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PHILIP THE FAIR, French PHILIPPE LE BEL, king of France from 1285 to 13 1 4 ( a n d o f Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with h i s w i f e , Joan I of Navarre). His long struggle with the Roman papacy en d e d w i t h the transfer of the Curia to Avignon, Fr. He also secured Fre n c h r o y al power by wars on barons and neighbours and by restriction of f e u d a l u sages. His three sons were successively kings of France: Louis X , P h i l i p V, and Charles IV.
Born at Fontainebleau while his grandfather was still ruling, Philip, t h e s e c o nd son of Philip III the Bold and grandson of St. Louis (Louis I X ) , w a s n ot yet three when his mother, Isabella of Aragon, died on her r e t u r n f rom the crusade on which Louis IX had perished. The motherless P h i l i p a nd his three brothers saw little of their father, who, stricken b y I s a b e lla's death, threw himself into campaigning and administrative a ff a i r s . His troubled childhood and the series of blows h e su ff ere d e x p l a i n in some measure the conflicting elements in his adult personalit y . I n 1 2 7 4 his father married Marie de Brabant, a beautiful and cultiva t e d w o m an, and, with her arrival at court, intrigue began to flourish. I n t h e s a m e year, t he tw o-y ear- old Joan, heiress of Champagne and Na va r r e , w as welcomed as a refugee. Reared with the royal children, she w o u l d , w hen she was 12, become the bride of Philip the Fair.
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1268 - 1314 (46 years)
