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Pepin[a] the Short (Latin: Pipinus; French: Pépin le Bref; c. 714 - 24 S e p t e m ber 768), was King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. H e w a s t h e f irst Carolingian to become king.
Pepin was the son of the Frankish prince Charles Martel and his wife Ro t r u d e . Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical educa t i o n h e h ad received from the Christian monks of the Abbey Church of St . D e n i s , near Paris. Succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace i n 7 4 1 , P e pin reigned over Francia jointly with his elder brother, Carlo ma n . P e p in ruled in Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence, while his older b r o t h e r Carloman established himself in Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thurin g i a . T h e brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the Bavaria n s , A q u itanians, Saxons, and the Alemanni in the early years of their r e i g n . I n 743, they ended the Frankish Interregnum [fr] by choosing Chil d e r i c I II, who was to be the last Merovingian monarch, as figurehead Ki n g o f t h e F ranks.
[[Category:Pippinid Dynasty]][[Category:Carolingian Dynasty]]
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|colspan="2"|King of the Franks
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|colspan="2"|House: Carolingian
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Pepin "The Short"
741: Pippin and Carloman respectively became mayors of Neustria and Au s t r asia palaces. ... Grifo, was imprisoned in a monastery ... Carloman, r e t i red to a monastery in 747. This left Pippin as sole mayor and dux et p r i n ceps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake P i p p in of Heristal.
Under reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps F r a n corum were the kingdom's army commanders, palace mayor, and specific a l l y commander of the year-round standing guard Martel began in 721.
Pippin and Carloman, installed Childeric III as a puppet king, even tho u g h M artel left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV.
When Carloman's retired, Grifo escaped and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavari a , w h o was married to Hiltrude. Odilo was forced by Pippin to acknowled g e F r ankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Pippin i n v a ded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlor d s h ip.
Since Pippin controlled the magnates and was the de facto ruler, he mad e t h e C arolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pippin asked Pope Z a c h ary who should be the royal ruler: the person with the title of King , o r t h e person who makes the decisions as King. Since the Pope depende d o n t h e Frankish armies for his independence, and had depended on them f o r p r otection from the Lombards since the days of Charles Martel, and P i p p in, as his father had, controlled those armies, the Pope's answer wa s d e t ermined well in advance.
The Pope agreed that de facto power was more important than de jure. Th u s , P ippin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged oppo s i t ion. With an army at his side to enforce the Papal Bull, Pepin was e l e c ted King of the Franks by an assembly of leading Franks and anointed a t S o i ssons, perhaps by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz. Meanwhile, Grifo c o n t inued rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Je a n d e M aurienne in 753.
: He added to that power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to P a r i s to anoint Pippin in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bes t o w ing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician o f t h e R omans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pippi n w a n ted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pippin's sons, Charl es ( e v entually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman.
: Pippin fell ill in 768 and died in September of that year at Saint De n i s w here he is interred in the basilica with his wife Bertrada.[Se t t i pani, Christian. La Pr�histoire des Cap�tiens 481-987. Villeneuve d' A s c q, 1993. Pages 181-184.] Historical opinion often seems to rega r d h i m as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a g r e a t man in his own right.
He continued to build the cavalry his father began, and maintained the s t a n ding army. He kept his father's policy of containing the Moors, and d r o v e them over and across the Pyrenees by taking Narbonne.
He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary w o r k i n Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that w o u l d prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as grea t a s e i ther his father's or son's, was historically important and of gr ea t b e nefit to the Franks as a people
: In 740, Peppin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. (Her fath e r , C haribert, was the son of Pippin II's brother, Martin of Laon.) Of t h e i r children, two sons and a daughter survived to adulthood
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name: P�pin (FR); Pippin (DE).
nickname:, le Bref -- translated as "the Short" or "the Younger".
* The Younger -- he was the younger of the two Arnulfing Pepins who wer e p a l ace mayors * the Short -- as deriving from the tales of Notker Ba lb a l us regarding the King's diminutive size. ... novel suggestions ... r e f e rred to his hair, since he was the first Frankish king to wear it sh o r t . Dutton, PE, Charlemagne's Mustache.
Charles Knight, The English Cyclopaedia: Volume IV, (London : 1867); pg 7 3 3 " W e have no circumstantial account of this important event, except t h a t P epin was anointed at Soissons, in March 752, by Boniface, bishop o f M a i nz, called the Apostle of Germany, before the assembly of the nati on . "
Claudio Rendina & Paul McCusker, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, (New Y o r k : 2 002), pg 145
"Pepin the Short". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Com p a n y. 1913.
==Sources ==
* '''Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. V page 483'''
* Treffer Gerd Die franz�sischen K�niginnen. Von Bertrada bis Marie Ant o i n ette (8.-18. Jahrhundert) Pustet, Regensburg (1996) pp. 23-29 ISBN 3 7 9 1 715305 ISBN 978-3791715308
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short
See also:
* } Pepin "The Short" of the Franks (714-768)
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Abt 715 - 768 (53 years)
