Timeline: William de Marbury: Our Family History

	Date	Event(s)
1	1220	1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220 working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
2	1280	1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
3	1307	1307—1327: King Edward II King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
4	1320	1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
5	1326	1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
6	1327	1327—1377: King Edward III King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
7	1328	1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland 1328—1328: First sawmill
8	1329	1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
9	1346	1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
10	1348	1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
11	1349	1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
12	1351	1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
13	1362	1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts Quarter Sessions established by statute
14	1366	1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
15	1370	1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
16	1371	1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
17	1377	1377—1399: King Richard II {\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
18	1381	1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
19	1382	1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
20	1383	1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
21	1387	1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
22	1388	1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
23	1397	1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London He was Lord Mayor 4 times 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
24	1399	1399—1413: King Henry IV King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
25	1400	1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
26	1411	1411—1411: Trigger invented
27	1412	1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
28	1413	1413—1422: King Henry V King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
29	1415	10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt St. Crispin's Day
30	1420	1420—1420: Oil painting invented
31	1421	1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
32	1422	1422—1461: King Henry VI {\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England He was 9 months old 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
33	1431	1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
34	1437	2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
35	1451	1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
36	1453	7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
37	1455	1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
38	1457	1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
39	1460	8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
40	1461	1461—1483: King Edward IV King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
41	1465	1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
42	1468	1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
43	1472	1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
44	1475	1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
45	1476	1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
46	1483	1483—1483: King Edward V King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were 1483—1485: King Richard III {\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
47	1484	1484—1484: Introduction of bail for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
48	1485	1485—1509: King Henry VII King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
49	1486	1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
50	1487	1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
51	1492	1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
52	1494	1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
53	1495	1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
54	1497	1497—1497: Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes 1497—1497: John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton
55	1499	16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
56	1500	1500—1500: Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland 1500—1500: The first flush toilets appeared
57	1503	1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505) 1503—1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
58	1505	1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
59	1506	22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
60	1507	1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
61	1508	1508—1508: Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
62	1509	1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547) 1509—1547: King Henry VIII {\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\n}{\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\n}1513 - The 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon 4 1509—28 Jan 1547: Henry VIII House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV
63	1510	1510—1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel 1510—1510: Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
64	1512	1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice versa 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London the "Auld Alliance" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for the first time
65	1513	1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army Death of King James IV of Scots 1513—1513: Urs Graf invents etching 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at Guinegate 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
66	1514	1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland 1514—1514: The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
67	1515	15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
68	1516	1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
69	1517	31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as start of the Reformation 10 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg regarded as start of the Reformation
70	1518	1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored by Cardinal Wolsey
71	1520	Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
72	1521	17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
73	1522	6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
74	1523	1523—1523: Sweden leaves the union
75	1525	1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
76	1527	1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
77	1528	1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
78	1529	1529—1529: Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
79	1531	11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
80	1532	1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
81	1533	25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen on 1st June) 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
82	1534	1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII) 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII) 1534—1534: Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence Cartier claims land for France
83	1535	1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
84	1536	1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540) 1536—1536: Dissolution of monastries starts in England 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th October) 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
85	1537	24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future Edward VI
86	1538	1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
87	1540	1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed 9th February - First recorded horse racing event in Britain at Chester 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day, wife #5
88	1541	1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland 1541—1541: First French settlement Charlesbourg-Royal settlement esatablished by Cartier
89	1542	1542—1542: Ther Rout of Solway Moss and the death of King James V of Scots 13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed 14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots' succeeds him just 6 days old
90	1543	12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him 9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
91	1544	1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders 1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland 1544—1545: Mary of Guise Regent of Scotland Henrys VIII "Rough Wooing" of the Scottish Borders
92	1545	20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982
93	1546	1546—1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
94	1547	1547—1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias' 1547—1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves) 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales 1547—1553: King Edward VI King Edward VI ( 1547 - 1553 ) {\n}{\n}1547 - Edward VI accedes to the throne at the age of nine after the death of his father, Henry VIII.{\n}1547 - Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, uncle of Edward VI, is invested as Duke of Somerset and Protector of En 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in chruch services in England and Wales Battle of Pinkie{\n}The injuction to keep parish register reiterated{\n}Death of Henry VIII (Edward VI to 1553) 28 Jan 1547—28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553) 20 Feb 1547—20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey 10 Sep 1547—10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the British Isles 1 1547—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor. Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553.
95	1548	1548—1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554
96	1549	1549—1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal 1549—1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal 1549—1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand 1549—1549: 9th June First Book of Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament Wedding ring finger changed from right to left{\n}First Act of Uniformity in Engalnd made Catholic Mass illegal{\n}English Parliament declares enclosures legal 9 Jun 1549—9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
97	1550	1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refuges from the Low Countries
98	1551	1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of Baptisms and banns of marriage
99	1552	1552—1552: Parishes are ordered to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage. Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
100	1553	1553—1558: Queen Mary I Queen Mary I ( 1553 - 1558 ) {\n}{\n}1553 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen by the Protector, the Duke of Northumberland. After nine days, Mary arrives in London, Lady Jane Grey is arrested, and Mary is crowned Queen.{\n}1554 - After Mary declares her 7 Jun 1553—19 Jul 1553: Jane House of Tudor: Jane claimed throne on death of Edward VI, removed by Mary I 6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only 19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne 7 1553—17 Nov 1558: Mary I House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon
101	1554	1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate at least 30 miles from their wives 1554—1558: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor 12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
102	1555	1555—1555: Michel Nostradamus publishes his prophecies
103	1556	21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
104	1557	1557—1557: The First Covenant signed in Scotland (Foundation of the Presbyterian Church)
105	1558	1558—1558: System of Counties adopted 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start 1558—1603: Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins System of Counties adopted 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start Chancery Proceedings Indexes begin 1558—1603: Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth I ( 1558 - 1603 ) {\n}{\n}1558 - Elizabeth accedes to the throne on the death of her half-sister, Mary.{\n}1559 - Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in January.{\n}1559 - Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore the Prote 7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France 24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris 17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England 11 1558—24 Mar 1603: Elizabeth I House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn
106	1559	1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent Strenghtens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland 15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of Carlisle 29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England & Wales; established Church of England
107	1560	1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost 1560—1560: Protestantism is established. Pope's authority is abolished. Celebrating mass becomes illegal. 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
108	1561	1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
109	1562	1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies 1562—1562: African slave trade starts
110	1563	1563—1563: Papal recusants heavily fined for non-attendance at Church The Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from government offices 28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
111	1564	26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
112	1565	1565—1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Darley 29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin
113	1566	1566—1566: Murder of Riccio in Holyrood House 9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
114	1567	1567—1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Bothwell{\n}Earliest date in the French Protestant and Walloon registers 10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
115	1568	1568—1568: Battle of Langside Mary's flight into England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I 1568—1568: Bottled beer invented in London 13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
116	1569	1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports 1569—1569: Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection
117	1570	25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
118	1571	1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England Opening of the Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham 1571—1572: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
119	1574	1574—1738: Colonial State Papers published continued to 1738
120	1577	1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
121	1578	1578—1578: Earliest Quaker registers begin
122	1579	1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
123	1580	1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
124	1581	1581—1581: English Levant Company founded 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world

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William de Marbury