| Notes |
said to have died in battle with the Vikings[
said to have died in battle with the Vikings[
[[Category: Scotland, Monarchs]]
[[Category: House of Alpin 742-1499]]
[[Category: Battle of Dollar]]
}
}
== Biography ==
}
:'''''"Causantin mac Cin�eda," "C�iseam mac Choinnich," "Rex Pictorum"' ' ' ' '
::::::'''House of Alpin
::::'''Clann Chausantan (Northern Branch)'''
=== Birth ===[[MacAlpin-23|Constantine]] was born about 836 (see Resear c h N o t e s), the son of [[MacAlpin-11|Kenneth I, King of the Picts]] and h i s w i f e , [[Leinster-67|Unknown]].[Cawley, Charles, ''Me d i e v a l Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Fami l i e s , '' (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), chap. 1 . O R I G I NS, KINGS of SCOTLAND 834-1034, KENNETH [Cinaed] MacAlpin, [http :/ / f m g .ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#KennethIA 1. Constantine] < r ef name=Henry>''The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II o f E n g l a nd,'' Baldwin, Stewart, ed., Farmerie, Todd, ed., Cin�ed mac Ail p� n ( K e n neth I, (Online https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/, 2001), [ h t t p s ://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/causa000.htm Causant??n mac C i n �eda (Constantine I)]][Brown, Dauvit, ''Constantin e I [ C a u s ant�n mac Cinaeda],'' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. U ni t e d K i ngdom: Oxford University Press (2004), [https://doi.org/10.1093 / r e f : odnb/6114 Constantine I].]
=== Children of Constantine and an unknown wife ==="The name of Constan t i n e ' s wife is not known. Constantine I & his wife had one child."
# [[MacAlpin-22|Domnall mac Causant�n]], 889, succeeded as [[MacAlpin-2 2 | D o n ald II, King of Scots]]; [Duncan, A A M. ''Kingshi p o f t h e S c ots, A.D.842-1292: Succession and Independence.'' (Edinburgh C l a s s i c Editions). Kindle edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press ( 2 0 0 2 ) . 40. [Kindle].] 900, killed by Vikings in Forres or Dunnott a r a n d w a s buried on the Isle of Iona.
=== Alpinid Dynasty (Clann Chausantan and Clann Aeda) ===From about 889 , t h e k i n gship of Alba (Scotland) rotated between the descendants of [[ Ma c A l p in-11|Kenneth I (Cin�ed), King of the Picts and Scots]]. The chi l d r e n o f his two sons, [[MacAlpin-23|Constantine I, King of the Picts]] ( C l a n n C hausantan) and [[MacAlpin-28|Aedh, King of the Picts]] (Clann Ae d a ) f o r med competing branches of the Alpinid Dynasty, Clann Chausantan a n d C l a n n Aeda. This practice was probably intended to avoid monopoly of t h e m o n a rchy by one clan, and it may have originated in the earlier King d o m o f t h e Picts. [Woolf, Alex. ''From Pictland to Alba, AD 789-AD 1 0 7 0 . ' ' The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Mason, Roger, gen. ed. (E d i n b u rgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008), 223-224.] However, su c c e s s ion would later become more intensely competitive and eventually v i o l e n t. [ Lynch, Michael, editor. ''The Oxford Companion to Scottis h H i s t o ry,'' (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011), Kingship, 360 -3 6 2 . [ K indle].]
=== Constantine I, King of the Picts ===On 13 April 862/3, he succeeded h i s u n c l e [[MacAlpin-31|Donald I, King of the Picts]] as [[MacAlpin-23|C o n s t a ntine I, King of the Picts]] [Dunbar, Sir Archibald H, ''Scott i s h K i n gs: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625,'' (Edinb u r g h : D . Douglas, 1899), [https://archive.org/details/scottishkingsrev 0 0 d u n buoft/page/280/mode/1up?q=Dubh&view=theater 280.]][ a nd ruled over [[Wikipedia:Picts|Pictland]] ([[Wikipedia:Fortriu| F o r t r iu]]) for sixteen years. ][Skene, William Forbes. ' ' C e l t ic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alba.'' (Edinburgh: David Dougla s , 1 8 8 6 ). vol. 1, [https://archive.org/details/celticscotlandhi01skenuo f t / p a ge/323/mode/1up?q=Aedh 323]] Early during his reign, he was b e s i e g ed for three months in 866 by Norsemen and Irish from Dublin led b y [ [ D u b lin-16|Olaf, the White (Amlaibh), King of Dublin)]] and his bro th e r , [ [ Unknown-462562|Ivar (Imhair)]], who raided his kingdom and took m a n y P i c tish hostages back to Dublin. [Cawley, Charles, ''Medieval L a n d s : a P rosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families,'' ( H e r e f ord, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), chap. 8. Norse K i n g s , A . Kings of Dublin, [https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/IRELAND.htm # _ T o c 389126206 OLAF [Amlaib]]][O Corr�in, Professor Donnchadh ; M o r g a n, Dr Hiram, ''CELT; Corpus of Electronic Texts,'' (Cork, Irelan d: U n i v e rsity College, 2023), Annals of Ulster, Year U866.1, citing, "A mla �b a n d Auisle went with the foreigners of Ireland and Scotland to Fo rt r i u , p lundered the entire Pictish country and took away hostages from t h e m . " [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A/ 321]. ][Cannon, John; Hargreaves, Anne, ' ' T h e K i ngs and Queens of Britain (Oxford Quick Reference),'' Kindle edi t i o n , ( New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 94, 95. [Kindle].][O Corr�in, Professor Donnchadh; M or g a n , D r Hiram, ''CELT; Corpus of Electronic Texts,'' (Cork, Ireland: U n i v e r sity College, 2023), Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, citing, "Amlai b a n d I m a r came back from Alba to Ath Cliath, bringing many British and S c o t t i sh and Saxon prisoners with them. They numbered two hundred ships. " [ h t t p s://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100017.html FA 393, 871]. ]Skene, William Forbes, ''Chronicles of the Picts, chronic le s o f t h e S cots, and other early memorials of Scottish history,'' (Edi n bu rg h , H .M. General register, 1867), citing, "Constantine the son of K e n n e t h ruled for 16 years. During his first year M�el Sechnaill the kin g o f t h e I r ish died; and Aed the son of Niall took over his kingdom; an d a f t e r t wo years Olaf, with his foreigners, laid waste to Pictavia, an d d w e l t t here, from the Kalends of January until the feast of Saint Pat ri c k . A g ain in the third year Olaf, while collecting tribute, was kille d b y C o n s tantine. In his 14th year, at Dollar between the Danes and th e S c o t s , the Scots were annihilated at Atholl. The Norsemen spent a who le y e a r i n P ictavia." [https://archive.org/details/chroniclespicts01ske ngo o g / p age/8/mode/1up 8.][ Surviving this onslau gh t a n d s t ill seeking to increase territory, [[MacAlpin-23|Constantine I ] ] s e i z ed the weakened Kingdom of Strathclyde in 870. Arranging the as s a s s i nation of [[Strathclyde-5|Arthgal, king of Dumbarton]], ][O Cor r �i n, Professor Donnchadh; Morgan, Dr Hiram, ''CELT; Corpus of Electron i c T e x t s,'' (Cork, Ireland: University College, 2023), Annals of Ulster , Y e a r U 8 72.5, citing, "Artgal, king of the Britons of Strathclyde, was k i l l e d a t the instigation of Constantine son of Cinaed." [https://celt.u c c . i e /published/T100001A/ 329].][ he married his s i s t e r , [[MacAlpin-5|Unknown MacAlpin]], to Arthgal's son, [[Strathclyde - 3 | R u n]]. However, in 875, the end of his reign was imminent as [[Wiki p e d i a :Halfdan Ragnarsson|Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish king of York]], i n f l i c ted a "crushing defeat" upon the Picts at Dollar (now [[Wikipedia: D o l l a r, Clackmannanshire|Dollar, Clackmannanshire]]). The Vikings force d t h e m b a ck to the highlands in Atholl and "occupied the east-central l o w l a n ds for a year." ]
=== Death ===The end came as [[MacAlpin-23|Constantine I, King of the P i c t s ] ] by the Norwegians in a battle at Inverdofatha in 876, [ "long dark river-mouth," a l s o d e s cribed as Inverdorat, "the Black Cove." (This is likely to mean, " t h e l o n g black cave," in which Constantine is supposed to have suffered t h e c r u e l death of "[[Wikipedia:Blood eagle|the Blood eagle]]"). ][Ro b e r t s on, Eben William. ''Scotland under her early kings: a history of t h e k i n g dom to the close of the thirteenth century.'' (Edinburgh: Edmons t o n a n d D ouglas, 1862), [https://archive.org/details/scotlandunderh01ro b e / p a ge/48/mode/1up?q=Spread+eagle 48].] He was buried at Iona. < r e f n a m e=ODNB/>
He was succeeded by his brother, [[MacAlpin-28|Aodh, King of the Picts] ] . < r e f n ame=Cannon/>
== Research Notes ==# '''Estimated birth year, 836.''' He succeeded as k i n g i n 8 6 2 and died in 877. The unsourced birth year of 836 would make h i m 2 6 y e a rs old at succession and 41 at death; possible and not unlikel y .
This profile was created through the import of MOR2003d.GED on 22 April 2 0 1 1 . T h e following data was included in the gedcom. You may wish to ed i t i t f o r r eadability.
=== Note ===
: Note: [[#NI1021]]
=== Notes ===
: Note NI1021Constantine I of Scotland
: King of Picts
== Sources ==
See also:* Anderson, Marjorie O[gilvie]. ''Kings and Kingship in Early S c o t l a nd.'' (Edinburgh: Berlinn, 1973), 71, 73, 78f, 197, 213, 217f, 250 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 6, 263, 267, 274, 283, 288, 290.* O Corr�in, Professor Donncha dh ; M o r g an, Dr Hiram, ''CELT; Corpus of Electronic Texts,'' (Cork, Irel a nd : U n i versity College, 2023), [https://celt.ucc.ie/index.html Index]. * W i k i p e dia contributors, ''Causant�n mac Cin�eda,'' (Wikipedia, The Free E n c y c l opedia, 2023), [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Causant % C 3 % A Dn_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda&oldid=1134527643 Causant�n mac Cin�eda]* Wikip e d i a c o ntributors. ''House of Alpin.'' (Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedi a , 2 0 2 3 ), [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Alpin&ol d i d = 1 107630786 House of Alpin]
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836 - 877 (41 years)
