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In 1370 Wenceslas succeeded his brother Rudolf II. In 1376 he took part , a s a p r i nce-elector, in the election of Wenceslas IV of Bohemia as Ki ng o f G e r many and in 1377 stood by Emperor Charles IV in the Altmark. H e w as f r e quently active in the affairs of the empire on the side of the e m pe r o r. Charles IV granted Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg and his uncle Wenc e s l a s I - and their house - the underlying entitlement to Brunswick and L ü n e b urg, but the two of them were unsuccessful in claiming this right t h r o u gh the Lüneburg War of Succession. In 1388 Wenceslas finally lost h i s c l a im at the battle of Winsen an der Aller.
During the siege of Celle Wenceslas died suddenly of a serious illness. E v e n h i s contemporaries suspected that he had been administered poison a n d t h a t that was the cause of death. According to other traditional acc o u n t s, he died on 18 August 1402 which has however caused confusion ove r h i s g r ave.
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