| Notes |
[[Category:Irish History,_Kingdoms_of_the_Vikings]]
[[Category:Kings of Dublin]]
[[Category: U� Imair Dynasty]]
[[Category:Irish History, Kingdom of Dublin]]
[[Category: Battle of Clontarf, 1014]]
[[Category: Battle of Brunanburh, 937]]
==Biography==
===Disambiguation===
'''Grandfather and Grandson have the same name and are easily confused. T h e y s h o uld NOT be merged!''':*[[Sitricsson-3|Amlaib Cuaran mac Sitric]] ( 9 2 6 - 9 81) -- grandfather. Old Norse name *[[Sitricsson-3|Olaf Sitricsso n ] ] , b o rn 926, No parents currently linked. Married Dunflaeth and Gorm f l a e t h. *[[Sihtricson-1|Amlaib mac Sitric (1000-1034)]] -- grandson. O l d N o r s e name [[Sihtricson-1|Ol�fr Sihtricson]], born 1000 to [[Olafsso n - 7 | S ihtic Olafsson]] and [[Brian-17|Slani Ingen Brian]]
===Name and Parents===
:'''Olav Sigtryggsson Kvaran; Norron konge i dublin'''
:''Olaf Sihtricsson Cuaran; Norse king of Dublin''
The name of this [https://sizes.com/time/CHRNDublin_kings.htm Danish] a d v e n t urer of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair U?? I m a i r ] c an be found in many forms; Ol�fr Sigtryggsson; Olaf Sihtricsson; A m l a �b Cuar�n (Irish) or Ol�fr kv�ran (Norse) [[https://en.wikipedia . o r g / wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n Wikipedia : Amla�b Cuar�n]] [ [ h t t ps://www.britannica.com/biography/Olaf-Sihtricson Encyclopaedia Br i t a n n ica : Olaf Sihtricson]] [ Cawley, Foundation f o r M e d i eval Genealogy. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/IRELAND.htm#Ol a f S i h tricsondied981 Accessed Jan 23, 2016 ]
His father [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitric_C%C3%A1ech Sitric C�ec h ] ( S y t rygg) was king of York (Jorvik) and ruled the old Anglo-Saxon ki n g d o m o f [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deira Deira], a region in north e r n E n g land between the river Tees and the Humber Estuary. [[http:/ / w w w . englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings_14.html The Viking Kings of York] O l a f Sihtricsson was born sometime before the sudden death of his f a t h e r [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitric_C%C3%A1ech King Sigtrygg] a b o u t 9 2 7 ][[https://nbl.snl.no/Olav_Sigtryggsson_Kvaran Norsk biogra f i s k l e ksikon : Olav Sigtryggsson Kvaran]][[https://en.wikiped i a . o r g/wiki/Sitric_C%C3%A1ech Wikipedia : Sitric C�ech]] [https:// e n . w i kipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson Olaf Guthfrithson] succeeded Si t r i c C �ech (Sytrygg) as ruler of York.
===927 Loss of York===
In 927, the Anglo-Saxon [[Wessex-297|King �thelstan]] took York from th e D a n e s , and forced the submission of [[MacAlpin-43|Constantine]] King o f S c o t l and.
Olaf Sihtricsson took refuge in Scotland and Ireland, before joining a c o m b i n ed force led by Constantine and [[Strathclyde-8|Owen]], King of St r a t h c lyde and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson Olaf Gut h f r i t hson] (now king in Dublin), in a renewed campaign against �thelsta n .
In 937, the men of Wessex led by Athelstan defeated the combined armie s o f [ [ S i tricsson-3|Amla�b Mac Gofrith]], Norse King of Dublin; [[MacAl pi n- 4 3 | Constantine II, King of Scots]]; and [[Strathclyde-8|Owen, King o f S t r a t hclyde]]. [Celt: corpus of electronic texts - [https://celt. uc c . i e //published/T100001A/index.html The Annals of Ulster U937.6] reco r d s t h a t a great, lamentable and horrible battle was cruelly fought be t w e e n t he Saxons and the Norsemen, in which several thousands of Norsem e n , w h o a re uncounted, fell, but their king, Amla�b, escaped with a few f o l l o w ers. A large number of Saxons fell on the other side, but Athelsta n , k i n g o f the Saxons, enjoyed a great victory.] [[https://sag a d b . o rg/egils_saga.en Egil's Saga] chapters 52 - Of the gathering of t h e h o s t ; 53 - Of the fight; 54 - The fall of Thorolf in that battle. T h e Icelandic Egil's Saga is rich with stories of this time, descr i b i n g h ow '' 'Alfred the Great had deprived all tributary kings of name a n d p o w e r; they were now called earls, who had before been kings or prin c e s . T h is was maintained throughout his lifetime and his son Edward's. B u t A t h e lstan came young to the kingdom, and of him they stood less in a w e . W h e refore many now were disloyal who had before been faithful subje c t s . ' ' ' ][[https://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en Egil's Saga] chapter 5 1 : O f O l a f king of Scots 'who came from the family of [[Sigurdsson-4 |R a g na r H a iry-breeks]].' ]
Olaf Sihtricsson returned to Ireland with his cousin Olaf Guthfrithson; T h e A n n a ls of the Four Masters record that in 938, "Amhlaeibh Cuaran wen t t o " C a i r-Abroc" (caer = a stronghold somewhere) and his cousin "[http s: // e n . wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A1caire_mac_Gofraid Blacaire Mac Gofrad h a ] " w a s in Dublin. [''Amhlaoibh Cuar�n do thecht co Cair Abroc,'' & ' ' B l a c aire mac Gofradha do thecht i n-Ath Cliath'' (Dublin) [https://cel t . u c c .ie/published/G100005B/text004.html Celt : Annals of the Four Mast e r s M 9 3 8.15]]
Following Aethelstan's death in 940, Olaf Sihtricsson and Olaf Guthfrit h s o n r e turned to regain Daria. [[Wessex-31|Edmund]], now King of Wessex , e n t e r ed into a treaty with the Danes of Northumbria and Daria. Olaf S ih t r i c sson and his cousin R�gnald (Ragnall son of Gofraid) jointly rule Y o r k ; o n ly to be forced out again by King Edmund. [ Simeon of Durham r e c o r d s that King Edmund expelled "king.Anlaf the son of Sihtric and [ki n g ] R e i gnold the son of Guthferth" from Northumbria in 944. Florence of W o r c e s ter records that Eadmund King of Wessex expelled "duos reges, Anla f u m r e g is.Sihtrici filium, et Reignoldum Guthferthi filium" from Northu m b r i a , undated but dateable to c. 944 from the context.] (Historic a l r e c o rds of the events between 940 and 943 do not always make it clea r w h e t h er it is Amla�b mac Gofrith (Olaf Guthfrithson) or Amla�b Cuar�n ( O l a f S i htricsson) who is mentioned)
In 943, the Annals of the Four Masters tells us that ''"Blacaire, one o f t h e c h i efs of the foreigners, was expelled from Dublin; and Amhlaeibh "' ' ( O l a f Sihtricsson aka Amla�b) ''"remained after him there."'' [ [ht t p s ://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text005.html Celt : Annuls of t h e F o u r . Masters M943.8]] [The Annals of Ulster record that "B l a c a i r gave up Ath Cliath" (Dublin) in 945 and that "Amla??b succeeded h i m " < / ref> In Dublin, Olaf Sihtricsson allied with [https://en.wikipedia . o r g / wiki/Congalach_Cnogba Congalach Cnogba], king of Brega and the Sou t h e r n U � N�ill and combined their forces against the Northern U� N�ill. B l �c aire was able to regain the kingship from Olaf Sihtricsson, reversed t h e a l l i ance with Congalach, and raided into Congalach's lands in 948 - w h i c h l e ad to a battle between the Dubliners and the Southern U� N�ill. B l �c a ire was killed. With Dublin back in his hands, Olaf Sihtricsson lef t h i s b r o ther [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofraid_mac_Sitriuc Gofrai d M a c S i t riuc] (Guthfrith) to rule Dublin, and turned his attention aga in t o E n g l and.]
He returned to York once more in 949, expelling [[Haraldsson-5|Erik Har a l d s s on]] "Blodoks/Blood-axe", but was driven out in turn by Erik in 9 5 2 , w h e n he returned to Dublin to take over from his brother Gofraid (G u t h f r ith).
Olaf Sihtricsson ruled Northumbria (940-44) jointly with his cousin Ola f G o t h f rithson, and also King of Jorvik (York) (941-43)
Olaf Gothfrithson died in 941. The peace between the Danes and the Engl i s h d i d n ot last, and in 944 Olaf Sihtricsson was driven from Northumbr i a , r e t urning to Ireland where, in the years 943 - 944 the Danish settl e m e n t a t Dublin was under repeated attack by the Irish of Leinster. Ol a f S i h t ricsson replaced his cousin[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3% A 1 c a i re_mac_Gofraid Bl�caire mac Gofraid] as king of Dublin.
In 949, he again returned to England and ruled as King of Northumbria & J o r v i k ( York)
In 952, he was forced out of Northumbria again and returned to Ireland, a n d a g a i n ruled as King of Dublin
The Annals of the Four Masters record in 962 that "''A victory was gain e d o v e r A mlaeibh, son of Sitric, by the Osraighi, i.e. at Inis-Teoc (Ki l k e n n y) where many of the foreigners were slain, together with Batbarr, s o n o f N i r a''." [[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text006.htm l C e l t : A n nuls of the Four Masters M962.14]] In 965, ''"Muireadha ch , s o n o f F aelan, Abbot of Cill-dara, and royal heir of Leinster, was s l a i n b y A mhlaeibh, lord of the foreigners, and by Cearbhall, son of Lor c a n . " '' [[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text007.html Celt : A n n u l s o f the Four Masters M965.9]]
In 975,'' "Muircheartach, son of [[Ua_N�ill-1|Domhnall Ua Neill]], and C o n g h a lach, son of Domhnall, son of Conghalach, two heirs to the monarch y o f I r e l and, were slain by Amhlaeibh, son of Sitric."'' [[https:// ce lt . u c c.ie/published/T100005B/text008.html Celt : Annuls of the Four M a s t e r s M975.5]] An in 978 "the battle of Teamhair.gained by Maelse a c h l a inn, son of Domhnall, over the foreigners of Ath-cliath and of the I s l a n d s, and over the sons of Amhlaeibh in particular", where "Ragnhall s o n o f A m h laeibh heir to the sovereignty of the foreigners" was killed, a d d i n g t hat "after this Amhlaeibh went across the sea and died at l-Colu i m - C i lle" ([http://omniumsanctorumhiberniae.blogspot.com/2013/06/saint- c o l u m -cille-of-iona-june-9.html Iona])
In 980, the Danes of Dublin were defeated by Irish forces led by [[mac D o m n a l l-1|M�el Sechnaill]] of the U� N�ill; King of Mide & High King of T a r a i n t h e [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland) Batt l e o f T a r a] [[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100016/text111.html C e l t : C h r onicon Scotorum Annal CS980]]
===Death===
The Annals of Tigernach record that "Olaf son of Sitric high-king over t h e F o r e igners of Dublin" died in Iona in [978/79] after being defeated b y " M a e l -Sechnaill the Great".
He is thought to have died in retirement at Iona about 981.
=== Marriages ===He married after 952 as her second husband, ---, widow o f D O M N A LL, daughter of ---. Her marriages are confirmed by the Annals o f T i g e r nach which record that "MaelSechnaill son of Domnall and Gl�n ia ra i n n ( I ronknee) son of Olaf, son of MaelSechnail's mother" defeated "D o m n a l l Cl�en, son of Lorc�n, and Imar of Waterford" in 981/82
He married [[Murchadh-5|Gormlaith]] daughter of Murchad MacFinn King of L e i n s t er & his wife --- She married secondly Brian Boru, and thirdly, a s h i s [ t h ird] wife, Maelsechnaill King of Ireland. The Annals of Tiger na c h r e c ord the death in 1030 of "Gormlaith, daughter of Murchad son of F l a n d " m other of "Sitric son of Olaf king of the Foreigners and of Donnc h a d s o n o f Brian king of Munster." The Annals of the Four Masters recor d t h e d e a th in 1030 of "Gormlaith daughter of Murchadh son of Finn, mot he r o f t h e k ing of the foreigners Sitric, Donnchadh son of Brian king o f M u n s t er, and Conchobhar son of Maeleachlainn king of Teamhair".
===Issue===
Olaf & his [first] wife had [two] children:
Olaf & his [second] wife had one child: #3. --- "Glun iaraind/I r o n k n e e" (-murdered [987/89]). The Annals of Tigernach record that "M a e l S e chnaill son of Domnall and Gl�n iarainn (Ironknee) son of Olaf, so n o f M a e l Sechnail's mother" defeated "Domnall Cl�en, son of Lorc�n, and I m a r o f W a terford" in [981/82][1286]. The Annals of the Four Masters re c o r d t h at in 982 "Maelseachlainn son of Domhnall and Gluniairn son of A m h l a e ibh" defeated "Domhnall Claen and Imhar of Port-Lairge" in which " G i l l a -Padraig son of Imhar" was killed[1287]. King of Dublin. The Ann a l s o f U l ster record the death in 989 of "Gl�n Iarn king of the foreign e r s . k illed when drunk by his own slave"[1288]. The Annals of Tigernach r e c o r d t hat "Gl�n iarainn (Ironknee) son of Olaf king of the Foreigners" w a s k i l l ed "by his own slave.Colbain" in [987/88][1289]. m ---. The na m e o f h i s w ife is not known. One child: ##a) GILLA Ciar�in (-k i l le d i n b attle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014). The Annals of Ulster record tha t " B r i a n son of Ceinn�itig son of Lorc�n king of Ireland and Mael Sechn ai l l s o n o f Domnall king of Temair" led an army to "Ath Cliath" in 1014 , a d d i n g that "Gilla Ciarr??in son of Gl�n Iairn, heir designate of the f o r e i g ners" was killed in the battle[1290].
Olaf & his [third] wife had one child: #4. SIHTRIC (-1042). Ki n g o f D u b lin. The Annals of Ulster record that "Sitriuc son of Amla�b w a s e x p e lled from Ath Cliath" in 994[1291]. The Annals of the Four Mast e r s r e c ord that "Imhar came to Ath-Cliath after Sitric, son of Amblaeib h " i n 9 9 4 [1292]. The Annals of Tigernach record that "Ragnall was kill e d b y t h e L einstermen, Imar again fled, and Sitric reigned in his place " i n [ 9 9 3 /94][1293]. The Annals of Tigernach record that "Sitriuc son o f O l a f k i ng of the Foreigners" plundered "into Ulster.Cell Cleithe and I n i s C u m scraig" in [1000/01][1294]. Orkneyinga Saga records that Sigurd J a r l o f O r kney went to Ireland "five years after the Battle of Svoldur" t o s u p p o rt "King Sigtrygg Silk-Beard" against "King Brian of Ireland", a nd l e f t " h is elder sons in charge of the earldom", but was killed in th e b a t t l e in which King Brian was killed[1295]. The Annals of Ulster re co r d t h a t "Sitriuc grandson of Amla�b king of the foreigners" went to R o m e i n 1 0 28[1296]. m ---. The name of Sihtric's wife is not known. S i h t r i c & his wife had five children: ##a) ARTALACH (-killed in b a t t l e G lenn Mama 30 Dec [996/97]). The Annals of Tigernach name "Artal a c h s o n o f Sitric and Harald son of Olaf, and Cuilen son of Erigen" amo n g t h o s e killed in battle in [996/97] by "Mael Sechlainn and Brian son o f K e n n e dy" at "Glenn Mama"[1297]. ##b) OLAF (-killed in battle 1 0 1 3 ) . T he Annals of Ulster record that "Amla�b son of Sitriuc.the son o f t h e k i n g of the foreigners and Mathgamain son of Duibgilla son of Aml a� b " w e r e killed in 1013 by "Cathal son of Donnchad son of Dub d� Baire n n " [ 1 298]. ##c) --- "Glun iaraind/Iron knee" (-killed 1031). T h e A n n a ls of Tigernach record that "Iron-knee son of Sitric" was killed b y " t h e ( f olk of) the south of Bregia" in 1031[1299]. m ---. The name o f h i s w i f e is not known. One child: ###i) son . The Annals o f T i g e r nach record that "Gofraidh son of Sitric" was killed in Wales "b y t h e s o n o f Iron-Knee" in 1036[1300]. ##d) OLAF ([after 1013]- mu r d e r ed 1034). The Annals of Ulster record that "Amla�b son of Sitriu c k i n g o f t he foreigners was held prisoner by Mathgamain ua Riac�in kin g o f B r e g a" in 1029 and ransomed for "1,200 cows and six score Welsh ho rs es a n d s i xty ounces of gold."[1301]. He was presumably born after th e d e a t h o f his brother Olaf in 1013, unless one or other of these sons w a s i l l e gitimate. The Annals of Ulster record that "Amla�b son of Sitri u c w a s k i lled by the Saxons on his way to Rome"[1302]. The Annals of T i g e r n ach record that "Olaf son of Sitric was killed by Englishmen as he w a s g o i n g to Rome" in 1034[1303]. m MAILCORCRE, daughter of DUNLANG Kin g o f L e i n ster & his wife ---. The 13th century History of Gruffydd ap C y na n r e c ords that the "grandmother...his mother's mother" of King Gruff y d d w a s " Mailcorcre daughter of Dunlang son of Tuathal King of Leinster " [ 1 3 0 4]. Olav & his wife had one child: ###i) SIHTRIC (-kil l e d i n b a ttle Isle of Man 1073). The Annals of Ulster record the death i n 1 0 7 3 o f " Sitriuc son of Amlaib and two grandsons of Brian.killed in M an " [ 1 3 05]. ###ii) [RAGNHILD . The 13th century History of Gruf f y d d a p C ynan records that he was born in Dublin, son of "Cynan king of G w y n e d d and his mother Ragnaillt daughter of Olaf King of the city of Du b l i n " , adding that his maternal grandmother was "Mailcorcre daughter of D u n l a n g son of Tuathal King of Leinster"[1306]. From a chronological po i n t o f v i ew, it is possible that Ragnhild's father was Olav son of Siht r i c . m C Y NAN ap Iago, son of IAGO ap Idwal King of Gwynedd & his wife - - - . ] # # e) GODFRID (-killed Wales 1036). The Annals of Tigernac h r e c o r d that "Gofraidh son of Sitric" was killed in Wales "by the son o f I r o n - Knee" in 1036[1307].
Olaf & his [---] wife had four children: #5. HARALD (-killed in b a t t l e G lenn Mama 30 Dec [996/97]). The Annals of Ulster record that "A r a l t s o n of Amla�b" was killed in battle at Glenn Mama "III Kal Jan" 99 9 [ 1 3 0 8]. The Annals of Tigernach name "Artalach son of Sitric and Hara l d s o n o f O laf, and Cuilen son of Erigen" among those killed in battle i n [ 9 9 6 / 97] by "Mael Sechlainn and Brian son of Kennedy" at "Glenn Mama" [1 3 0 9 ] . m ---. The name of Harald's wife is not known. Harald & his w i f e h a d o ne child: ##a) IVAR (-1054). King of Dublin. The Ann a l s o f t h e Four Masters record that "the son of Aralt was expelled by t h e f o r e igners?? in 1046 and "the son of Raghnall was elected king"[1310 ] . T h e A n nals of Tigernach record that "Imar son of Harald" slaughtere d ? ? R a g nall H�a Eochada" in "Rathlin of the Ulaid"[1311]. The Annals o f U l s t e r record the death in 1054 of "Imar son of Aralt, king of the fo re i g n e rs"[1312]. m ---. The name of Imar's wife is not known. Imar & h i s w i f e h ad one child: ###i) GODFRID "Meranach" (-1095). King o f D u b l i n. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record that "Goffraid h, s o n o f H a rald's son" became king of Dublin in 1091[1313]. The Annal s o f U l s t er record the death in 1095 of "Gofraidh Meranach, king of the f o r e i g ners"[1314]. The Annals of Tigernach (Continuation) record the de a t h i n 1 0 95 of "Gobfraidh rex Dormanorom"[1315]. [From a chronological p o i n t o f v iew, it is possible that he was the same person as GODRED ???C r o v a n /white-handed" King of Man, whose exploits are recorded in the Chr o n i c o n Manni� et Insularum[1316].] #6. DUBGAL (-killed in battl e C l o n t arf 1014). The Annals of Ulster record that "Dubgall son of Aml a� b " w a s k illed in battle at Clontarf in 1014[1317]. #7. GYDA . S n o r r e r ecords the betrothal and marriage of Olaf Trygvason to "a queen c a l l e d G yda.a sister of Olaf Kvaran who was king of Dublin in Ireland [w h o ] h a d b een married to a great earl in England" after whose death "she w a s a t t h e h ead of his dominions"[1318]. In a later passage, Snorre ref e r s t o " K ing Olaf Kvaran" as his wife's father[1319]. m firstly ---. m s e c o n d ly (in England 988) as his second wife, OLAV Trygveson, son of TRY G V E O l a vsson [Norway] & his wife �strid Eiriksdatter (posthumously [968 ] [ 1 3 2 0]-drowned Oresund o. b. Svold, near R�gen 9 Sep [1000]). He impo s e d h i m self as OLAV I King of Norway in [995]. #8. MAELMAIRE (- 1 0 2 1 ) . The Annals of the Four Masters record the death in 1021 of "Mae l m a i r e daughter of Amhlaeibh, wife of Maelseachlainn son of Domhnall"[1 3 2 1 ] . m a s his third wife, MAELSECHNAILL King of Ireland, son of DOMNA L L & h i s w i fe --- ([949/50]-Cr� Inis of Lough Ennell 2 Sep 1022).
== Sources ==
NOTE : this is not [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cenncaire c h A m l a �b Cenncairech]
* [https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/OlafCuaran.php Library Irel a n d : A C o m pendium of Irish Biography : Olaf Cuaran] also known as Olaf t h e R e d o r A mlav or Sitricson. He married Gormlaith, who was the sister o f t h e w i d ow of Domhnall, King of Ireland & mother of King Malachy ([htt ps : / / w ww.libraryireland.com/biography/KingMalachyMor.php Library Irelan d : M a l a c hy Mor] married Maelmaire)
* [https://snl.no/Olav_Sigtrygsson_Kvaran Store norske leksikon : Olav S i g t r y gsson Kvaran]* [https://nbl.snl.no/Olav_Sigtryggsson_Kvaran Norsk b i o g r a fisk leksikon : Olav Sigtryggsson Kvaran] Norron konge i dublin
* Lineage of the Royal Princes of England Author: Ken Stelmaszek Nov 2 0 0 0 [ h t tp://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4793/index.html]
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Abt 920 - 981 (61 years)
