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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 0940 | - 0940—0985: The reign of Harold Bluetooth. The Christian church is established in Denmark
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| 2 | 0972 | - 0972—0999: Boleslav II. Pobozny (Boleslaus II the Pious)
Son of Boleslav I.
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| 3 | 0978 | - 0978—1016: King Aethelred II The Unready
King Aethelred II The Unready ( 978 - 1016 ) {\n}{\n}980 - Danes renew their raids on England attacking Chester and Southampton{\n}991 - Battle of Maldon: Byrhtnoth of Essex is defeated by Danish invaders; Aethelred II buys off the Danes with 10,000 pound
- 0978—1016: Ethelred II the Unready
Saxon: 2nd son of Edgar, half-brother of Edward, married Emma of Normandy
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| 4 | 0999 | - 0999—1002: Boleslav III. Rysavy (Boleslaus III the Red-haired)
Son of Boleslav II.
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| 5 | 1000 | - 1000—1004: Viking explorations
Lief Ericsson explores coast of Labrador and Newfoundland
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| 6 | 1002 | - 1002—1003: Vladivoj Of the Piast dynasty (?).
Said to be first cousin of Boleslav III. Polish name Wladywoj.
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| 7 | 1003 | - 1003—1003: Boleslav III.
Second time
- 1003—1004: Boleslav Chrabry (Boleslaus the Brave) Of the Piast dynasty;
Brother of Vladivoj (?). Duke - later king - of Poland (as Boleslaw I Chrobry). The fourth Bohemian ruler with name Boleslav but noted under his original name (without ordinal number).
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| 8 | 1004 | - 1004—1012: Jarom¡r
Brother of Boleslav III.
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| 9 | 1012 | - 1012—1033: Oldrich
Brother of Jarom¡r. Also known as Odalrich, Udalrich, Ulrich.
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| 10 | 1013 | - 1013—1013: Union of Denmark and England
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| 11 | 1016 | - 1016—1016: King Edmund II Ironside
{\n}King Edmund II lronside ( 1016 ) {\n}{\n}1016 - Edmund Ironside, son of Aethelred II the Unready of England, becomes King. At the battle of Abingdon, in Essex, King Canute II of Denmark defeats Edmund. They meet on the Isle of Alney in the Severn and
- 1016—1035: King Cnut (Canute)
King Cnut (Canute) ( 1016 - 1035 ) {\n}{\n}1017 - Canute marries Emma of Normandy, the widow of Ethelred II. Canute divides England into four earldoms - Northumbria Wessex, Mercia and East Anglia. {\n}1027 - Canute make a pilgrimage to Rome to demonstrate
- 1016—1017: Edmund II Ironside
Saxon: Eldest son of Ethelred II, King of London
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| 12 | 1017 | - 1017—1035: Canute the Dane
Dane: By conquest and election. Gave Wessex to Edmund, married Emma
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| 13 | 1023 | - 1023—1023: First paper money printed in China
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| 14 | 1033 | - 1033—1034: Jarom¡r
Second time
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| 15 | 1034 | - 1034—1034: Oldrich
Second time
- 1034—1055: Bretislav I. (Bretislaus)
Son of Oldrich.
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| 16 | 1035 | - 1035—1040: King Harold I Harefoot
King Harold I Harefoot ( 1035 - 1040 ) {\n}{\n}1035 - Canute's son Harold Harefoot usurps the throne from his half-brother, Harthacanute, the rightful heir.
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| 17 | 1036 | - 1036—1040: Harald I, Harefoot
Dane: Natural son of Canute
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| 18 | 1040 | - 1040—1042: King Harthacnut
King Harthacnut ( 1040 - 1042 ) {\n}{\n}1040 - Harold Harefoot dies and Harthacanute accedes to the throne
- 1040—1042: Hardecanute
Dane: Son of Canute by Emma, Danish King
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| 19 | 1042 | - 1042—1066: King Edward The Confessor
King Edward The Confessor ( 1042 - 1066 ) {\n}{\n}1042 - Harthacanute dies and is succeded by Edward the Confessor, son of Aethelred II.{\n}1051 - Edward marries Edith daughter of Earl Godwine of Wessex, but quarrels with Godwine and banishes the rebellio
- 1042—1066: Edward the Confessor
Saxon: Son of Ethelred II (Canonized 1161)
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| 20 | 1045 | - 1045—1045: Movable type printing by Bi Sheng in China
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| 21 | 1050 | - 1050—1050: Crossbow invented in France
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| 22 | 1055 | - 1055—1061: Spytihnev II.
Son of Bretislav I.
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| 23 | 1061 | - 1061—1092: Vratislav II
Brother of Spytihnev II. King 1085-1092 as Vratislav I.
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| 24 | 1066 | - 1066—1066: King Harold
King Harold II ( 1066 ) {\n}{\n}1066 - Harold II fights a Viking force under Harold Hadrada and defeats them at Stamford Bridge. He hastily marches South at the news that William Duke of Normandy with 100 ships had landed on Penvensey Bay and marched into
- 1066—1066: Harold II
Saxon: Edward's brother-in-law, last Saxon King
- 1 Jun 1066—6 Jan 1066: Edward the Confessor dies
6th January 1066 Edward the Confessor Dies - Harold 11 reigned for 9 months
- 10 1066—1087: King William I The Conqueror
1066 - William and his Norman army defeat Harold II and the Saxons at the Battle of Hastings. Harold is killed and, after subduing the rest of the country, William is crowned King of England.{\n}1067 - William suppresses a Saxon revolt in the southwest of
- 10 1066—14 Oct 1066: Invasion of England
Invasion of England by Duke William of Normanduy{\n}Battle of Hastings
- 9 1066—25 Sep 1066: Battle of Stamford Bridge
Harold 11 defeats Norwegian invasion
- 12 1066—25 Dec 1066: William crowned King of England at Winchester
- 12 1066—9 Sep 1087: William I the Conqueror
Norman: Second cousin to Edward the Confessor, by conquest. Defeated Harold at Hastings.
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| 25 | 1069 | - 1069—1069: King Malcolm Canmore of Scotland marries Margaret (St. Margaret)
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| 26 | 1071 | - 1071—1071: Norman conquest of England complete
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| 27 | 1072 | - 1072—1072: King Malcolm 111 of Scotland submitted to William the Conqueror c 1070
Re-construction of Canterbury Cathedral begins: The Saxon Cathedral burned down in 1067.{\n}Lanfrac, frist Norman Archbishop, restored and enlarged it's buildings between 1067 and 1077{\n}A new Quire was consecrated in 1130 but burned down in 1174, four y
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| 28 | 1079 | - 1079—1079: Construction of Winchester Cathedral begins (consectraed in 1093 but not completed until 1404
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| 29 | 1081 | - 1081—1081: Building of Tower of London starts (others say 1067)
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| 30 | 1086 | - 1086—1086: Compilation of Domesday Book
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| 31 | 1087 | - 1087—1100: King William II
King William II Rufus ( 1087 - 1100 ) {\n}{\n}1087 - William Il accedes to the throne on the death of his father, William I.{\n}1088 - William crushes a baronial rebellion in Normandy led by his uncle, Odo of Bayenx, William's brother, Robert supports the
- 9 1087—2 Aug 1100: William II (Rufus)
Norman: 3rd son of William I, accidentally killed by arrow while hunting.
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| 32 | 1092 | - 1092—1100: Bretislav II
Nephew of Konr d I, son of Vratislav II.
- 1092—1092: Konr d I. Brnensky (Conrad of Brno)
Brother of Vratislav II.
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| 33 | 1098 | - 1098—1098: Expedition of Magnus Barelegs to Scottish coasts
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| 34 | 1100 | - 1100—1135: King Henry I
King Henry I ( 1100 - 1135 ) {\n}{\n}1100 - Henry I succeeds his brother, William II.{\n}1100 - Henry issues a Charter of Liberties, pledging good governance.{\n}1100 - Henry marries Edith known as Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. {\n}1101 -
- 8 May 1100—1 Dec 1135: Henry I Beauclerc
Norman: Youngest son of William I
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| 35 | 1101 | - 1101—1107: Borivoj II
Brother of Bretislav II.
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| 36 | 1102 | - 1102—1102: Synod of Westminster under St. Anselm forbids clergy to marry
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| 37 | 1107 | - 1107—1109: Svatopluk Olomoucky (Sventopluk of Olomouc)
First cousin of Borivoj II.
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| 38 | 1109 | - 1109—1117: Vladislav I. (Vladislaus)
Brother of Borivoj II.
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| 39 | 1110 | - 1110—1110: Introductions in England of Pipe Rolls, recording exchequer payments
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| 40 | 1117 | - 1117—1120: Borivoj II
Second time
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| 41 | 1120 | - 1120—1120: First reference in Scotland to Burghs and Sheriffs
- 1120—1125: Vladislav I
Second time
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| 42 | 1125 | - 1125—1140: Sobeslav I. (Sobeslaus)
Brother of Vladislav I.
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| 43 | 1135 | - 1135—1154: King Stephen
{\n}King Stephen ( 1135 - 1154 ) {\n}1135 - Stephen usurps the throne from Matilda, Henry 1's daughter.{\n}1136 - The Earl of Norfolk leads the first rebellion against Stephen.{\n}1138 - Robert, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I, deserts
- 12 1135—25 Oct 1154: Stephen
Norman: Son of Adela,daugher of William I, and Count of Blois
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| 44 | 1138 | - 1138—1138: Battle of The Standard
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| 45 | 1140 | - 1140—1172: Vladislav II
Nephew of Sobeslav I, son of Duke Vladislav I. King 1158-1172 as Vladislav I.
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| 46 | 1154 | - 1154—1189: King Henry II
King Henry II ( 1154 - 1189 ) {\n}{\n}1154 - Henry II accedes to the throne at the age of 21 upon the death of his second cousin, Stephen.{\n}1155 - Henry appoints Thomas a Becket as Chancellor of England, a post that he holds for seven years.{\n}1155 - P
- 12 Apr 1154—1 Sep 1159: Nicholas Breakspear (Adrian IV) becomes only English Pope. Died 1.9.1159.
- 12 1154—6 Jul 1189: Henry II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Godfrey Plantagenet (Angevin) by Matilda, daughter of Henry I
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| 47 | 1163 | - 1163—1163: Danegeld tax abolished
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| 48 | 1166 | - 1166—1166: Establishment of trial by jury
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| 49 | 1170 | - 12 1170—29 Dec 1170: Murder of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury Cathedral
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| 50 | 1172 | - 1172—1172: Pope decrees that Henry II of England is feudal lord of Ireland
- 1172—1173: Bedrich (Frederick)
Son of Vladislav II.
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| 51 | 1173 | - 1173—1178: Sobeslav II
First cousin once removed of Bedrich, Son of Sobeslav I.
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| 52 | 1175 | - 1175—1175: Treaty of Falaise signed - William the Lyon surrenders Scottish crown to King Henry II of England
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| 53 | 1176 | - 1176—1209: London Bridge construction in stone started (from tax on wool) completed 1209
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| 54 | 1178 | - 1178—1189: Bedrich
Second time
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| 55 | 1182 | - 1182—1182: Magnetic compass invented
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| 56 | 1189 | - 1189—1199: Richard I 'Lionheart' becomes King of England. Dies 1199. -
Acknowledges the independence of Scotland.{\n}1.9.1189, Legal Memory dates from accession of Richard I
- 1189—1199: King Richard I The Lion Heart
King Richard I The Lion Heart ( 1189 - 1199 ) {\n}{\n}1189 - Richard I becomes King of England upon the death of Henry II{\n}1189 - William Longchamp is appointed Chancellor of England and governs the country during Richard's absence abroad{\n}1189 - Rich
- 1189—1191: Konr d II. Ota (Conrad-Otto)
Descendant of Konr d I.
- 1189—1199: Richard I the Lionhearted
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader
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| 57 | 1190 | - 1190—1280: 'Early English' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 58 | 1191 | - 1191—1192: V clav II
Brother of Sobeslav II.
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| 59 | 1192 | - 1192—1193: Premysl I. Otakar (Ottokar I)
Son of Vladislav II.
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| 60 | 1193 | - 1193—1197: Jindrich Bretislav (Henry Bretislaus)
First cousin of Premysl I. Otakar.
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| 61 | 1197 | - 1197—1197: Vladislav (III.) Jindrich (Vladislaus III Henry)
Brother of Premysl I. Otakar.
- 1197—1198: Premysl I. Otakar
Second time. Became King in 1198, and his descendants retained the title.
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| 62 | 1199 | - 1199—1216: King John
{\n}King John ( 1199 - 1216 ) {\n}{\n}1199 - John accedes to the throne on the death of his brother, Richard I.{\n}1204 - England loses most of its possessions in France.{\n}1205 - John refuses to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury{\n}1208
- 5 1199—19 Oct 1216: John Lackland
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta 1215
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| 63 | 1200 | - 1200—1200: Clothing buttons invented
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| 64 | 1202 | - 1202—1202: The Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician, Fibonacci
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| 65 | 1215 | - 6 1215—15 Jun 1215: Magna Carta signed at Runnymede by King John
First Lord Mayor's Show in London
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| 66 | 1216 | - 1216—1272: King Henry II
King Henry III ( 1216 - 1272 ) {\n}{\n}1216 - Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal{\n}1222 - De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the Frenc
- 10 1216—16 Nov 1272: Henry III
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227
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| 67 | 1220 | - 1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220
working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
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| 68 | 1222 | - 1222—1222: Introduction of poll tax in England
King Alexander II of Scotland conquers Argyll
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| 69 | 1228 | - 1228—1228: First recorded mention of the Royal Mint
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| 70 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: Cambridge University organised and grantred Royal Charter
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| 71 | 1237 | - 1237—1237: Treaty of York signed
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| 72 | 1247 | - 1247—1247: Foundation of Bedlam (Bethleham Hospital), London by Simon Fitzmary
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| 73 | 1248 | - 1248—1248: Charter granted to Oxford University by Henry II
c 1250 Royal Proclamation by Henry II are first government documents issued in English
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| 74 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula
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| 75 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: Gun invented in China
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| 76 | 1263 | - 1263—1263: Battle of Largs Ayrshire
King Alexander defeats Norwegian invaders under King Haakon
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| 77 | 1264 | - 1264—1264: First recorded reference to Justice of the Peace in England
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| 78 | 1266 | - 1266—1266: Western Isles acquired by Scotland
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| 79 | 1268 | - 1268—1269: Invention of eyeglasses
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| 80 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks
{\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely
- 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
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| 81 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
- 1280—1280: Mechanical clocks invented
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| 82 | 1283 | - 1283—1283: Annexation of Wales to England
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| 83 | 1285 | - 1285—1290: Windmills invented
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| 84 | 1290 | - 1290—26 Sep 1290: Death of 'maid of Norway' heiress to the Scotish crown
Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\n}House of: Canmore{\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\n}Crowned: Not crowne
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| 85 | 1291 | - 1291—1292: Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland
between some eleven 'competitors' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed
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| 86 | 1292 | - 1292—1292: King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)
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| 87 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: signing of the "Auld Alliance" between Scotland and France
one of the world's oldest mutual defence treaties
- 1295—1295: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy
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| 88 | 1296 | - 1296—1296: Annexation of Scotland by England
Scotlands Coronation Stone the "Stone of Destiny" or "Stone of Scone" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily 'returned' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\n}Beginni
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| 89 | 1297 | - 1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
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| 90 | 1298 | - 1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
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| 91 | 1301 | - 2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1301: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales
He became King Edward II
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| 92 | 1305 | - 1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
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| 93 | 1306 | - 1306—1306: Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
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| 94 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: King Edward II
King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli
- 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
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| 95 | 1314 | - 6 1314—24 Jun 1314: Battle of Bannockburn
Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\n}Resulted in Scottish independence
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| 96 | 1320 | - 1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
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| 97 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth
- 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
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| 98 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: King Edward III
King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer
- 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England
- 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
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| 99 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland
- 1328—1328: First sawmill
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| 100 | 1329 | - 1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
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| 101 | 1346 | - 1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
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| 102 | 1348 | - 1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England
Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
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| 103 | 1349 | - 1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
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| 104 | 1351 | - 1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
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| 105 | 1362 | - 1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts
Quarter Sessions established by statute
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| 106 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish
Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
- 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
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| 107 | 1370 | - 1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
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| 108 | 1371 | - 1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
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| 109 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: King Richard II
{\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f
- 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
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| 110 | 1381 | - 1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
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| 111 | 1382 | - 1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
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| 112 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
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| 113 | 1387 | - 1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
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| 114 | 1388 | - 1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
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| 115 | 1397 | - 1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London
He was Lord Mayor 4 times
- 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
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| 116 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: King Henry IV
King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel
- 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II
Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty
- 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
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| 117 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented
- 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
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| 118 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: Trigger invented
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| 119 | 1412 | - 1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
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| 120 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: King Henry V
King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun
- 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
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| 121 | 1415 | - 10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt
St. Crispin's Day
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| 122 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: Oil painting invented
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| 123 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
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| 124 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: King Henry VI
{\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen
- 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England
He was 9 months old
- 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
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| 125 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
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| 126 | 1437 | - 2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth
James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
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| 127 | 1451 | - 1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
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| 128 | 1453 | - 7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
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| 129 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
- 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
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| 130 | 1457 | - 1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
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| 131 | 1460 | - 8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
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| 132 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: King Edward IV
King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com
- 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV
House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
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| 133 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames
- 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
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| 134 | 1468 | - 1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
|
| 135 | 1472 | - 1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
|
| 136 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
|
| 137 | 1476 | - 1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
|
| 138 | 1483 | - 1483—1483: King Edward V
King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were
- 1483—1485: King Richard III
{\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber
- 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V
House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 139 | 1484 | - 1484—1484: Introduction of bail
for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
|
| 140 | 1485 | - 1485—1509: King Henry VII
King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a
- 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field
King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard
- 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute
- 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt
House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
|
| 141 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
|
| 142 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
|
| 143 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines
- 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
|
| 144 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
|
| 145 | 1495 | - 1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
|
| 146 | 1497 | - 1497—1497: Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes
- 1497—1497: John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations
John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton
|
| 147 | 1499 | - 16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
|
| 148 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations
Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland
- 1500—1500: The first flush toilets appeared
|
| 149 | 1503 | - 1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)
- 1503—1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
- 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
|
| 150 | 1505 | - 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
- 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
|
| 151 | 1506 | - 22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
|
| 152 | 1507 | - 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of
Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
|
| 153 | 1508 | - 1508—1508: Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
|
| 154 | 1509 | - 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
- 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547)
- 1509—1547: King Henry VIII
{\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\n}{\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\n}1513 - The
- 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old
- 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
- 4 1509—28 Jan 1547: Henry VIII
House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV
|
| 155 | 1510 | - 1510—1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel
- 1510—1510: Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
|
| 156 | 1512 | - 1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice
versa
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
the "Auld Alliance" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa
- Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for
the first time
|
| 157 | 1513 | - 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army
Death of King James IV of Scots
- 1513—1513: Urs Graf invents etching
- 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at
Guinegate
- 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
|
| 158 | 1514 | - 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
|
| 159 | 1515 | - 15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
|
| 160 | 1516 | - 1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
|
| 161 | 1517 | - 31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as
start of the Reformation
- 10 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg
regarded as start of the Reformation
|
| 162 | 1518 | - 1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France,
England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored
by Cardinal Wolsey
|
| 163 | 1520 | - Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of
Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
|
| 164 | 1521 | - 17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant
his teachings
- 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
- 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of
Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
|
| 165 | 1522 | - 6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition,
becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
|
| 166 | 1523 | - 1523—1523: Sweden leaves the union
|
| 167 | 1525 | - 1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
|
| 168 | 1527 | - 1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
|
| 169 | 1528 | - 1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
|
| 170 | 1529 | - 1529—1529: Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
|
| 171 | 1531 | - 11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
|
| 172 | 1532 | - 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
- 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
|
| 173 | 1533 | - 25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen
on 1st June)
- 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
- 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
- 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
- 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
|
| 174 | 1534 | - 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence
Cartier claims land for France
|
| 175 | 1535 | - 1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
|
| 176 | 1536 | - 1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monastries starts in England
- 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed
- 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th
October)
- 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
|
| 177 | 1537 | - 24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future
Edward VI
|
| 178 | 1538 | - 1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible
- 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
- 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
- 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
|
| 179 | 1540 | - 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
- 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
9th February - First recorded horse racing event in Britain at Chester
- 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4
- 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester
- 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves
- 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day,
wife #5
|
| 180 | 1541 | - 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
- 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
- 1541—1541: First French settlement
Charlesbourg-Royal settlement esatablished by Cartier
|
| 181 | 1542 | - 1542—1542: Ther Rout of Solway Moss and the death of King James V of Scots
- 13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed
- 14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots'
succeeds him just 6 days old
|
| 182 | 1543 | - 12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him
- 9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in
Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
|
| 183 | 1544 | - 1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders
- 1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland
- 1544—1545: Mary of Guise Regent of Scotland
Henrys VIII "Rough Wooing" of the Scottish Borders
|
| 184 | 1545 | - 20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982
|
| 185 | 1546 | - 1546—1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
|
| 186 | 1547 | - 1547—1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias'
- 1547—1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)
- 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales
- 1547—1553: King Edward VI
King Edward VI ( 1547 - 1553 ) {\n}{\n}1547 - Edward VI accedes to the throne at the age of nine after the death of his father, Henry VIII.{\n}1547 - Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, uncle of Edward VI, is invested as Duke of Somerset and Protector of En
- 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in chruch services in England and Wales
Battle of Pinkie{\n}The injuction to keep parish register reiterated{\n}Death of Henry VIII (Edward VI to 1553)
- 28 Jan 1547—28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)
- 20 Feb 1547—20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey
- 10 Sep 1547—10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the
British Isles
- 1 1547—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI
House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor. Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553.
|
| 187 | 1548 | - 1548—1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554
|
| 188 | 1549 | - 1549—1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal
- 1549—1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal
- 1549—1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand
- 1549—1549: 9th June First Book of Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
Wedding ring finger changed from right to left{\n}First Act of Uniformity in Engalnd made Catholic Mass illegal{\n}English Parliament declares enclosures legal
- 9 Jun 1549—9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
|
| 189 | 1550 | - 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
- 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refuges from the Low Countries
|
| 190 | 1551 | - 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms
and banns of marriage
- 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders
each parish to keep a register of Baptisms and banns of marriage
|
| 191 | 1552 | - 1552—1552: Parishes are ordered to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage.
- Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
|
| 192 | 1553 | - 1553—1558: Queen Mary I
Queen Mary I ( 1553 - 1558 ) {\n}{\n}1553 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen by the Protector, the Duke of Northumberland. After nine days, Mary arrives in London, Lady Jane Grey is arrested, and Mary is crowned Queen.{\n}1554 - After Mary declares her
- 7 Jun 1553—19 Jul 1553: Jane
House of Tudor: Jane claimed throne on death of Edward VI, removed by Mary I
- 6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
- 19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
- 7 1553—17 Nov 1558: Mary I
House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon
|
| 193 | 1554 | - 1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate
at least 30 miles from their wives
- 1554—1558: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor
- 12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
|
| 194 | 1555 | - 1555—1555: Michel Nostradamus publishes his prophecies
|
| 195 | 1556 | - 21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
|
| 196 | 1557 | - 1557—1557: The First Covenant signed in Scotland
(Foundation of the Presbyterian Church)
|
| 197 | 1558 | - 1558—1558: System of Counties adopted
- 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
- 1558—1603: Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins
System of Counties adopted
- 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
Chancery Proceedings Indexes begin
- 1558—1603: Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I ( 1558 - 1603 ) {\n}{\n}1558 - Elizabeth accedes to the throne on the death of her half-sister, Mary.{\n}1559 - Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in January.{\n}1559 - Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore the Prote
- 7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France
- 24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris
- 17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister
Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England
- 11 1558—24 Mar 1603: Elizabeth I
House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn
|
| 198 | 1559 | - 1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe
- 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
- 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent
Strenghtens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
- 15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of
Carlisle
- 29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England
& Wales; established Church of England
|
| 199 | 1560 | - 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion
- some records lost
- 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland
commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost
- 1560—1560: Protestantism is established. Pope's authority is abolished. Celebrating mass becomes illegal.
- 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and
the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
|
| 200 | 1561 | - 1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
- 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it
was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was
introduced in 1663
|
| 201 | 1562 | - 1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and
the West Indies
- 1562—1562: African slave trade starts
|
| 202 | 1563 | - 1563—1563: Papal recusants heavily fined for non-attendance at Church
The Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from government offices
- 28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
|
| 203 | 1564 | - 26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's
Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
|
| 204 | 1565 | - 1565—1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Darley
- 29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first
cousin
|
| 205 | 1566 | - 1566—1566: Murder of Riccio in Holyrood House
- 9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
|
| 206 | 1567 | - 1567—1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Bothwell{\n}Earliest date in the French Protestant and Walloon registers
- 10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
- 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
- 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
|
| 207 | 1568 | - 1568—1568: Battle of Langside
Mary's flight into England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
- 1568—1568: Bottled beer invented in London
- 13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen
Elizabeth I
|
| 208 | 1569 | - 1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
- 1569—1569: Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection
|
| 209 | 1570 | - 25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate
Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
|
| 210 | 1571 | - 1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
- 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from
'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
- 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
- 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
Opening of the Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham
- 1571—1572: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
- 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham -
this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
|
| 211 | 1574 | - 1574—1738: Colonial State Papers published
continued to 1738
|
| 212 | 1577 | - 1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
|
| 213 | 1578 | - 1578—1578: Earliest Quaker registers begin
|
| 214 | 1579 | - 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
- 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
|
| 215 | 1580 | - 1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
- 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
- 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
- 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned
by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
|
| 216 | 1581 | - 1581—1581: English Levant Company founded
- 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
- 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after
circumnavigating the world
|
| 217 | 1582 | - 1582—1582: Gregorian calendar introduced in some couontires:
Spain and Portugal, France, Low Countries, part of Italy, Denmark
|
| 218 | 1583 | - 1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded
- 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
- 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
University of Edinburgh founded
- Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's,
Newfoundland
|
| 219 | 1584 | - 4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on
Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
|
| 220 | 1585 | - 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
- 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
Shakespeare started seriously to write about this time
|
| 221 | 1587 | - 1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
- 1587—1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by English at Fotheringay Castle near Peterborough
11th August; Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents, Virginia Dare (August 18th){\n}Introduction of potatoes to England
- 8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
- 19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
- 11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child
born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
|
| 222 | 1588 | - 1588—1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
- 1588—1588: 29th July Defeat of the Spanish Armada
(had set sail from Lisbon 20th May){\n}Invention of shorthand by Dr. Timothy Bright
- 19 Jul 1588—19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
- 29 Jul 1588—29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
|
| 223 | 1589 | - 1589—1589: Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine
|
| 224 | 1590 | - 1590—1590: Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope
|
| 225 | 1591 | - 1591—1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
|
| 226 | 1592 | - 1592—1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
- 1592—1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops -
secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
- 1592—1592: A congregational (or Independant) Church formed in London.
Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all minsters equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
- 1592—1592: The Presbyterian Church is formally established.
|
| 227 | 1593 | - 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
- 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
- 1593—1593: Galileo invents a water thermometer
|
| 228 | 1594 | - 1594—1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
|
| 229 | 1597 | - 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection
allowed
- 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor -
Poor Rate collection allowed
|
| 230 | 1598 | - 1598—1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to
be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries
were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
- 1598—1598: Bishops transcript of English and Welsh parish registers start [some say 1597]
Edict of Nantes gives Huguentots toleration if France
|
| 231 | 1600 | - 1600—1600: Memoirs of Officers of the Royal Navy begin
- 1600—1600: The calendar changes from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar.
- 1 Jan 1600—1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
- 31 Dec 1600—31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
|
| 232 | 1601 | - 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed
- 1601—1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
- 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law passed
First us of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster{\n}Easst India Company formed
|
| 233 | 1602 | - 20 Mar 1602—20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded
- 8 Nov 1602—8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
|
| 234 | 1603 | - 1603—1625: King James I
King James I ( 1603 - 1625 ) {\n}{\n}1603 - James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England, Scotland, and Ireland after the death of Elizabeth I.{\n}1603 - The Millenary Petition is presented to James I. It expresses Puritan desires for reforms to t
- 1603—1603: 24th March - Death of Queen Elizabeth I
union of Scottish and English crowns under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
- 1603—1603: The crowns of England and Scotland unite.
- 24 Mar 1603—24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James
VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
- 25 Jul 1603—25 Jul 1603: Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
- 3 1603—27 Mar 1625: James I
House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.
|
| 235 | 1604 | - 1604—1632: EXPLORATION PERIOD
- 1604—1604: First Acadian settlement on Saint-Croix Island
- 1604—1604: Settlement of New France
First Acadian settlement on Saint Croix Island
- 1 Nov 1604—1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
|
| 236 | 1605 | - 1605—1605: First Acadian settlement in Port-Royal
- 1605—1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes)
- 1605—1605: Settlement of New France
First successful New France colony at Port Royal
- 5 Nov 1605—5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
|
| 237 | 1606 | - 1606—1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed,
and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
- 1606—1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
- 1606—1606: 12th April Adoption of Union Jack as the flag of "Great Britain"
The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia{\n}Episcopacy established in Scotland (against the wishes of the Scots
- 31 Jan 1606—31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
- 12 Mar 1606—12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is
used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
|
| 238 | 1607 | - 1607—1607: Jamestown is established
- 1607—1607: Flight of the Earls - leading Ulster families go into exile
- 14 May 1607—14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in
North America
|
| 239 | 1608 | - 1608—1608: First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in
Jan 1610
- 1608—1608: Québec founded
Québec founded by Samuel de Champlain
- 1608—1608: Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope
|
| 240 | 1610 | - 1610—1610: James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted
and many of their records lost
- 1610—1610: James VI established the Episcopal Church in Scotland -
Presbyterians persecuted and many of their records lost
- 1610—1610: Henry Hudson explorations
Henry Hudson explores Hudson and James' Bays
|
| 241 | 1611 | - 1611—1611: Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain
- 1611—1611: Plantation of Ulster with English and Scottish colonists
Authorised (King James) version of Bible in England{\n}James VI and I created the title Baronet
- 22 May 1611—22 May 1611: James VI & I created the title of baronet
|
| 242 | 1613 | - 1613—1613: A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small
- 29 Jun 1613—29 Jun 1613: The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth
(finally pulled down in 1644)
|
| 243 | 1616 | - 1616—1616: Death of Shakespeare (23rd April)
- 23 Apr 1616—23 Apr 1616: Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare
|
| 244 | 1617 | - 1617—1617: Register of Sasines (Land Leases) established in Scotland -
record of the transfer of land and property
|
| 245 | 1618 | - 1618—1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I
|
| 246 | 1619 | - 4 Dec 1619—4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in
Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the
Americas)
|
| 247 | 1620 | - 1620—1620: Pilgrim Fathers land at Plymouth Rock
- 1620—1620: Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley
- 1620—1620: The Mayflower reaches America
- December 21st - founds Plymouth New England.{\n}Manufacture of coke patented by Dud Dudley
- 1620—1620: The earliest human-powered submarine invented
- 21 Dec 1620—21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New
England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)
|
| 248 | 1621 | - 1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
- 1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and be four and half feet above roof
Shakespear's First Polio published
|
| 249 | 1622 | - 1622—1622: First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News'
- 1622—1622: First Englaish Newspaper appears
|
| 250 | 1624 | - 1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England: patents protected
- 1624—1624: Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
- 1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England - patents protected
- 1624—1624: William Oughtred invents a slide ruler
|
| 251 | 1625 | - 1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
- 1625—1649: King Charles I
King Charles I ( 1625 - 1649 ) {\n}{\n}1625 - Charles I succeeds his father, James I.{\n}1626 - Parliament attempts to impeach the Duke of Buckingham and is dissolved by Charles.{\n}1627 - England goes to war with France, but at La Rochelle the Duke of Bu
- 1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
Death of King James VI and I
- 1625—1649: Carolean Age
- 1625—1625: Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion
- 27 Mar 1625—27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
- 3 1625—30 Jan 1649: Charles I
House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649
|
| 252 | 1627 | - 1627—1627: The Company of One Hundred Associates formed to colonize New France
|
| 253 | 1628 | - 1 Mar 1628—1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns)
pay ship tax by this date
|
| 254 | 1629 | - 1629—1629: Parliament desolved by King Charles I -
did not meet for another 11 years
- 1629—1629: Québec captured by Britain
- 1629—1629: Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine
- 10 Mar 1629—10 Mar 1629: Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 yea
|
| 255 | 1630 | - 1630—1750: Renaissance Period - Art and Antiques
- 1630—1750: Baroque Period (Art and Antiques)
- 1630—1640: European diseases/epidemics kill indians
|
| 256 | 1632 | - 1632—1632: Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye
- 1632—1632: Québec returned to France by the 'Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye'
- 1632—1633: Samuel de Champlain named the first Governor of New France
- 7 1632—Jul 1632: Isaac de Razilly sails from LaRochelle
Isaac de Razilly departs from LaRochelle with Charles de Menou and 300 settlers.
- 9 Aug 1632—8 Sep 1632: Isaac de Razilly arrives at Le Heve
|
| 257 | 1633 | - Jun 1633—Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
|
| 258 | 1635 | - 1635—1635: Letter Office of England & Scotland started
- 1635—1635: Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
- 1635—1635: Letter Office of England and Scotland started
Flintlock invented this time
|
| 259 | 1636 | - 1636—1755: PRE-DEPORTATION PERIOD
- 1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
- 1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
- 1636—1636: W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer
- 4 Jan 1636—1 Apr 1636: Arrival of the St. Jehan in Port-Royal
The St. Jehan arrives in Port-Royal with French settlers, including both men and women.
|
| 260 | 1637 | - 1637—1637: Scottish Prayer Book published
- 1637—1638: Pequot War
|
| 261 | 1638 | - 1638—1638: King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose
between their church and the King - a ?Covenant' swearing to resist these changes to the
Death was signed in Greyfriars Church Edinburgh and was accepted by hun
- 1638—1638: Charles regarded protests against the prayer book as treason
forced scots fgo choose between their church and the King - a "Covenant", swearing to resist changes to the death, was signed in Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousandsof Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)
|
| 262 | 1639 | - 1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
- 1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious tolerance
|
| 263 | 1640 | - 3 Nov 1640—3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish
invasion
|
| 264 | 1641 | - 1641—1641: Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England
- 1641—1641: Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland
- 1641—1641: Charles I policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England -
Charles I and the English Parliament scknowledge the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
- 23 Oct 1641—23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
|
| 265 | 1642 | - 1642—1642: The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers
- 1642—1642: English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)
- 1642—1642: 22nd August - Charles I raises his standard at Nottinngham -
First Civil War in England (to 1649) - first engagement at Edgehill - {\n}Scottish Covenanters side with the English rebels who take power -{\n}the Earl of Montrose sided with King Chalres, strife spilled into Scotland{\n}The Civil Ward interrupted the ke
- 1642—1642: Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine
- 22 Aug 1642—22 Aug 1642: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to
1649)
- 13 Nov 1642—13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in face of the
Parliamentarian army and fail to take London
- 24 Nov 1642—24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)
- 18 Dec 1642—18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
|
| 266 | 1643 | - 1643—1643: Solomn League and Covenrant signed in Scotland
- 1643—1643: Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer
- 13 Dec 1643—13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton - victory for Parliamentarians - Sir Richard Bolle killed in St
Lawrence's church
|
| 267 | 1644 | - 1644—1644: Earlist Indepenent (Congregational) registers
Earliest Presbyterian registers
- 29 Jun 1644—29 Jun 1644: Battle of Cropredy Bridge - Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces
- 2 Jul 1644—2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor, near York - Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists
|
| 268 | 1645 | - 1645—1645: Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland
- 1645—1645: Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot
soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia - population of Scotland estimated at
420,000
- 1645—1645: Plague made its last appearance in Scotland
- 1645—1645: Battle of Philipburgh in Scotland
Inquisitions Post Mortem end{\n}Acotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia -{\n}Population of Scotland estimated at 420,000{\n}Plague made its last appearance in Sc
- 14 Jun 1645—14 Jun 1645: Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces
|
| 269 | 1646 | - 1646—1646: 20th June: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
- 5 May 1646—5 May 1646: Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark
- 20 Jun 1646—20 Jun 1646: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
|
| 270 | 1647 | - 1647—1647: Earliest Baptist registers survive from this year
|
| 271 | 1648 | - 1648—1648: Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox
- 1648—1648: First practical thermometers made
|
| 272 | 1649 | - 1649—1649: Cromwell's Irish campaign starts
- 1649—1649: King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
- 1649—1649: 30th June: King Charles I executed
19th May: Commonwealth declared{\n}Cromwell's Irish campaign starts{\n}King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
- 1649—1660: Commonwealth period - Oliver Cromwell
- 6 Jan 1649—6 Jan 1649: 'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial
- 30 Jan 1649—30 Jan 1649: King Charles I executed
- 19 May 1649—19 May 1649: Commonwealth declared
- 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Theatres banned by Cromwell
- 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Christmas banned by Cromwell
- 12 1649—3 Sep 1658: Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Commonwealth & Protectorate:
|
| 273 | 1650 | - 1650—1650: Coffee brought to England about this time
- 1650—1650: George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers)
Coffee brought to England about this time
- 1650—1650: Otto von Guericke invents a air pump
|
| 274 | 1651 | - 1651—1651: The second English Civil War (1651-1652)
- 1651—1651: Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America
- 1651—1652: The second English Civil War
Scottish prisoners transported to the English settlements in America
- 3 Sep 1651—3 Sep 1651: Battle of Worcester
|
| 275 | 1653 | - 1653—1653: Commonwealth registers start
- 1653—1653: Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land
- 1653—1653: Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London
- 1653—1660: Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London
- 1653—1653: Commonwealther registers start
Commonwealth changed into Cromwell's Protectorate{\n}Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land (in Ireland?)
- 20 Apr 1653—20 Apr 1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament
- 16 Dec 1653—16 Dec 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,
Scotland and Ireland
|
| 276 | 1655 | - 1655—1655: Fort Port-Royal is captured by the British
- 1655—1655: Fort Port-Royal captured by the British
|
| 277 | 1656 | - 1656—1656: Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock
|
| 278 | 1657 | - 1657—1657: Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]
- 1657—1657: A few Jews permitted to settle in England
- 1657—1657: Post Office established by Act of Parliament (others say 1660)
A few Jews permitted to settle in England
|
| 279 | 1658 | - 1658—1658: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)
- 1658—1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
- 1658—1660: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector
- 9 Mar 1658—24 May 1659: Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector
Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659
- 3 Sep 1658—3 Sep 1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
|
| 280 | 1659 | - 1659—1659: Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK
- 1659—1659: 6th February - date of first known cheque to be drawn
- 1659—1659: Lake Superior explored
Pierre-Esprit Radisson & Sieur des Groseilliers explore Lake Superior
- 6 Feb 1659—6 Feb 1659: Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn
|
| 281 | 1660 | - 1660—1660: Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed
- 1660—1660: Provincial Probate Courts re-established
- 1660—1660: Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom
- 1660—1660: Composition of light discovered by Newton
- 1660—1660: Honourable East India Company founded by British
- 1660—1660: 1st January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary
29th May - Restoration of British Monarchy - Oak Apple Day - Theartres reopened{\n}Commonwealth registers ended, Parish registers resumed{\n}Provincial Probate Courtds re-established{\n}Oct: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn - Thomas H
- 1660—1660: Quaker-Scottish colony was established in East New Jersey
- 1660—1685: King Charles II
King Charles II ( 1660 - 1685 ) {\n}{\n}1660 - Charles returns to England from Holland and is restored to the throne.{\n}1662 - Act of Uniformity compels Puritans to accept the doctrines of the Church of England or leave the church.{\n}1665 - Outbreak of
- 1660—1660: Restoration Period
- 1660—1660: Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region
- 1 Jan 1660—1 Jan 1660: Samuel Pepys starts his diary
- 5 May 1660—6 Feb 1685: Charles II
House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649.
- 29 May 1660—29 May 1660: Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres
reopened
- 17 Oct 1660—17 Oct 1660: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn
- 28 Nov 1660—28 Nov 1660: Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir
Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society
- 8 Dec 1660—8 Dec 1660: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)
|
| 282 | 1661 | - 1661—1661: Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland
- 1661—1661: Board of Trade founded in London
- 1661—1661: Hand-struck postage stamps first used
- 1661—1661: Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office
- 1661—1661: Persectution of Non-Conformists in England
Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland{\n}Board of Trade founded in London{\n}Hand-struck postage stamps first used{\n}Corporation Act prevents non-anglicans from holding municipal office
- 30 Jan 1661—30 Jan 1661: Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!
|
| 283 | 1662 | - 1662—1662: 'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)
- 1662—1662: Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering
poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)
- 1662—1662: Tea introduced to Britain
- 1662—1662: Hearth Tax
Poor Relief Act "Act of Settlement" - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin{\n}Act of Uniformity - about 2,00 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyerians and Independants){\n}Persectution
- 24 Aug 1662—24 Aug 1662: Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About
2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and
Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established -
E
|
| 284 | 1663 | - 1663—1663: Earliest Roman Cathilic registers
- 1663—1663: Great Québec earthquake
- 1663—1663: Québec becomes a crown colony (royal province) of France
- 1663—1663: James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope
|
| 285 | 1664 | - 29 May 1664—29 May 1664: Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered
London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day
of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common
Pray
- 27 Aug 1664—27 Aug 1664: Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col.
Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is
renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York
|
| 286 | 1665 | - 1665—1665: Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000
- 1665—1665: Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain
- 1665—1665: Great Plague of London
- 7 Nov 1665—7 Nov 1665: The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the
United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the
United Kingdom
|
| 287 | 1666 | - 1666—1666: Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester
- 1666—1666: Newton formulated Laws of Gravity
- 1666—1666: 2nd to 6th September; Great Fire of London,
after a drought beginning 27th June{\n}Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester{\n}Act of Parliament - burials to be in woollen
- 1666—1689: Considerable religious unrest on Scotland (The Covenanteers)
Covenanteers Rising at St. John's Town of Dalry
- 1666—1666: First New World Census
Census taken by Intendant Jean Talon in New France of 3215 inhabitants
- 2 Sep 1666—2 Sep 1666: Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)
|
| 288 | 1667 | - 1667—1667: Treaty of Breda
Acadia is recognized as a French possession
|
| 289 | 1668 | - 1668—1668: British East India Company obtains control of Bombay
- 1668—1668: Newton constructs reflecting telescope
- 1668—1668: Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope
|
| 290 | 1669 | - 1669—1669: Earliest Lutheran registers survive from this year
- 31 May 1669—31 May 1669: Last entry in Pepys's diary
|
| 291 | 1670 | - 1670—1670: Treaty of Breda
- 1670—1670: Earliest Synagogue registers - Bevis Marks
- 1670—1670: Dom Pérignon invents Champagne
- 1670—1670: The first reference to a candy cane is made
- 5 Feb 1670—2 May 1670: Hudson's Bay Company formed
Hudson's Bay Company granted trade rights over all territory draining into Hudson's Bay
- 26 May 1670—26 May 1670: King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover
|
| 292 | 1671 | - 1671—1671: First Acadian Census
The population of Acadia numbering 340 is enumerated for its first census.
- 1671—1671: Census of Acadia
First census of Acadians in Port Royal, New France, counts 340
- 1671—1671: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine
- 9 May 1671—9 May 1671: Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels
|
| 293 | 1672 | - 1672—1672: Founding of Beaubassin
Beaubassin in the Chignecto Region is established
- 1672—1672: High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland
- 1672—1672: War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men
- 1672—1672: High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland
War with Holland - British Army increased to 10,000 men
- 1672—1678: Comte de Frontenac governs New France
|
| 294 | 1673 | - 1673—1673: First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
- 1673—1673: First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
- 1673—1673: First European settlement in Great Lakes Region
Fort Cataraqui (later Fort Frontenac) established by the French
|
| 295 | 1674 | - 10 Nov 1674—10 Nov 1674: Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern
coast of North America) to Britain
|
| 296 | 1675 | - 1675—1675: Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury
- 1675—1675: Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710)
- 1675—1675: Beginning of Whig Party under Shaftsbury
10th August; Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
- 1675—1675: Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch
- 4 Mar 1675—4 Mar 1675: John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England
- 7 Apr 1675—12 Aug 1676: King Philip's War
New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians
- 10 Aug 1675—10 Aug 1675: Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
|
| 297 | 1676 | - 1676—1676: Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was
intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and
Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes
- 1676—1676: Robert Hooke invents the universal joint
|
| 298 | 1677 | - 1677—1677: Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published
- 1677—1677: Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published
|
| 299 | 1678 | - 1678—1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
- 1678—1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
- 1678—1678: The first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britiannica" published -
in Edinburgh by William Smellie
- 1678—1678: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 300 | 1679 | - 1679—1679: Tories first so named
- 1679—1679: 27th May: Haveas Corpus Act became law in England
(Later repealed from time to time){\n}Tories first so named{\n}Battle of Bothwell Brig in Scotland{\n}Buriel in Woolen more strictly enforced
- 1679—1679: Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker
- 27 May 1679—27 May 1679: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to
time)
|
| 301 | 1680 | - 1680—1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
- 1680—1680: Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting
- 1680—1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
- 1680—1770: Chinoiserie Period (Art and Antiques)
|
| 302 | 1681 | - 1681—1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
- 1681—1681: Oil lighting first used in London streets
- 1681—1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
Oil lighting first used in London streets.
|
| 303 | 1682 | - 1682—1682: Founding of Grand-Pré
Grand-Pré located in Minas is founded. It will become the bread basket of Acadia.
- 1682—1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
- 1682—1682: Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland
- 1682—1682: Halley observes the comet which bears his name
- 1682—1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland
|
| 304 | 1683 | - 1683—1683: Wild boar become extinct in Britain
- 1683—1683: 6th June: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum on Britain
- 6 Jun 1683—6 Jun 1683: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain
|
| 305 | 1684 | - 1684—1684: Presbyterian settlement in Stuart's Town in South Carolina
Huguenot registers begin in London
|
| 306 | 1685 | - 1685—1685: James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of
Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men
- 1685—1685: Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland
- 1685—1685: Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported
- 1685—1685: Earl of Argyll's invasion of Scotland
James II (1689-1689 died 1701){\n}Monmouth Rebellion and Battle of Sedgemoor{\n}British Army raised to 20,000 men{\n}Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported{\n}Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - drove thousands of Proestants
- 1685—1688: King James II
King James II ( 1685 - 1688 ) {\n}{\n}1685 - James succeeds his brother, Charles II.{\n}1685 - Rebellion of the Earl of Argyll in Scotland designed to place the Duke of Monmouth, Charles II's illegitimate son, on the throne is crushed and Argyll is execut
- 2 Jun 1685—13 Feb 1689: James II
House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689
|
| 307 | 1686 | - 1686—1686: Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
- 1686—1686: Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
- 1686—1686: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 308 | 1687 | - 1687—1687: St-Charles des Mines Church is built at Grand-Pré
- 4 Apr 1687—4 Apr 1687: James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics
and non-conformists
- 5 Jul 1687—5 Jul 1687: Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' - written
in Latin
|
| 309 | 1688 | - 1688—1688: British Army raised to 40,000
- 1688—1688: Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament
- 1688—1688: Hearth Tax abolished
- 1688—1688: Mutiny Act
- 1688—1688: February: Edward Lloyds Coffee House - later became Lloyd's of London
November: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates{\n}William of Orange lands in England{\n}William of Hanover and Mary daughter of James II, jointly take the throne - (only William, however, has regal power){\n}British Army raised to 40,000{\n}Bill of
- Feb 1688—Feb 1688: Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens - later became Lloyd's of London
- Nov 1688—Nov 1688: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates
- 5 Nov 1688—5 Nov 1688: William of Orange lands at Torbay
- Dec 1688—Dec 1688: Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)
|
| 310 | 1689 | - 1689—1689: Devonport naval dockyard established
- 1689—1702: King William III and Queen Mary II
King William III and Queen Mary II ( 1689 - 1702 ) {\n}{\n}1689 - Parliament draws up the Declaration of Right detailing the unconstitutional acts of James II. William and Mary become joint sovereigns.{\n}1689 - Bill of Rights is passed in Parliament.{\n}
- 1689—1689: Deposed James VII and II flees to Ireland
Defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1690){\n}Earliest Royal Dutch Chapel registers{\n}Seige of Londonderry{\n}Toleration Act for Protestant non-conformists{\n}Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland
- 1689—1697: King William's War
English Colonies vs France
- 1689—1701: French - Five Nations Indian war
- 13 Feb 1689—13 Feb 1689: William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)
- 12 Mar 1689—12 Mar 1689: Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1
Jul 1690)
- 24 May 1689—24 May 1689: Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists
- 27 Jul 1689—27 Jul 1689: Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland - Jacobites defeated Government troops but
at high cost
- 16 Dec 1689—16 Dec 1689: Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or
wage war
- 2 1689—28 Dec 1694: William III and Mary II
House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
|
| 311 | 1690 | - 1690—1690: The British capture Port-Royal
Port-Royal is captured by the British. It will be renamed Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.
- 1690—1690: Great Synagogue founded
Presbyterian fonally established in Scotland{\n}Battle of the Boyne
- 1690—1690: Port-Royal captured
British capture Port-Royal and rename it to Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
- 1690—1690: The Presbyterian Church is permanently restored and becomes the Church of Scotland.
- 20 May 1690—20 May 1690: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II
|
| 312 | 1691 | - 1691—1691: Earliest date in known German Lutheran registers
- 1691—1691: Newfoundland census
Census taken in Newfoundland
|
| 313 | 1692 | - 1692—1692: Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public
offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of
wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Ta
- 1692—1692: French intention to invade England came to nothing
- 1692—1692: The Massacre of Glencoe
Clan Campbell side with the king and murder members of the Clan McDonald (1691?)
- 1692—1692: French intention to invade England came to naught
- 13 Feb 1692—13 Feb 1692: The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and
murders members of Clan McDonald
|
| 314 | 1693 | - 1693—1693: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1693—1693: Newfoundland census
Census taken in Newfoundland
- 4 Aug 1693—4 Aug 1693: Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne
|
| 315 | 1694 | - 1694—1694: National Debt came into effect in England
- 1694—1694: Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland
- 1694—1694: Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler
- 1694—1694: Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years
- 1694—1694: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)
- 1694—1694: National Deb came into effect in England
Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot){\n}Triennial Act
- 1694—1699: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane
- 27 Jul 1694—27 Jul 1694: Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
- 12 1694—8 Mar 1702: William III
House of Stuart (restored): Reigned alone after death of Mary II
|
| 316 | 1695 | - 1695—1695: Freedom of Press in England granted
- 1695—1695: Bank of Scotland founded
- 1695—1695: Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the
birth of a child (repealed 1706)
- 1695—1695: Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the
parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'
- 1695—1695: Freedom of the Press
Bank of Scotland founded{\n}Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed in 1706){\n}Start of "Dissenters" lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish churc
- 1695—1695: Census of Acadia
Census of St. Jean River Acadians
|
| 317 | 1696 | - 1696—1696: Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses
Education Act passed by Scottish Parliament{\n}Window Tax (replaced Hearth Tax) increased in 1747; abolished in 1851)
|
| 318 | 1697 | - 1697—1697: Treaty of Ryswick
- 1697—1697: 2nd December - Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
- 2 Dec 1697—2 Dec 1697: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
|
| 319 | 1698 | - 1698—1698: Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery
- 1698—1698: Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama
- 1698—1698: Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
- 1698—1698: Invention of steam engine by Captain Thomas Savery
Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama{\n}Duties (Taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
- 1698—1698: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1698—1698: Englishmen, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump
- 4 Jan 1698—4 Jan 1698: Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire
- 14 Nov 1698—14 Nov 1698: Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
|
| 320 | 1700 | - 1700—1700: Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
- 1700—1700: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 321 | 1701 | - 1701—1701: Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne
- 1701—1701: Founding of Petitcodiac
- 1701—1701: Act of Parliament bars Catholice from the British throne
- 1701—1701: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1701—1701: Jethro Tull invents the seed drill
- 23 May 1701—23 May 1701: After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain
William Kidd hanged in London
|
| 322 | 1702 | - 1702—1702: 8th March - Anne Stuart becomes Queen
11th March - First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735){\n}War of Spanish Succession (1702- 1713)
- 1702—1714: Queen Anne
Queen Anne ( 1702 - 1714 ) {\n}{\n}1702 - Anne succeeds her brother-in-law, William III.{\n}1702 - England declares war on France in the War of the Spanish Succession{\n}1704 - English, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under Marlborough defeat the French at
- 1702—1714: Queen Ann Period (Art & Antiques)
- 1702—1713: Queen Anne's War
English Colonies vs France
- 1702—1702: War of Spanish Succession
- 8 Mar 1702—8 Mar 1702: Anne Stuart becomes Queen
- 11 Mar 1702—11 Mar 1702: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
- 3 Aug 1702—1 Aug 1714: Anne
House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs
|
| 323 | 1703 | - 1703—1703: Eighth Acadian census
With a population of 1,450, the Acadians are enumerated again.
- 1703—1703: Repeal of Duties on entries in Parish Registers
Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
- 1703—1703: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France counts 1,450
- 4 Aug 1703—4 Aug 1703: British take Gibraltar
- 24 Nov 1703—24 Nov 1703: Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage
across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone
lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
|
| 324 | 1704 | - 1704—1704: Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
- 1704—1704: Newfoundland census
Census taken in Newfoundland listing only heads of families
- 13 Aug 1704—13 Aug 1704: Battle of Blenheim
|
| 325 | 1705 | - 1705—1705: Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
- 1705—1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710
or 1711)
- 1705—1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newman
|
| 326 | 1706 | - 1706—1706: First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London
|
| 327 | 1707 | - 1707—1707: 1st January - Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading pri
Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March{\n}1st May - English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - {\n}the Kingdom of Great Britian established{\n}Last use of veto by a British sovereign
- 1707—1707: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1707—1707: The Act of Union is formed between Scotland and England, creating Great Britain.
- 16 Jan 1707—16 Jan 1707: Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English
Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in
March
- 1 May 1707—1 May 1707: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament -
The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
|
| 328 | 1708 | - 1708—1708: Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
- 1708—1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland
- 1708—1708: Queen Anne's war breaks out
Queen Anne's war breaks out and there is unrest with the British.
- 1708—1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland
Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
- 1708—1708: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 329 | 1709 | - 1709—1709: Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain
- 1709—1709: First Copyright Act pass
- 1709—1709: Second Eddystone lighthouse completed
- 1709—1709: First Copyright Act passed
- 1709—1709: Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano
- 2 Feb 1709—2 Feb 1709: Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book
Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
|
| 330 | 1710 | - 1710—1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
- 1710—1710: Port-Royal falls to the British
Port-Royal falls to the British one last time and now called Annapolis Royal after Queen Anne.
- 1710—1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures
|
| 331 | 1711 | - 1711—1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
- 1711—1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
- 1711—1711: Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork
- 11 Aug 1711—11 Aug 1711: First race meeting at Ascot
- 8 1711—23 Aug 1711: British Fleet runs aground on Ile-aux-Oeufs
950 drown while preparing to attack Québec
|
| 332 | 1712 | - 1712—1712: Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans
- 1712—1712: Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
- 1712—1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)
- 1712—1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1835)
Last trial of witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham){\n}Toleration Act passed{\n}First relief to non-Anglicans{\n}Patronage Act - patronage of ministers restored
- 1712—1712: Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine
|
| 333 | 1713 | - 1713—1713: By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
- 1713—1713: Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht. Acadia now belongs to England and never again returns to France.
- 1713—1713: Treaty of Utrecht concludes the Was of the Spanish Succession
- 1713—1713: Nova Scotia created
Britain renames Acadia to Nova Scotia
- 1713—1713: Treaty of Utrecht
Britain gets possession of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia -- except for Ile Royale (Cape Breton)
|
| 334 | 1714 | - 1714—1714: Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism
- 1714—1714: Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England
- 1714—1714: Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of
determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).
- 1714—1714: 1st August - Queen Anne Stuart died - George I Hanover becomes king
Chancery Proceedings filed under Six Clerics{\n}Schism Act{\n}Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism{\n}Quater Sessions Records from this date often mention Protestant dissenters and Roman Cathilic Recusants
- 1714—1727: King George I
King George I ( 1714 - 1727 ) {\n}{\n}1714 - George I, the first Hanoverian King, succeeds his distant cousin, Anne.{\n}1714 - A new Parliament is elected with a strong Whig majority led by Robert Walpole. {\n}1715 - The Jacobite rising begins in Scotland
- 1714—1714: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 8 Jan 1714—Oct 1727: George I
House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sohia, granddaughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement
- 1 Aug 1714—1 Aug 1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
|
| 335 | 1715 | - 1715—1715: Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')
- 1715—1715: Riot Act passed
Second Jacobire rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender (the fifteenth)
- 1715—1715: Scots support James Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.
Called the first Jacobite rebellion.
- 1 Aug 1715—1 Aug 1715: Riot Act passed
|
| 336 | 1716 | - 1716—1716: Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without
interrupting the frost fair
- 1716—1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections
now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)
- 1716—1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption -
general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3
- 1716—1716: Census of Acadia
Census of Port Toulouse Acadians
|
| 337 | 1717 | - 1717—1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London
- 1717—1717: Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
- 1717—1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London
- 1717—1717: Edmond Halley invents the diving bell
|
| 338 | 1719 | - 1719—1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
- 1719—1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
|
| 339 | 1720 | - 1720—1720: Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
- 1720—1720: Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth
- 1720—1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes
control of National Debt
- 1720—1720: The French begin construction of the fortress at Louisbourg
The fortress at Louisbourg begins construction.
- 1720—1720: Irish Famine
- 1720—1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Esxchange Alley
Manufacturing towns start to0 increase in population - rise of new wealth
|
| 340 | 1721 | - 1721—1721: Robert Walpole (whig) becaomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
Bailey's Northern Directory
- 2 Apr 1721—2 Apr 1721: Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
|
| 341 | 1722 | - 1722—1722: Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
- 1722—1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
- 1722—1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
Knatchbull's Act, poor law
- 1722—1722: French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher
|
| 342 | 1723 | - 1723—1723: The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
- 1723—1723: The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be
sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827
- 1723—1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
- 1723—1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching{\n}The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
- 1723—1726: Drummer's War
|
| 343 | 1724 | - 1724—1724: Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
- 1724—1724: Rapid growth of gin drinking in England
- 1724—1724: Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer
|
| 344 | 1725 | - 1725—1726: Treaty of Hanover: France, Prussia, England v. Spain, Austria
- 12 1725—15 Dec 1725: Indian Treaties Signed
Treaties between Eastern Aboriginal Peoples and Great Britain
|
| 345 | 1726 | - 1726—1726: Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
- 1726—1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
- 1726—1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
|
| 346 | 1727 | - 1727—1727: Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland
- 1727—1727: Board of Manufactoring established in Scotland
11th June George I died - George II Hanover becomes king
- 1727—1760: King George II
King George II ( 1727 - 1760 ) {\n}{\n}1727 - George succeeds his father, George I.{\n}1732 - A royal charter is granted for the founding of Georgia in America.{\n}1737 - Death of George's wife, Queen Caroline.{\n}1738 - John and Charles Wesley start the
- 11 Jun 1727—11 Jun 1727: George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
- 6 Nov 1727—25 Oct 1760: George II
House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg
|
| 347 | 1729 | - 1729—1729: Methodists begin in Oxford
- 9 Nov 1729—9 Nov 1729: Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained
control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
|
| 348 | 1730 | - 1730—1730: Irish famine
- 1730—1750: Rococo Period (Art and Antiques)
|
| 349 | 1731 | - 1731—1731: Invention of sextant by John Hadley
- 1731—1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]
- 1731—1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull
Invention of sextant by John Hadley
|
| 350 | 1732 | - 1732—1732: Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls
- 7 Dec 1732—7 Dec 1732: Covent Garden Opera House opens
|
| 351 | 1733 | - 1733—1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
- 1733—1733: Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in
Latin for a few years
- 1733—1733: Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine -
Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax
- 1733—1733: Excise crisis; Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine
Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax{\n}Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years
- 1733—1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle
|
| 352 | 1734 | - 1734—1734: Kent's Directory published
- 1734—1734: Kent's Directory
|
| 353 | 1737 | - 1737—1737: Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship
of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)
|
| 354 | 1738 | - 1738—1738: Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers
John Wesley has his conversion experience
- 24 May 1738—24 May 1738: John Wesley has his conversion experience
|
| 355 | 1739 | - 1739—1739: Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
- 1739—1739: Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
- 1739—1739: Last French-rule census
- 7 Apr 1739—7 Apr 1739: Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York
- 23 Oct 1739—23 Oct 1739: War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain
|
| 356 | 1741 | - 1741—1741: Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian
registers
- 1741—1741: Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodist or Inghamites
Earliest Moravian registers{\n}Earliest Scotch Church registers
|
| 357 | 1742 | - 1742—1742: England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham)
for the sake of trade
- 1742—1742: England goes to war with Spain -
incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for sake of trade
- 1742—1742: 16th June Battle of Dettingen - last time British soveriegn (George II) led troops into battle
|
| 358 | 1743 | - 16 Jun 1743—16 Jun 1743: (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British
sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
|
| 359 | 1744 | - 1744—1744: Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
- 1744—1744: Church of Scotland split over taking of Burgess' Oath
- Burghers and Anti Burghers{\n}First Methodist Conference
- 1744—1748: King George's War
French Colonies vs Great Britain
- 1744—1744: War of the Austrian Succession (King George's War)
European war sets England against France
- 4 Sep 1744—9 Apr 1744: Great Britain declares war against France
New France vs British in Nova Scotia
- 3 Nov 1744—11 Mar 1744: France declares war against England
New France vs British in Nova Scotia
|
| 360 | 1745 | - 1745—1745: Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
- 1745—1745: Jacobite rebellion in Scotland (The Forty-Five)
August - Bonnie Prince Charlies (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh and England as far as Derby
- 1745—1745: Louisbourg taken from France
Louisbourg captured by Gov. William Shirley of Massachusetts
- 1745—1745: Scots support James' son Charles Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.
Called the second Jacobite rebellion.
- 1745—1745: E.G. von Kleist invents the leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor
- 19 Aug 1745—19 Aug 1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands -
raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth,
Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
|
| 361 | 1746 | - 1746—1746: English defeat the forces of Charles Edward Stuart in the Battle of Culloden.
After this battle, the English executed many clan chiefs and outlawed kilts and bagpipes. These restrictions were removed in 1782.
- 16 Apr 1746—16 Apr 1746: Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by
the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to
Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
- 4 1746—16 Apr 1746: Battle of Culloden
16th April - last battle fought in Britain - 5000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
|
| 362 | 1747 | - 1747—1747: Act for Pacification of the Highlands
- 1747—1747: Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
- 1747—1747: Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
Act of Pacification of the Highlands
|
| 363 | 1748 | - 1748—1756: Couontess Huntington's (Calvanistic) Methodist Connexion founded
- 1748—1748: Treaty of Aix-de-Chapelle ends French-British war
returns Louisbourg to France
|
| 364 | 1749 | - 1749—1749: Founding of Halifax
The English found Halifax and bring 2,576 English settlers to populate and settle the land.
- 1749—1749: Britain founds Halifax
2,576 English settlers brought to Halifax to counter French presence at Louisbourg
- 27 Apr 1749—27 Apr 1749: First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park,
London)
- 8 1749—15 Aug 1749: Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties
N.S. Gov. Cornwallis and Malecites sign treaty
|
| 365 | 1750 | - 1750—1805: Neo-Classical Period (Art and Antiques)
- 1750—1770: Gothic Revival Period (Art and Antiques)
- Feb 1750—Feb 1750: Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with
predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)
- 16 Nov 1750—16 Nov 1750: Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
|
| 366 | 1751 | - Mar 1751—Mar 1751: Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed - royal assent to the bill was given on 22
May 1751 - decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his
|
| 367 | 1752 | - 1752—1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor
- 1752—1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted
in England (3rd September) - making this September 14th - "Give us back our 11 days!"{\n}Year standard to end 31st December (previously March 24)
- 1752—1752: Census of Ile St-Jean
Sieur de la Rocque census of Prince Edward Island
- 1752—1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightening rod
- 1 Jan 1752—1 Jan 1752: Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year
in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as
1582]
- 3 Sep 1752—3 Sep 1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and
Scotland, making this Sep 14
- 11 1752—22 Nov 1752: Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties
N.S. Gov. Cornwallis and Micmac sign treaty
- 3 1752—23 Mar 1752: First newspaper printed in Canada
The Halifax Gazette begins publication
|
1632 - 1686 (54 years)