0","1873","North-West Mounted Police created","\"Mounties\" formed from civilians to patrol the west"),
("4248","5","13","1873","13","5","1873","Nova Scotia coal mine explosion","60 men die in Westville, Nova Scotia when a coal mine is destroyed by fire and explosion"),
("4249","7","1","1873","1","7","1873","Prince Edward Island joins Canada","Prince Edward Island becomes Canada\'s seventh province"),
("4250","8","25","1873","25","8","1873","The Great Nova Scotia Cyclone","500 killed by cyclone"),
("4251","0","0","1874","0","0","1874","Voting rights extended","male British subjects 21 years old and over, with annual income of $400 and \'enfranchised Indians\' given the right to vote"),
("4252","0","0","1875","0","0","1875","Supreme Court of Canada established"," "),
("4253","0","0","1875","0","0","1875","Western Indian treaties signed"," "),
("4254","0","0","1880","7","11","1885","Chinese build railroad","The construction of the western section of the Canadian Pacific Railway employs thousands of Chinese workers"),
("4255","4","4","1881","4","4","1881","Census of Canada","counts 4,324,810 individuals"),
("4256","0","0","1882","0","0","1882","Home children arrive","First shipload of sponsored immigrant children arrive in Canada (Dr. Barnardo Homes etc.)"),
("4257","0","0","1882","0","0","1882","Northwest Territories divided","Athabasca, Assiniboia, Alberta and Saskatchewan created"),
("4258","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","Voting rights extended","Spinsters and widows permitted to vote in municipal elections"),
("4259","11","7","1885","7","11","1885","Canadian Pacific Railway Completed","\'Here on November 7, 1885, a plain iron spike welded East to West\', says a plaque in Craigellachie, Eagle Pass, BC"),
("4260","11","16","1885","16","11","1885","Louis Riel hanged","Accused of treason for leading the Métis resistance, Louis Riel\'s hanging in Regina further degrades English-French relations"),
("4261","5","3","1887","3","5","1887","Coal mine explosion in Nanaimo, BC","148 killed in mine explosion"),
("4262","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","Voting rights extended","All adult male British subjects except unenfranchised Indians living on reserves are permitted to vote"),
("4263","0","0","1889","0","0","1889","Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act","Ontario\'s western boundary extended to west of Lake Superior"),
("4264","0","0","1891","0","0","1891","First Children\'s Aid Society is established in Toronto"," "),
("4265","4","6","1891","6","4","1891","Census of Canada","counts 4,833,239 individuals"),
("4266","0","0","1896","0","0","1896","Gold discovered in Yukon","Gold found in Bonanza Creek, Klondike River, Yukon"),
("4267","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","Klondike gold rush","Gold rush along the upper Yukon River"),
("4268","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","Yukon gold rush"," "),
("4269","6","13","1898","13","6","1898","The Yukon joins Canada","Yukon becomes an entity separate from the North-West Territories"),
("4270","10","30","1899","30","10","1899","Boer War","Canadian troops sent overseas for the first time to fight in the Boer War, but this is opposed by Quebec"),
("4271","3","31","1901","31","3","1901","Census of Canada","counts 5,371,315 individuals"),
("4272","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","Canada loses the Alaska Boundary Dispute to the USA"," "),
("4273","4","29","1903","29","4","1903","Frank Slide, Alberta","Turtle Mountain landslide, caused by mining, buries town and population of Frank in Alberta"),
("4274","9","1","1905","1","9","1905","Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada","Alberta and Saskatchewan become Canada\'s eighth and ninth provinces"),
("4275","0","0","1906","0","0","1906","Amundsen traverses the North-West Passage"," "),
("4276","6","24","1906","24","6","1906","Census of Northwest Provinces","Census of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.  Quinquennial censuses instituted"),
("4277","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","Border Ports established","Ports of entry established for customs and immigration"),
("4278","6","1","1911","1","6","1911","Census of Canada","Census of  9 Provinces and 2 Territories counts 7,206,643 individuals"),
("4279","6","30","1912","30","6","1912","Saskatchewan tornado","The worst tornado in Canadian history claims 28 lives in Regina"),
("4280","0","0","1914","0","0","1918","World War One","Canadian forces fight in Europe during World War 1"),
("4281","5","30","1914","30","5","1914","Empress of Ireland sinks","1,014 lives are lost when ship sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence"),
("4282","6","19","1914","19","6","1914","Alberta coal mine disaster","The worst coal mining disaster in Canadian history claims 189 lives in Hillcrest"),
("4283","0","0","1916","0","0","1916","Women get vote in Manitoba","Manitoba is the first province to give women the right to vote"),
("4284","6","29","1916","29","6","1916","Ontario forest fire","A forest fire in northern Ontario claims 233 lives"),
("4285","0","0","1917","0","0","1917","Income Tax introduced"," "),
("4286","4","9","1917","12","4","1917","WW1 - Vimy Ridge","Canadian Corps take Vimy Ridge in France but 3,600 die and another 5,000 wounded"),
("4287","12","6","1917","6","12","1917","The Halifax Explosion","Canada\'s worst single disaster, claims 1600 lives, injures 9000 and leaves 6000 homeless in Halifax, Nova Scotia"),
("4288","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","Soldier Settlement Act","Land grants awarded to 25,000 veteran soldiers"),
("4289","0","0","1921","0","0","1921","Newfoundland census","Census taken in Newfoundland"),
("4290","6","1","1921","1","6","1921","Census of Canada","counts 8,787,949 individuals"),
("4291","3","24","1603","27","3","1625","James I","House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707."),
("4292","3","27","1625","30","1","1649","Charles I","House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649"),
("4293","12","16","1649","3","9","1658","Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector","Commonwealth & Protectorate:"),
("4294","9","3","1658","24","5","1659","Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector","Commonwealth & Proctorate:  3rd son of Oliver.  Resigned May 25, 1659"),
("4295","5","5","1660","6","2","1685","Charles II","House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue.  De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649."),
("4296","2","6","1685","13","2","1689","James II","House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I.  Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689"),
("4297","2","13","1689","28","12","1694","William III and Mary II","House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I.  Mary eldest daughter of James II.  She died 1694."),
("4298","12","28","1694","8","3","1702","William III","House of Stuart (restored): Reigned alone after death of Mary II"),
("4299","3","8","1702","1","8","1714","Anne","House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs"),
("4300","8","1","1714","0","10","1727","George I","House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sohia, granddaughter of James I.  Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement"),
("4301","6","11","1727","25","10","1760","George II","House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg"),
("4302","10","25","1760","29","1","1820","George III","House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg"),
("4303","1","29","1820","20","6","1830","George IV","House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811"),
("4304","6","26","1830","20","6","1837","William IV","House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen"),
("4305","6","20","1837","22","1","1901","Victoria","House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort"),
("4306","1","22","1901","6","5","1910","Edward VII","House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Eldest son of Victoria, married Alexandra, Princess of Denmark"),
("4307","5","6","1910","20","1","1936","George V","House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of Edward VII, married Princess Mary of Teck.  Accession, Jan 20, abdication, Dec 10."),
("4308","1","20","1936","11","12","1936","Edward VIII","House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): Eldest son of George V"),
("4309","12","11","1936","6","2","1952","George VI","House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of George V, Duke of York; married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon"),
("4310","2","6","1952","0","0","2004","Elizabeth II","House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917):Elder daughter of George VI, acceded Feb 6, 1952"),
("4311","0","0","1023","0","0","1023","First paper money printed in China"," "),
("4312","0","0","1045","0","0","1045","Movable type printing by Bi Sheng in China"," "),
("4313","0","0","1050","0","0","1050","Crossbow invented in France"," "),
("4314","0","0","1182","0","0","1182","Magnetic compass invented"," "),
("4315","0","0","1200","0","0","1200","Clothing buttons invented"," "),
("4316","0","0","1202","0","0","1202","The Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician, Fibonacci"," "),
("4317","0","0","1249","0","0","1249","Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula"," "),
("4318","0","0","1250","0","0","1250","Gun invented in China"," "),
("4319","0","0","1268","0","0","1269","Invention of eyeglasses"," "),
("4320","0","0","1280","0","0","1280","Mechanical clocks invented"," "),
("4321","0","0","1285","0","0","1290","Windmills invented"," "),
("4322","0","0","1295","0","0","1295","Modern glassmaking begins in Italy"," "),
("4323","0","0","1326","0","0","1326","First mention of a handgun"," "),
("4324","0","0","1328","0","0","1328","First sawmill"," "),
("4325","0","0","1366","0","0","1366","Scales for weighing invented"," "),
("4326","0","0","1400","0","0","1400","The first piano called the Spinet invented"," "),
("4327","0","0","1400","0","0","1400","First golf balls invented"," "),
("4328","0","0","1411","0","0","1411","Trigger invented"," "),
("4329","0","0","1420","0","0","1420","Oil painting invented"," "),
("4330","0","0","1421","0","0","1421","In Florence, hoisting gear invented"," "),
("4331","0","0","1455","0","0","1455","Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type"," "),
("4332","0","0","1465","0","0","1465","In Germany, drypoint engravings invented"," "),
("4333","0","0","1475","0","0","1475","Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany"," "),
("4334","0","0","1485","0","0","1485","Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute"," "),
("4335","0","0","1486","0","0","1486","In Venice, the first known copyright granted"," "),
("4336","0","0","1487","0","0","1487","Bell chimes invented"," "),
("4337","0","0","1492","0","0","1492","Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines"," "),
("4338","0","0","1492","0","0","1492","Martin Behaim invented the first map globe"," "),
("4339","0","0","1494","0","0","1494","Whiskey invented in Scotland"," "),
("4340","0","0","1500","0","0","1500","The first flush toilets appeared"," "),
("4341","0","0","1510","0","0","1510","Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel"," "),
("4342","0","0","1510","0","0","1510","Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein"," "),
("4343","0","0","1513","0","0","1513","Urs Graf invents etching"," "),
("4344","0","0","1568","0","0","1568","Bottled beer invented in London"," "),
("4345","0","0","1569","0","0","1569","Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection"," "),
("4346","0","0","1589","0","0","1589","Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine"," "),
("4347","0","0","1590","0","0","1590","Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope"," "),
("4348","0","0","1593","0","0","1593","Galileo invents a water thermometer"," "),
("4349","0","0","1608","0","0","1608","Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope"," "),
("4350","0","0","1620","0","0","1620","The earliest human-powered submarine invented"," "),
("4351","0","0","1624","0","0","1624","William Oughtred invents a slide ruler"," "),
("4352","11","21","1921","21","11","1921","Canada\'s Coat of Arms proclaimed by George V"," "),
("4353","0","0","1929","0","0","1939","The Great Depression","Canada hit hardest by the depression"),
("4354","10","18","1929","18","10","1929","The \'Persons\' Case Decision","Women are declared \'persons\' by the British Privy Council"),
("4355","0","0","1931","0","0","1931","Statute of Westminster","The British Dominions are formally recognized by British Parliament"),
("4356","0","0","1935","0","0","1935","Newfoundland census","Census taken in Newfoundland"),
("4357","0","0","1939","0","0","1945","World War II","huge involvement of Canadian supplies and troops"),
("4358","9","10","1939","10","9","1939","Canada declares war on Germany"," "),
("4359","12","7","1939","7","12","1939","Troops leave Canada","First group of Canadian troops sail to Britain -- 7,400 on 5 ships"),
("4360","0","0","1940","0","0","1940","Québec permits women to vote","The last province to give women the right to vote"),
("4361","0","0","1940","0","0","1946","National Registration","Compulsory registration of all persons 16 years of age or older"),
("4362","6","14","1941","14","6","1941","Census of Canada","Census date changed to prevent clash with Victory Bond campaign.  Sampling is initiated"),
("4363","12","0","1941","0","12","1941","Canadian forces defend south coast of England"," "),
("4364","12","7","1941","7","12","1941","Canada declares war on Japan","Attack on Pearl Harbour causes Canada to declare war on Japan"),
("4365","0","0","1945","0","0","1945","Newfoundland census","Census taken in Newfoundland"),
("4366","6","26","1945","26","6","1945","Canada joins the United Nations"," "),
("4367","7","1","1946","1","7","1946","Canadian Citizenship Act","Parliament proclaims an act providing for the creation of Canadian citizens to take effect 1 January 1947"),
("4368","3","31","1949","31","3","1949","Newfoundland joins Canada","Newfoundland becomes Canada\'s tenth province"),
("4369","4","4","1949","4","4","1949","Canada joins NATO"," "),
("4370","4","0","1950","30","6","1950","Winnipeg flood","More than 100,000 people forced from their homes in Winnipeg, Manitoba, by the Red River flooding"),
("4371","6","25","1950","27","7","1953","Korean War","As part of the United Nations, Canadian troops participate in the Korean War"),
("4372","10","15","1954","15","10","1954","Hurricane Hazel","Southwestern Ontario, Toronto and area, hit by Hurricane Hazel -- 81 died, 4,000 homeless"),
("4373","6","1","1956","1","6","1956","First nation-wide 5-year census","Population-count censuses initiated"),
("4374","11","1","1956","1","11","1956","Springhill Mine explosion","39 miners killed from explosion in mine at Springhill, Nova Scotia"),
("4375","10","23","1958","23","10","1958","Springhill Mine disaster","74 miners killed from third major explosion in mine at Springhill, Nova Scotia"),
("4376","6","26","1959","26","6","1959","St. Lawrence seaway opens","Ocean vessels can now sail as far inland as Lakes Michigan and Superior"),
("4377","0","0","1960","0","0","1960","Canada\'s Bill of Rights","Bans discrimination by federal agencies on grounds of race, national origin, colour, religion or sex -- permits Indians to vote"),
("4378","7","1","1962","1","7","1962","Medicare introduced in Saskatchewan","Saskatchewan sets medicare prototype for all provinces"),
("4379","9","3","1962","3","9","1962","Trans-Canada Highway officially opens"," "),
("4380","3","13","1964","0","0","1993","Canadian troops in Cyprus","Canadian troops serve in Cyprus as part of the UN peace-keeping force"),
("4381","4","0","1964","0","4","1964","Social Insurance cards first issued","Social Insurance cards issued to all Canadian adults -- privacy concerns limit their use for genealogy puposes"),
("4382","2","15","1965","15","2","1965","Canadian Flag changed","Maple Leaf flag is adopted by Parliament as the official flag of Canada.  It replaces the \"Canadian\" (modified) Red Ensign"),
("4383","4","25","1967","25","4","1967","Canadian Armed Forces established","The Canadian Army, Navy and Air Force unite into one combined military force -- a world first"),
("4384","10","16","1970","16","10","1970","War Measures Act Proclaimed in Quebec","Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act to counteract FLQ terrorism"),
("4385","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","Census of Canada","1971 census is the first completed by the householder"),
("4386","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","Multiculturalism/Bilingualism Policy adopted","Canada gives equal status to both english and french languages"),
("4387","0","0","1974","0","0","1974","Quebec makes french the official language","French language priority causes hundreds of businesses and non-french-speaking families to move out of Quebec"),
("4388","7","14","1976","14","7","1976","Canada abolishes death penalty"," "),
("4389","4","17","1982","17","4","1982","Canadian Constitution Act replaces British North America Act of 1867","Royal assent given to \'patriate the Constitution\' and to create the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"),
("4390","12","12","1985","12","12","1985","Plane crash in Gander, Newfoundland","A DC-8 crashes just after take-off killing 256"),
("4391","0","0","1986","0","0","1986","Census of Canada","1986 census asks about activity limitations"),
("4392","1","1","1989","1","1","1989","Free Trade Agreement with U.S."," "),
("4393","0","0","1991","0","0","1991","Census of Canada","1991 census asks about common-law status for the first time"),
("4394","5","15","1996","15","5","1996","Census of Canada","1996 census counts 28,846,761 individuals. Asks about unpaid housework and mode of transportation to work"),
("4395","4","1","1999","1","4","1999","Nunavut created in the Arctic","Canada\'s third territory, Nunavut, formed from part of the Northwest Territories to give the Inuit people more autonomy"),
("4396","5","15","2001","15","5","2001","Census of Canada","2001 census counts 30,007,094 individuals"),
("4397","9","28","1787","28","9","1787","New Constitution sent to for ratification","The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia proposed, debated and drafted the new U.S. Constitution during hte summer of 1787. Ratification by nine states was required for the Constitution to take effect. James Madison was the primary author."),
("4398","12","7","1787","7","12","1787","Delaware ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was Unanimous."),
("4399","12","12","1787","12","12","1787","Pennsylvania ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 46-23."),
("4400","12","18","1787","18","12","1787","New Jersey ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was unanimous."),
("4401","1","2","1788","2","1","1788","Georgia ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was unanimous."),
("4402","1","9","1788","9","1","1788","Connecticut ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 128-40."),
("4403","2","6","1788","6","2","1788","Massachusetts ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 187-168."),
("4404","4","28","1788","28","4","1788","Maryland ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 63-11."),
("4405","5","23","1788","23","5","1788","South Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 149-73."),
("4406","6","21","1788","21","6","1788","New Hampshire ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 57-47."),
("4407","6","21","1788","21","6","1788","United States Constitution in effect"," "),
("4408","6","26","1788","26","6","1788","Virginia ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 89-79."),
("4409","7","24","1788","24","7","1788","New York ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 30-27."),
("4410","11","21","1789","21","11","1789","North Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 194-77."),
("4411","5","29","1790","29","5","1790","Rhode Island ratified U.S. Constitution","The vote was 34-32."),
("4412","0","0","0883","0","0","0883","King Gorm becomes the first known ruler of a united Danish kingdom"," "),
("4413","0","0","0940","0","0","0985","The reign of Harold Bluetooth. The Christian church is established in Denmark"," "),
("4414","0","0","1013","0","0","1013","Union of Denmark and England"," "),
("4415","0","0","1397","0","0","1397","The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar"," "),
("4416","0","0","1523","0","0","1523","Sweden leaves the union"," "),
("4417","0","0","1787","0","0","1787","The first population census of genealogical value was taken"," "),
("4418","0","0","1788","0","0","1788","The abolition of the \"stavnsbaand\" (compulsory residence by the peasant and farming classes.)"," "),
("4419","0","0","1812","0","0","1812","A printed format for parish registers begins"," "),
("4420","0","0","1814","0","0","1814","At the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark is compelled to cede Norway to Sweden"," "),
("4421","0","0","1863","0","0","1863","Denmark goes to war against Prussia and Austria. In the Treaty of Prague (1866), Denmark cedes Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia (Ge"," "),
("4422","0","0","1915","0","0","1915","A new constitution establishes a two-chamber parliament elected by universal suffrage"," "),
("4423","0","0","1920","0","0","1920","After a referendum, northern Schleswig is returned to Denmark"," "),
("4424","0","0","1940","0","0","1945","German occupation of Denmark"," "),
("4425","0","0","0870","0","0","0888","Borivoj I"," "),
("4426","0","0","0894","0","0","0915","Spytihnev I","Son of Borivoj I"),
("4427","0","0","0915","0","0","0921","Vratislav I. (Vratislaus)","Brother of Spytihnev I"),
("4428","0","0","0921","0","0","0935","V clav I. Svaty (Wenceslaus)","Son of Vratislav I; known as St. Wenceslaus (\"Good King Wenceslas\" for English speaking people), the patron saint of the Czech lands."),
("4429","0","0","0935","0","0","0972","Boleslav I. Ukrutny (Boleslaus I the Cruel)","Brother of V clav I."),
("4430","0","0","0972","0","0","0999","Boleslav II. Pobozny (Boleslaus II the Pious)","Son of Boleslav I."),
("4431","0","0","0999","0","0","1002","Boleslav III. Rysavy (Boleslaus III the Red-haired)","Son of Boleslav II."),
("4432","0","0","1002","0","0","1003","Vladivoj Of the Piast dynasty (?).","Said to be first cousin of Boleslav III. Polish name Wladywoj."),
("4433","0","0","1003","0","0","1003","Boleslav III.","Second time"),
("4434","0","0","1003","0","0","1004","Boleslav Chrabry (Boleslaus the Brave) Of the Piast dynasty;","Brother of Vladivoj (?). Duke - later king - of Poland (as Boleslaw I Chrobry). The fourth Bohemian ruler with name Boleslav but noted under his original name (without ordinal number)."),
("4435","0","0","1004","0","0","1012","Jarom¡r","Brother of Boleslav III."),
("4436","0","0","1012","0","0","1033","Oldrich","Brother of Jarom¡r. Also known as Odalrich, Udalrich, Ulrich."),
("4437","0","0","1033","0","0","1034","Jarom¡r","Second time"),
("4438","0","0","1034","0","0","1034","Oldrich","Second time"),
("4439","0","0","1034","0","0","1055","Bretislav I. (Bretislaus)","Son of Oldrich."),
("4440","0","0","1055","0","0","1061","Spytihnev II.","Son of Bretislav I."),
("4441","0","0","1061","0","0","1092","Vratislav II","Brother of Spytihnev II. King 1085-1092 as Vratislav I."),
("4442","0","0","1092","0","0","1092","Konr d I. Brnensky (Conrad of Brno)","Brother of Vratislav II."),
("4443","6","22","1377","29","9","1399","Richard II","House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince,  grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament"),
("4444","9","30","1399","20","3","1413","Henry IV","House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II."),
("4445","3","21","1413","31","8","1422","Henry V","House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt"),
("4446","9","1","1422","5","3","1461","Henry VI","House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer\'s Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower"),
("4447","3","5","1461","29","9","1483","Edward IV","House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York"),
("4448","4","9","1483","25","6","1483","Edward V","House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London."),
("4449","8","22","1485","21","4","1508","Henry VII Gaunt","House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt.  By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York"),
("4450","4","22","1509","28","1","1547","Henry VIII","House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV"),
("4451","1","28","1547","6","7","1553","Edward VI","House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen.  Ruled under regents.  Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor.  Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553.  Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553."),
("4452","7","6","1553","19","7","1553","Jane","House of Tudor: Jane claimed throne on death of Edward VI, removed by Mary I"),
("4453","7","19","1553","17","11","1558","Mary I","House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon"),
("4454","11","17","1558","24","3","1603","Elizabeth I","House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn"),
("4455","0","0","1625","0","0","1625","Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion"," "),
("4456","0","0","1629","0","0","1629","Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine"," "),
("4457","0","0","1636","0","0","1636","W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer"," "),
("4458","0","0","1642","0","0","1642","Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine"," "),
("4459","0","0","1643","0","0","1643","Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer"," "),
("4460","0","0","1650","0","0","1650","Otto von Guericke invents a air pump"," "),
("4461","0","0","1656","0","0","1656","Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock"," "),
("4462","0","0","1660","0","0","1660","Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region"," "),
("4463","0","0","1663","0","0","1663","James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope"," "),
("4464","0","0","1668","0","0","1668","Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope"," "),
("4465","0","0","1670","0","0","1670","Dom Pérignon invents Champagne"," "),
("4466","0","0","1670","0","0","1670","The first reference to a candy cane is made"," "),
("4467","0","0","1671","0","0","1671","Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine"," "),
("4468","0","0","1675","0","0","1675","Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch"," "),
("4469","0","0","1676","0","0","1676","Robert Hooke invents the universal joint"," "),
("4470","0","0","1679","0","0","1679","Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker"," "),
("4471","0","0","1698","0","0","1698","Englishmen, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump"," "),
("4472","0","0","1701","0","0","1701","Jethro Tull invents the seed drill"," "),
("4473","0","0","1709","0","0","1709","Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano"," "),
("4474","0","0","1711","0","0","1711","Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork"," "),
("4475","0","0","1712","0","0","1712","Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine"," "),
("4476","0","0","1717","0","0","1717","Edmond Halley invents the diving bell"," "),
("4477","0","0","1722","0","0","1722","French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher"," "),
("4478","0","0","1724","0","0","1724","Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer"," "),
("4479","0","0","1733","0","0","1733","John Kay invents the flying shuttle"," "),
("4480","0","0","1745","0","0","1745","E.G. von Kleist invents the leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor"," "),
("4481","0","0","1752","0","0","1752","Benjamin Franklin invents the lightening rod"," "),
("4482","0","0","1755","0","0","1755","Samuel Johnson publishes the first English language dictionary"," "),
("4483","0","0","1757","0","0","1757","John Campbell invents the sextant"," "),
("4484","0","0","1758","0","0","1758","Dolland invents a chromatic lens"," "),
("4485","0","0","1761","0","0","1761","Englishmen, John Harrison invents the navigational clock or marine chronometer for measuring longitude"," "),
("4486","0","0","1764","0","0","1764","James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny"," "),
("4487","0","0","1767","0","0","1767","Joseph Priestley invents carbonated water - soda water"," "),
("4488","0","0","1768","0","0","1768","Richard Arkwright patents the spinning frame"," "),
("4489","0","0","1769","0","0","1769","James Watt invents an improved steam engine"," "),
("4490","0","0","1774","0","0","1774","Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph"," "),
("4491","0","0","1775","0","0","1775","Alexander Cummings invents the flush toilet"," "),
("4492","0","0","1775","0","0","1775","Jacques Perrier invents a steamship"," "),
("4493","0","0","1776","0","0","1776","David Bushnell invents a submarine"," "),
("4494","0","0","1779","0","0","1779","Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule"," "),
("4495","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","Benjamin Franklin invents bi-focal eyeglasses"," "),
("4496","0","0","1780","0","0","1780","Gervinus invents the circular saw"," "),
("4497","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","Englishmen, Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production"," "),
("4498","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","Louis Sebastien demonstrates the first parachute"," "),
("4499","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier invent the hot-air balloon"," "),
("4500","0","0","1783","0","0","1783","Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock"," "),
("4501","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine"," "),
("4502","0","0","1784","0","0","1784","Joseph Bramah invents the safety lock"," "),
("4503","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance"," "),
("4504","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","Blanchard invents a working parachute"," "),
("4505","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom"," "),
("4506","0","0","1785","0","0","1785","Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching"," "),
("4507","0","0","1786","0","0","1786","John Fitch invents a steamboat"," "),
("4508","0","0","1789","0","0","1789","The guillotine is invented"," "),
("4509","0","0","1790","0","0","1790","The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton"," "),
("4510","0","0","1791","0","0","1791","John Barber invents the gas turbine"," "),
("4511","0","0","1791","0","0","1791","Early bicycles invented in Scotland"," "),
("4512","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","William Murdoch invents gas lighting"," "),
("4513","0","0","1792","0","0","1792","The first ambulance"," "),
("4514","0","0","1794","0","0","1794","Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin"," "),
("4515","0","0","1794","0","0","1794","Welshmen, Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings"," "),
("4516","0","0","1795","0","0","1795","Francois Appert invents the preserving jar for food"," "),
("4517","0","0","1796","0","0","1796","Edward Jenner creates a smallpox vaccination"," "),
("4518","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","A British inventor, Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe"," "),
("4519","0","0","1797","0","0","1797","Wittemore patents a carding machine"," "),
("4520","0","0","1798","0","0","1798","Aloys Senefelder invents lithography"," "),
("4521","0","0","1798","0","0","1798","The first soft drink invented"," "),
("4522","0","0","1799","0","0","1799","Alessandro Volta invents the battery"," "),
("4523","0","0","1799","0","0","1799","Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making"," "),
("4524","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","Count Alessandro Volta invents the battery"," "),
("4525","0","0","1800","0","0","1800","Frenchmen, J.M. Jacquard invents the Jacquard Loom"," "),
("4526","0","0","1804","0","0","1804","Richard Trevithick, an English mining engineer, developed the first steam-powered locomotive"," "),
("4527","0","0","1804","0","0","1804","Freidrich Winzer (Winsor) was the first person to patent gas lighting"," "),
("4528","0","0","1809","0","0","1809","Humphry Davy invents the first electric light - the first arc lamp"," "),
("4529","0","0","1810","0","0","1810","German, Frederick Koenig invents an improved printing press"," "),
("4530","0","0","1810","0","0","1810","Peter Durand invents the tin can"," "),
("4531","0","0","1814","0","0","1814","George Stephenson designs the first steam locomotive"," "),
("4532","0","0","1814","0","0","1814","Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph"," "),
("4533","0","0","1814","0","0","1814","German, Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectrocope for the chemical analysis of glowing objects"," "),
("4534","0","0","1814","0","0","1814","The first plastic surgery is performed in England"," "),
("4535","0","0","1815","0","0","1815","Humphry Davy invents the miner\'s lamp"," "),
("4536","0","0","1819","0","0","1819","René Laënnec invents the stethoscope"," "),
("4537","0","0","1819","0","0","1819","Samuel Fahnestock patents a \"soda fountain\""," "),
("4538","0","0","1823","0","0","1823","Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland"," "),
("4539","0","0","1824","0","0","1824","Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon"," "),
("4540","0","0","1824","0","0","1824","Englishmen, Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material"," "),
("4541","0","0","1825","0","0","1825","William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet"," "),
("4542","0","0","1827","0","0","1827","Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone"," "),
("4543","0","0","1827","0","0","1827","John Walker invents the modern matches"," "),
("4544","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter"," "),
("4545","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing"," "),
("4546","0","0","1829","0","0","1829","American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter"," "),
("4547","0","0","1830","0","0","1830","Frenchmen, B. Thimonnier invents a sewing machine"," "),
("4548","0","0","1831","0","0","1831","American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper"," "),
("4549","0","0","1831","0","0","1831","Michael Faraday invents an electric dynamo"," "),
("4550","0","0","1832","0","0","1832","Englishmen, Louis Braille invents the stereoscope"," "),
("4551","0","0","1834","0","0","1834","Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine)"," "),
("4552","0","0","1834","0","0","1834","Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent"," "),
("4553","0","0","1835","0","0","1835","Englishmen, Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller"," "),
("4554","0","0","1835","0","0","1835","Englishmen, Henry F. Talbot invents Calotype photography"," "),
("4555","0","0","1835","0","0","1835","Solymon Merrick patents the wrench"," "),
("4556","0","0","1835","0","0","1835","Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator"," "),
("4557","0","0","1836","0","0","1836","Samuel Colt invented the first revolver"," "),
("4558","0","0","1837","0","0","1837","Samuel Morse invents the telegraph"," "),
("4559","0","0","1837","0","0","1837","English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp"," "),
("4560","0","0","1838","0","0","1838","Samual Morse invents Morse Code"," "),
("4561","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce co-invent Daguerreotype photography"," "),
("4562","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents a bicycle"," "),
("4563","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","American, Charles Goodyear invents rubber vulcanization"," "),
("4564","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","Welshmen, Sir William Robert Grove conceives of the first hydrogen fuel cell"," "),
("4565","0","0","1839","0","0","1839","American, Thaddeus Fairbanks invents platform scales"," "),
("4566","0","0","1840","0","0","1840","Englishmen, John Herschel invents the blueprint"," "),
("4567","0","0","1841","0","0","1841","Samuel Slocum patents the stapler"," "),
("4568","0","0","1842","0","0","1842","Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator"," "),
("4569","0","0","1843","0","0","1843","Alexander Bain of Scotland, invents the facsimile"," "),
("4570","0","0","1844","0","0","1844","Englishmen, John Mercer invents mercerized cotton"," "),
("4571","0","0","1845","0","0","1845","American, Elias Howe invents a sewing machine"," "),
("4572","0","0","1845","0","0","1845","Robert William Thomson patents the first vulcanised rubber pneumatic tire"," "),
("4573","0","0","1846","0","0","1846","Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction"," "),
("4574","0","0","1847","0","0","1847","Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics"," "),
("4575","0","0","1848","0","0","1848","Waldo Hanchett patents the dental chair"," "),
("4576","0","0","1849","0","0","1849","Walter Hunt invents the safety pin"," "),
("4577","0","0","1850","0","0","1850","Joel Houghton was granted the first dishwasher patent"," "),
("4578","0","0","1851","0","0","1851","Isaac Singer invents a sewing machine"," "),
("4579","0","0","1852","0","0","1852","Jean Bernard Léon Foucault invents a gyroscope"," "),
("4580","0","0","1852","0","0","1852","Henri Giffard builds an airship powered by the first aircraft engine - unsuccessful design"," "),
("4581","0","0","1853","0","0","1853","George Cayley invents a manned glider"," "),
("4582","0","0","1854","0","0","1854","John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics"," "),
("4583","0","0","1855","0","0","1855","Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor"," "),
("4584","0","0","1855","0","0","1855","Georges Audemars invents rayon"," "),
("4585","0","0","1856","0","0","1856","Louis Pasteur invents pasteurisation"," "),
("4586","0","0","1857","0","0","1857","George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel"," "),
("4587","0","0","1858","0","0","1858","Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine"," "),
("4588","0","0","1858","0","0","1858","Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine"," "),
("4589","0","0","1861","0","0","1861","Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator"," "),
("4590","0","0","1861","0","0","1861","Pierre Michaux invents a bicycle"," "),
("4591","0","0","1861","0","0","1861","Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock"," "),
("4592","0","0","1862","0","0","1862","Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic"," "),
("4593","0","0","1862","0","0","1862","Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun"," "),
("4594","0","0","1866","0","0","1866","Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo"," "),
("4595","0","0","1866","0","0","1866","J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener"," "),
("4596","0","0","1866","0","0","1866","Alfred Nobel invents dynamite"," "),
("4597","0","0","1867","0","0","1867","Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter"," "),
("4598","0","0","1868","0","0","1868","J P Knight invents traffic lights"," "),
("4599","0","0","1868","0","0","1868","George Westinghouse invents air brakes"," "),
("4600","0","0","1868","0","0","1868","Robert Mushet invents tungsten steel"," "),
("4601","0","0","1872","0","0","1872","A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog"," "),
("4602","0","0","1872","0","0","1872","J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill"," "),
("4603","0","0","1873","0","0","1873","Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire"," "),
("4604","0","0","1874","0","0","1874","American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher"," "),
("4605","0","0","1876","0","0","1876","Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine"," "),
("4606","0","0","1876","0","0","1876","Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone"," "),
("4607","0","0","1876","0","0","1876","Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper"," "),
("4608","0","0","1877","0","0","1877","Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph"," "),
("4609","0","0","1877","0","0","1877","Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures"," "),
("4610","0","0","1878","0","0","1878","Sir Joseph Wilson Swan was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb"," "),
("4611","0","0","1880","0","0","1880","Englishmen, John Milne invents the modern seismograph"," "),
("4612","0","0","1880","0","0","1880","The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper"," "),
("4613","0","0","1881","0","0","1881","David Houston patents the roll film for cameras"," "),
("4614","0","0","1881","0","0","1881","Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector"," "),
("4615","0","0","1881","0","0","1881","Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano"," "),
("4616","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","James Ritty invents the first working, mechanical cash register"," "),
("4617","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","Charles Parson patents the steam turbine"," "),
("4618","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen"," "),
("4619","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film"," "),
("4620","0","0","1884","0","0","1884","Frenchmen, H. de Chardonnet invents rayon"," "),
("4621","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine"," "),
("4622","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","Harim Maxim invents the machine gun"," "),
("4623","0","0","1885","0","0","1885","Gottlieb Daimler invents the first gas-engined motorcycle"," "),
("4624","0","0","1886","0","0","1886","Gottlieb Daimler builds the world\'s first four-wheeled motor vehicle"," "),
("4625","0","0","1886","0","0","1886","John Pemberton invents Coca Cola"," "),
("4626","0","0","1886","0","0","1886","Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher"," "),
("4627","0","0","1887","0","0","1887","German, Heinrich Hertz invents radar"," "),
("4628","0","0","1887","0","0","1887","Rowell Hodge patents barbed wire"," "),
("4629","0","0","1887","0","0","1887","Emile Berliner invents the gramophone"," "),
("4630","0","0","1887","0","0","1887","F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invent the first wearable contact lenses"," "),
("4631","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","John Boyd Dunlop patents a commercially successful pneumatic tire"," "),
("4632","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","Nikola Tesla invents the AC motor and transformer"," "),
("4633","0","0","1888","0","0","1888","Marvin Stone patents the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws"," "),
("4634","0","0","1889","0","0","1889","Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder"," "),
("4635","0","0","1889","0","0","1889","Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook"," "),
("4636","0","0","1891","0","0","1891","Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator"," "),
("4637","0","0","1892","0","0","1892","Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask"," "),
("4638","0","0","1892","0","0","1892","Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine"," "),
("4639","0","0","1893","0","0","1893","American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper"," "),
("4640","0","0","1893","0","0","1893","Edward Goodrich Acheson invents carborundum"," "),
("4641","0","0","1895","0","0","1895","Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one "," "),
("4642","0","0","1895","0","0","1895","Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe"," "),
("4643","0","0","1896","0","0","1896","American, H. O\'Sullivan invents the rubber heel"," "),
("4644","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","Rudolf Diesel receives patent #608,845 for an \"internal combustion engine\" the Diesel engine"," "),
("4645","0","0","1898","0","0","1898","Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster"," "),
("4646","0","0","1899","0","0","1899","J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner"," "),
("4647","0","0","1899","0","0","1899","I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame"," "),
("4648","0","0","1900","0","0","1900","The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin"," "),
("4649","0","0","1900","0","0","1900","Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno\'s escalator and invented the modern escalator"," "),
("4650","0","0","1901","0","0","1901","King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor"," "),
("4651","0","0","1901","0","0","1901","The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission"," "),
("4652","0","0","1901","0","0","1901","Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner"," "),
("4653","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner"," "),
("4654","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","French physicist George Claude invents neon light"," "),
("4655","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie"," "),
("4656","0","0","1902","0","0","1902","The birth of the Teddy Bear"," "),
("4657","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons"," "),
("4658","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens"," "),
("4659","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane"," "),
("4660","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers"," "),
("4661","0","0","1903","0","0","1903","William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs"," "),
("4662","0","0","1904","0","0","1904","Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan"," "),
("4663","0","0","1904","0","0","1904","Benjamin Holt invents a tractor"," "),
("4664","0","0","1904","0","0","1904","John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve"," "),
("4665","0","0","1905","0","0","1905","Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2"," "),
("4666","0","0","1905","0","0","1905","Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers"," "),
("4667","0","0","1906","0","0","1906","William Kellogg invents Cornflakes"," "),
("4668","0","0","1906","0","0","1906","Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device"," "),
("4669","0","0","1906","0","0","1906","Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode)"," "),
("4670","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite"," "),
("4671","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere"," "),
("4672","0","0","1907","0","0","1907","The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu"," "),
("4673","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry"," "),
("4674","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger"," "),
("4675","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","Model T first sold"," "),
("4676","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter"," "),
("4677","0","0","1908","0","0","1908","Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates"," "),
("4678","0","0","1909","0","0","1909","Instant coffee invented by G. Washington"," "),
("4679","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture"," "),
("4680","0","0","1910","0","0","1910","Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris"," "),
("4681","0","0","1911","0","0","1911","Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system"," "),
("4682","0","0","1912","0","0","1912","Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras"," "),
("4683","0","0","1912","0","0","1912","The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole"," "),
("4684","0","0","1912","0","0","1912","Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912"," "),
("4685","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne"," "),
("4686","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as, ecstasy"," "),
("4687","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra"," "),
("4688","0","0","1913","0","0","1913","Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper"," "),
("4689","0","0","1914","0","0","1914","Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask"," "),
("4690","0","0","1915","0","0","1915","Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City"," "),
("4691","0","0","1916","0","0","1916","Radios tuners invented, that received different stations"," "),
("4692","0","0","1916","0","0","1916","Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly"," "),
("4693","0","0","1917","0","0","1917","Gideon Sundback patented the modern zipper (not the first zipper)"," "),
("4694","0","0","1918","0","0","1918","The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong"," "),
("4695","0","0","1918","0","0","1918","Charles Jung invented fortune cookies"," "),
("4696","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite"," "),
("4697","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","Short-wave radio invented"," "),
("4698","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","The flip-flop circuit invented"," "),
("4699","0","0","1919","0","0","1919","The arc welder invented"," "),
("4700","0","0","1920","0","0","1920","The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson"," "),
("4701","0","0","1920","0","0","1920","The Band-Aid (pronounced \'ban-\'dade) invented by Earle Dickson"," "),
("4702","0","0","1921","0","0","1921","Artificial life begins -- the first robot built"," "),
("4703","0","0","1921","0","0","1921","John Larson invented the lie detector"," "),
("4704","0","0","1922","0","0","1922","Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting"," "),
("4705","0","0","1922","0","0","1922","The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released"," "),
("4706","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","Garrett A. Morgan invents a traffic signal"," "),
("4707","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin"," "),
("4708","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","John Harwood invented the self-winding watch"," "),
("4709","0","0","1923","0","0","1923","Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food"," "),
("4710","0","0","1924","0","0","1924","The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg"," "),
("4711","0","0","1924","0","0","1924","Notebooks with spiral bindings invented"," "),
("4712","0","0","1925","0","0","1925","The mechanical television a precursor to the modern television, invented by John Logie Baird"," "),
("4713","0","0","1926","0","0","1926","Robert H. Goddard invents liquid-fueled rockets"," "),
("4714","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy"," "),
("4715","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch"," "),
("4716","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","Philo Taylor Farnsworth invents a complete electronic TV system"," "),
("4717","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","Technicolor invented"," "),
("4718","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","Erik Rotheim patents an aerosol can"," "),
("4719","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock"," "),
("4720","0","0","1927","0","0","1927","Philip Drinker invents the iron lung"," "),
("4721","0","0","1928","0","0","1928","Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin"," "),
("4722","0","0","1928","0","0","1928","Bubble gum invented by Walter E. Diemer"," "),
("4723","0","0","1928","0","0","1928","Jacob Schick patented the electric shaver"," "),
("4724","0","0","1929","0","0","1929","American, Paul Galvin invents the car radio"," "),
("4725","0","0","1929","0","0","1929","Yo-Yo re-invented as an American fad"," "),
("4726","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","Scotch tape patented by 3M engineer, Richard G. Drew"," "),
("4727","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","The frozen food process patented by Clarence Birdseye"," "),
("4728","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents neoprene"," "),
("4729","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","The \"differential analyzer\", or analog computer invented by Vannevar Bush at MIT in Boston"," "),
("4730","0","0","1930","0","0","1930","Frank Whittle and Dr Hans von Ohain both invent a jet engine"," "),
("4731","0","0","1931","0","0","1931","Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography"," "),
("4732","0","0","1931","0","0","1931","Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the electron microscope"," "),
("4733","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","Polaroid photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land"," "),
("4734","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","The zoom lens and the light meter invented"," "),
("4735","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","Carl C. Magee invents the first parking meter"," "),
("4736","0","0","1932","0","0","1932","Karl Jansky invents the radio telescope"," "),
("4737","0","0","1933","0","0","1933","Frequency modulation (FM radio) invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong"," "),
("4738","0","0","1933","0","0","1933","Stereo records invented"," "),
("4739","0","0","1933","0","0","1933","Richard M. Hollingshead builds a prototype drive-in movie theater in his driveway"," "),
("4740","0","0","1934","0","0","1934","Englishmen, Percy Shaw invents cat eyes or roads reflectors"," "),
("4741","0","0","1934","0","0","1934","Charles Darrow claims he invented the game Monopoly"," "),
("4742","0","0","1934","0","0","1934","Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting - first magnetic recording"," "),
("4743","0","0","1935","0","0","1935","Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents nylon ( polymer 6.6.)"," "),
("4744","0","0","1935","0","0","1935","The first canned beer made"," "),
("4745","0","0","1935","0","0","1935","Robert Watson-Watt patented radar"," "),
("4746","0","0","1936","0","0","1936","Bell Labs invents the voice recognition machine"," "),
("4747","0","0","1936","0","0","1936","Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver"," "),
("4748","0","0","1937","0","0","1937","Chester F. Carlson invents the photocopier"," "),
("4749","0","0","1937","0","0","1937","The first jet engine is built"," "),
("4750","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","The ballpoint pen invented by Ladislo Biro"," "),
("4751","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","Strobe lighting invented"," "),
("4752","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or Teflon"," "),
("4753","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","Nescafe or freeze-dried coffee invented"," "),
("4754","0","0","1938","0","0","1938","The first working turboprop engine"," "),
("4755","0","0","1939","0","0","1939","Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful helicopter"," "),
("4756","0","0","1939","0","0","1939","The electron microscope invented"," "),
("4757","0","0","1940","0","0","1940","Dr William Reich invents the orgone accumulator"," "),
("4758","0","0","1940","0","0","1940","Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system"," "),
("4759","0","0","1940","0","0","1940","Karl Pabst invents the jeep"," "),
("4760","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","Konrad Zuse\'s Z3, the first computer controlled by software"," "),
("4761","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","Aerosol spray cans invented by American inventors, Lyle David Goodloe and W.N. Sullivan"," "),
("4762","0","0","1941","0","0","1941","Enrico Fermi invents the neutronic reactor"," "),
("4763","0","0","1942","0","0","1942","John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first electronic digital computer"," "),
("4764","0","0","1942","0","0","1942","Max Mueller designs a turboprop engine"," "),
("4765","0","0","1943","0","0","1943","Synthetic rubber invented"," "),
("4766","0","0","1943","0","0","1943","Richard James invents the slinky"," "),
("4767","0","0","1943","0","0","1943","James Wright invent silly putty"," "),
("4768","0","0","1943","0","0","1943","Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD"," "),
("4769","0","0","1943","0","0","1943","Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau invent the aqualung"," "),
("4770","0","0","1944","0","0","1944","The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff"," "),
("4771","0","0","1944","0","0","1944","Synthetic cortisone invented by Percy Lavon Julian"," "),
("4772","0","0","1945","0","0","1945","Vannevar Bush proposes hypertext"," "),
("4773","0","0","1945","0","0","1945","The atomic bomb invented"," "),
("4774","0","0","1946","0","0","1946","The microwave oven invented by Percy Spencer"," "),
("4775","0","0","1947","0","0","1947","British/Hungarian scientist, Dennis Gabor, developed the theory of holography"," "),
("4776","0","0","1947","0","0","1947","Mobile phones first invented"," "),
("4777","0","0","1947","0","0","1947","Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invent the transistor"," "),
("4778","0","0","1947","0","0","1947","Earl Silas Tupper patented the Tupperware seal"," "),
("4779","0","0","1948","0","0","1948","The Frisbee® invented by Walter Frederick Morrison and Warren Franscioni"," "),
("4780","0","0","1948","0","0","1948","Velcro ® invented by George de Mestral"," "),
("4781","0","0","1948","0","0","1948","Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer jukebox"," "),
("4782","0","0","1949","0","0","1949","Cake mix invented"," "),
("4783","0","0","1950","0","0","1950","The first credit card (Diners) invented by Ralph Schneider"," "),
("4784","0","0","1951","0","0","1951","Super glue invented"," "),
("4785","0","0","1951","0","0","1951","Power steering invented by Francis W. Davis"," "),
("4786","0","0","1951","0","0","1951","Charles Ginsburg invented the first videotape recorder (VTR)"," "),
("4787","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","Mr. Potato Head patented"," "),
("4788","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","The first patent for bar code (US Patent #2,612,994) issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver"," "),
("4789","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","The first diet soft drink sold"," "),
("4790","0","0","1952","0","0","1952","Edward Teller and team build the hydrogen bomb"," "),
("4791","0","0","1953","0","0","1953","Radial tires invented"," "),
("4792","0","0","1953","0","0","1953","The first musical synthesizer invented by RCA"," "),
("4793","0","0","1953","0","0","1953","David Warren invented the black box - flight recorder"," "),
("4794","0","0","1953","0","0","1953","Transistor radio invented by Texas Instruments"," "),
("4795","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","Oral contraceptives invented"," "),
("4796","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","The first nonstick pan produced"," "),
("4797","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","The solar cell invented by Chaplin, Fuller and Pearson"," "),
("4798","0","0","1954","0","0","1954","Ray Kroc started McDonalds"," "),
("4799","0","0","1955","0","0","1955","Tetracycline invented"," "),
("4800","0","0","1955","0","0","1955","Optic fiber invented"," "),
("4801","0","0","1956","0","0","1956","The first computer hard disk used"," "),
("4802","0","0","1956","0","0","1956","The hovercraft invented by Christopher Cockerell"," "),
("4803","0","0","1956","0","0","1956","Bette Nesmith Graham invented \"Mistake Out,\" later renamed Liquid Paper, to paint over mistakes made with a typewriter"," "),
("4804","0","0","1957","0","0","1957","Fortran (computer language) invented"," "),
("4805","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","The modem invented"," "),
("4806","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","Gordon Gould invents the laser"," "),
("4807","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","The Hula Hoop invented by Richard Knerr and Arthur \"Spud\" Melin"," "),
("4808","0","0","1958","0","0","1958","The integrated circuit invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce"," "),
("4809","0","0","1959","0","0","1959","The internal pacemaker invented by Wilson Greatbatch"," "),
("4810","0","0","1959","0","0","1959","Barbie Doll invented"," "),
("4811","0","0","1959","0","0","1959","Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce both invent the microchip"," "),
("4812","0","0","1960","0","0","1960","The halogen lamp invented"," "),
("4813","0","0","1961","0","0","1961","Valium invented"," "),
("4814","0","0","1961","0","0","1961","The nondairy creamer invented"," "),
("4815","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","The audio cassette invented"," "),
("4816","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","The fiber-tip pen invented by Yukio Horie"," "),
("4817","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","Spacewar, the first computer video game invented"," "),
("4818","0","0","1962","0","0","1962","Dow Corp invents silicone breast implants"," "),
("4819","0","0","1963","0","0","1963","The first videodisc invented"," "),
("4820","0","0","1964","0","0","1964","Acrylic paint invented"," "),
("4821","0","0","1964","0","0","1964","Permanent-press fabric invented"," "),
("4822","0","0","1964","0","0","1964","BASIC (an early computer language) is invented by John George Kemeny and Tom Kurtz"," "),
("4823","0","0","1965","0","0","1965","Astroturf invented"," "),
("4824","0","0","1965","0","0","1965","Soft contact lenses invented"," "),
("4825","0","0","1965","0","0","1965","NutraSweet invented"," "),
("4826","0","0","1965","0","0","1965","The compact disk invented by James Russell"," "),
("4827","0","0","1965","0","0","1965","Kevlar invented by Stephanie Louise Kwolek"," "),
("4828","0","0","1966","0","0","1966","Electronic Fuel injection for cars invented"," "),
("4829","0","0","1967","0","0","1967","The first handheld calculator invented"," "),
("4830","0","0","1968","0","0","1968","The computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart"," "),
("4831","0","0","1968","0","0","1968","The first computer with integrated circuits made"," "),
("4832","0","0","1968","0","0","1968","Robert Dennard invented RAM (random access memory)"," "),
("4833","0","0","1969","0","0","1969","The arpanet (first internet) invented"," "),
("4834","0","0","1969","0","0","1969","The artificial heart invented"," "),
("4835","0","0","1969","0","0","1969","The ATM invented"," "),
("4836","0","0","1969","0","0","1969","The bar-code scanner is invented"," "),
("4837","0","0","1970","0","0","1970","The daisy-wheel printer invented"," "),
("4838","0","0","1970","0","0","1970","The floppy disk invented by Alan Shugart"," "),
("4839","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","The dot-matrix printer invented"," "),
("4840","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","The food processor invented"," "),
("4841","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","The liquid-crystal display (LCD) invented by James Fergason"," "),
("4842","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","The microprocessor invented by Faggin, Hoff and Mazor"," "),
("4843","0","0","1971","0","0","1971","VCR or videocassette recorder invented"," "),
("4844","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","The word processor invented"," "),
("4845","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","Pong (first video game) invented by Nolan Bushnell"," "),
("4846","0","0","1972","0","0","1972","Hacky Sack® invented by John Stalberger and Mike Marshall"," "),
("4847","0","0","1973","0","0","1973","Gene splicing invented"," "),
("4848","0","0","1973","0","0","1973","The ethernet (local computer network) invented by Robert Metcalfe and Xerox"," "),
("4849","0","0","1973","0","0","1973","Bic invents the disposable lighter"," "),
("4850","0","0","1974","0","0","1974","The post-it note invented by Arthur Fry"," "),
("4851","0","0","1974","0","0","1974","Giorgio Fischer, a gynecologist from Rome, Italy, invents liposuction"," "),
("4852","0","0","1975","0","0","1975","The laser printer invented"," "),
("4853","0","0","1975","0","0","1975","The push-through tab on a drink can invented"," "),
("4854","0","0","1976","0","0","1976","The ink-jet printer invented"," "),
("4855","0","0","1977","0","0","1977","Magnetic resonance imaging invented by Raymond V. Damadian"," "),
("4856","0","0","1978","0","0","1978","Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston invented the VisiCalc spreadsheet"," "),
("4857","0","0","1978","0","0","1978","The artificial heart Jarvik-7 invented by Robert K. Jarvik"," "),
("4858","0","0","1979","0","0","1979","Cellular phones invented"," "),
("4859","0","0","1979","0","0","1979","Cray supercomputer invented by Seymour Cray"," "),
("4860","0","0","1979","0","0","1979","Walkman invented"," "),
("4861","0","0","1979","0","0","1979","Scott Olson invents roller blades"," "),
("4862","0","0","1980","0","0","1980","The hepatitis-B vaccine invented"," "),
("4863","0","0","1981","0","0","1981","MS-DOS invented"," "),
("4864","0","0","1981","0","0","1981","The first IBM-PC invented"," "),
("4865","0","0","1981","0","0","1981","The scanning tunneling microscope invented by Gerd Karl Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer"," "),
("4866","0","0","1982","0","0","1982","Human growth hormone genetically engineered"," "),
("4867","0","0","1983","0","0","1983","The Apple Lisa invented"," "),
("4868","0","0","1983","0","0","1983","Soft bifocal contact lens invented"," "),
("4869","0","0","1983","0","0","1983","First Cabbage Patch Kids sold"," "),
("4870","0","0","1983","0","0","1983","Programmer Jaron Lanier first coins the term \"virtual reality\""," "),
("4871","0","0","1984","0","0","1984","The CD-ROM invented"," "),
("4872","0","0","1984","0","0","1984","The Apple Macintosh invented"," "),
("4873","0","0","1985","0","0","1985","Windows program invented by Microsoft"," "),
("4874","0","0","1986","0","0","1986","A high-temperature super-conductor invented by J. Georg Bednorz and Karl A. Muller"," "),
("4875","0","0","1986","0","0","1986","Synthetic skin invented by G. Gregory Gallico, III"," "),
("4876","0","0","1986","0","0","1986","Fuji introduced the disposable camera"," "),
("4877","0","0","1987","0","0","1987","The first 3-D video game invented"," "),
("4878","0","0","1987","0","0","1987","Disposable contact lenses invented"," "),
("4879","0","0","1988","0","0","1988","Digital cellular phones invented"," "),
("4880","0","0","1988","0","0","1988","The RU-486 (abortion pill) invented"," "),
("4881","0","0","1988","0","0","1988","Doppler radar invented by Christian Andreas Doppler"," "),
("4882","0","0","1988","0","0","1988","Prozac® invented at the Eli Lilly Company by inventor Ray Fuller"," "),
("4883","0","0","1988","0","0","1988","The first patent for a genetically engineered animal is issued to Harvard University researchers Philip Leder and Timothy Stewar"," "),
("4884","0","0","1988","0","0","1988","Ralph Alessio and Fredrik Olsen received a patent for the Indiglo ® nightlight"," "),
("4885","0","0","1989","0","0","1989","High-definition television invented"," "),
("4886","0","0","1990","0","0","1990","The World Wide Web/Internet protocol (HTTP) and WWW language (HTML) created by Tim Berners-Lee"," "),
("4887","0","0","1991","0","0","1991","The digital answering machine invented"," "),
("4888","0","0","1992","0","0","1992","The smart pill invented"," "),
("4889","0","0","1993","0","0","1993","The pentium processor invented"," "),
("4890","0","0","1994","0","0","1994","HIV protease inhibitor invented"," "),
("4891","0","0","1995","0","0","1995","The Java computer language invented"," "),
("4892","0","0","1995","0","0","1995","DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) invented"," "),
("4893","0","0","1996","0","0","1996","Web TV invented"," "),
("4894","0","0","1997","0","0","1997","The gas-powered fuel cell invented"," "),
("4895","0","0","1998","0","0","1998","Viagra® invented"," "),
("4896","0","0","1999","0","0","1999","Scientists measure the fastest wind speed ever recorded on earth, 509 km/h(318 mph)"," "),
("4897","0","0","1999","0","0","1999","Tekno Bubbles patented"," ");