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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 2 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: King Edward III
King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer
- 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
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| 3 | 1362 | - 1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts
Quarter Sessions established by statute
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| 4 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish
Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
- 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
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| 5 | 1370 | - 1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
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| 6 | 1371 | - 1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
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| 7 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: King Richard II
{\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f
- 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
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| 8 | 1381 | - 1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
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| 9 | 1382 | - 1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
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| 10 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
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| 11 | 1387 | - 1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
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| 12 | 1388 | - 1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
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| 13 | 1397 | - 1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London
He was Lord Mayor 4 times
- 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
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| 14 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: King Henry IV
King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel
- 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II
Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty
- 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
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| 15 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented
- 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
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| 16 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: Trigger invented
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| 17 | 1412 | - 1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
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| 18 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: King Henry V
King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun
- 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
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| 19 | 1415 | - 10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt
St. Crispin's Day
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| 20 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: Oil painting invented
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| 21 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
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| 22 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: King Henry VI
{\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen
- 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England
He was 9 months old
- 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
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| 23 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
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| 24 | 1437 | - 2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth
James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
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| 25 | 1451 | - 1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
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| 26 | 1453 | - 7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
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| 27 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
- 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
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| 28 | 1457 | - 1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
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| 29 | 1460 | - 8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
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| 30 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: King Edward IV
King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com
- 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV
House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
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| 31 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames
- 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
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| 32 | 1468 | - 1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
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| 33 | 1472 | - 1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
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| 34 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
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| 35 | 1476 | - 1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
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| 36 | 1483 | - 1483—1483: King Edward V
King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were
- 1483—1485: King Richard III
{\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber
- 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V
House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 37 | 1484 | - 1484—1484: Introduction of bail
for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
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| 38 | 1485 | - 1485—1509: King Henry VII
King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a
- 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field
King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard
- 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute
- 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt
House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
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| 39 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
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| 40 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
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| 41 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines
- 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
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| 42 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
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| 43 | 1495 | - 1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
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| 44 | 1497 | - 1497—1497: Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes
- 1497—1497: John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations
John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton
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| 45 | 1499 | - 16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
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| 46 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations
Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland
- 1500—1500: The first flush toilets appeared
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| 47 | 1503 | - 1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)
- 1503—1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
- 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
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| 48 | 1505 | - 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
- 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
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| 49 | 1506 | - 22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
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| 50 | 1507 | - 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of
Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
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| 51 | 1508 | - 1508—1508: Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
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| 52 | 1509 | - 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
- 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547)
- 1509—1547: King Henry VIII
{\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\n}{\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\n}1513 - The
- 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old
- 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
- 4 1509—28 Jan 1547: Henry VIII
House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV
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| 53 | 1510 | - 1510—1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel
- 1510—1510: Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
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| 54 | 1512 | - 1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice
versa
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
the "Auld Alliance" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa
- Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for
the first time
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| 55 | 1513 | - 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army
Death of King James IV of Scots
- 1513—1513: Urs Graf invents etching
- 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at
Guinegate
- 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
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| 56 | 1514 | - 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
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| 57 | 1515 | - 15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
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| 58 | 1516 | - 1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
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| 59 | 1517 | - 31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as
start of the Reformation
- 10 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg
regarded as start of the Reformation
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| 60 | 1518 | - 1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France,
England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored
by Cardinal Wolsey
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| 61 | 1520 | - Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of
Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
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| 62 | 1521 | - 17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant
his teachings
- 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
- 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of
Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
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| 63 | 1522 | - 6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition,
becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
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| 64 | 1523 | - 1523—1523: Sweden leaves the union
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| 65 | 1525 | - 1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
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| 66 | 1527 | - 1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
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| 67 | 1528 | - 1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
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| 68 | 1529 | - 1529—1529: Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
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| 69 | 1531 | - 11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
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| 70 | 1532 | - 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
- 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
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| 71 | 1533 | - 25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen
on 1st June)
- 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
- 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
- 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
- 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
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| 72 | 1534 | - 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence
Cartier claims land for France
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| 73 | 1535 | - 1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
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| 74 | 1536 | - 1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monastries starts in England
- 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed
- 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th
October)
- 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
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1495 - 1536 (41 years)