Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondenc

First passenger Train

Thomas Jefferson

First Barbary War

First Census

Thomas Jefferson

Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London

Grand Union Canal opens in England

Tripolitan War

Barbary Wars

Union Jack becomes the official British flag

Indiana Territory Organized

Parliamentary Union

Volta makes first electrical battery

Herschel discovers infra-red light

High pressure steam

Royal College of Surgeons founded

First Electric Light

Count Alessandro Volta invents the battery

Frenchmen, J.M. Jacquard invents the Jacquard Loom

?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics

'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations

Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure

Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York

Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain

9th January - Pitt brings in 10% income tax

Alessandro Volta invents the battery

Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making

Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)

Mississippi Territory Organized

The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)

Franco-American War

First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner

Franco-American Naval War

Feb-Oct The Irish Rebellion, -

Marriage Act

Prince Edward Island created

Aloys Senefelder invents lithography

The first soft drink invented

John Adams

John Adams

First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England

French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later

England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments

Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore

Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications

The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press

England in Crisis

A British inventor, Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe

Wittemore patents a carding machine

Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England

Tennessee

Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate

Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents

Holden's Triennial Directory published

Town of York (Toronto) becomes capital of Upper Canada

Edward Jenner creates a smallpox vaccination

11th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The Famine Year

Foundation of the Orange Order

Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleo

Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.

Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy

The Famine Year

Francois Appert invents the preserving jar for food

The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was theref

11th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Abolition of Parish Register duties

Abolition of Parish Register duties

Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin

Welshmen, Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings

Upper Canada's Abolition Act PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England

Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)

11th February - England declares war on France (1793-1802)

Alexander MacKenzie crosses Canada by land

District of Columbia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia

Introduction of Money Orders in Britain

Rhode Island PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Rhode Island ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Tennessee Territory Organized

Kentucky

Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot

Boyle's Street Directory published

Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel

Repression in Britian (restrictions on freedom of the press)

George Vancouver exploration

William Murdoch invents gas lighting

The first ambulance

First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper

Constitutional Act PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

George Washington

Vermont PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Bill of Rights adopted PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

27th Amendment originally proposed PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain

John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')

Sugar prices rise steeply

John Barber invents the gas turbine

Early bicycles invented in Scotland

North Carolina PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

North Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Maryland PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Maryland ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

New York PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Virginia ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Virginia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland

Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland

The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton

New York ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

South Carolina PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

South Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

MacKenzie River exploration

New Hampshire PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

New Hampshire ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

United States Constitution in effect PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

George Washington

Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island

New Constitution sent to for ratification PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

14th June - The French Revolution begins - storming of the Bastille

UE (Unity of Empire) designation created for Loyalists

The guillotine is invented

Connecticut PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Connecticut ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

New Jersey PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

New Jersey ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Massachusetts PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Massachusetts ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Georgia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Georgia ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip

Ohio Territory Organized

Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales

Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced)

First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships

First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland

26th January, First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New Soputh Wales

The Scarce Year

The abolition of the "stavnsbaand" (compulsory residence by the peasant and farming classes.)

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania ratified U.S. Constitution

Delaware

Delaware ratified U.S. Constitution

MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London

Earliest known Swedenborgian (Church of the New Jerusalem or Jerusalemite) registers

The first population census of genealogical value was taken

John Fitch invents a steamboat

Cape Breton Island created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

New Brunswick created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Loyalist migration from New York PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)

Northwest Indian War

Acadians sail from France to Louisiana

Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)

Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance

Blanchard invents a working parachute

Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom

Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching

John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)

First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)

Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle

First golf club founded at St Andrews

Wesley breaks with the Church of England

Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics

Pitt's India Act -

Grand River Reserve created

Mass migration of Loyalists

Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine

Joseph Bramah invents the safety lock

Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)

Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)

Treaty of Versailles

Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries!

Duty on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794)

Eastern Canada - U.S.A. border established

Englishmen, Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production

Louis Sebastien demonstrates the first parachute

Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier invent the hot-air balloon

Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock

James Watt patents his steam engine

Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns

Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief -

Massive Loyalist migration from U.S. begins

First UEL settlers in Niagara

Treaty signed with Micmac to protect British settlers PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread

First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)

About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager

Fountain pen invented

The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books

Male Servants Tax

4th May First Derby run at Epsom

Benjamin Franklin invents bi-focal eyeglasses

Gervinus invents the circular saw

Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head

Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii

First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland

First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson

Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent

Crompton's mule invented (Textile production)

Industrial Revolution begins to affect Scotland.

Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule

Captain James Cook explores West Coast

Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.

First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair ma

American Revolution (War of Independence)

American Declaration of Independence

American forces invade PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First United Empire Loyalists arrive

Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population

Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine

Acadians fight in the Eddy Rebellion

American Declaration of Independence (July 4th)

North West Company formed

David Bushnell invents a submarine

Québec Act PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)

American Revolutionary War

Battle of Lexington

American Revolution

Alexander Cummings invents the flush toilet

Jacques Perrier invents a steamship

Cook arrives on Easter Island

Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph

Census of Acadians in France

East India Company governs Hindustan

Boston Tea Party (16 December)

Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England

Morning Post' first published (until 1937)

First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company

Jundge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery (14th May)

Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England

Samuel Hearne reaches the Arctic via land travel

Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain

Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications

Hargreave's jenny invented (textile production)

David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon

Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand

Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)

Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)

Ile St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) separated

James Watt invents an improved steam engine

The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie

Philip Astley starts his circus in London

Richard Arkwright patents the spinning frame

Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt

First Iron railroads built for mines by John Wilkinson

Census of Nova Scotia

Joseph Priestley invents carbonated water - soda water

Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie

Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK

Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)

The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe

First Acadians settle in Louisiana

Stamp Act passed

Indian treaties transferring land to Britain

Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight

James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)

Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared

Practice of numbering houses introduced to London

Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared

James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny

Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language

Treaty of Paris

POST-DEPORTATION PERIOD

Treaty of Paris

Treaty of Paris

George III

Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba

Earliest Unitarian registers

Treaty signed to end war PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

British capture Pondicherry, India from the French

Englishmen, John Harrison invents the navigational clock or marine chronometer for measuring longitude

George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called first Industrial Revolution'

Peace treaties between Micmac and British

British capture Quebec PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First use of hangman's drop

Battle of the Plains of Abraham PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland

King George III

George II dies (25th October)

Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton's) completed

British Museum opens to the public in London

Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels

British Museum opens to the public in London (15th Jan)

Cherokee War

India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade

Deportation of the Acadians at Ile Ste Jean (PEI)

Acadians on Ile Royale/Cape Breton are deported to France

India stops being merely a commercial venture

Acadian deportation

British capture Fort Louisburg

Dolland invents a chromatic lens

The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of Plassey (Palashi, June 23) - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive

Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca

The foundation laid for the Empire of India

India - The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British -

John Campbell invents the sextant

Black Hole of Calcutta - 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British sources

The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins

The Seven Year War with France (Pitt's trade was) begins

French and Indian War

Europe's Seven Years' War - North America's French-Indian war

Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire

Deportation of the Acadian population

Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)

Publication of Dictionary of the English Language' by Dr Samuel Johnson

DEPORTATION PERIOD

Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr, Johnson

Postal Service established

The Great Expulsion

Samuel Johnson publishes the first English language dictionary

First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India

In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one

Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt

The French and Indian War

Hardwicke Act (1753

French and Indian War

First newspaper printed in Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Publication of ?Species Plantarum' by Linnaeus and the formal start date of plant taxonomy

Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum

Earliest Inghamite registers

French defeat George Washington's military campaign

Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this Sep 14

Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor

Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted

Census of Ile St-Jean

Benjamin Franklin invents the lightening rod

Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as 1582]

Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed - royal assent to the bill was given on 22 May 1751 - decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his

Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)

Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)

Neo-Classical Period (Art and Antiques)

Gothic Revival Period (Art and Antiques)

First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park, London)

Founding of Halifax

Britain founds Halifax

Couontess Huntington's (Calvanistic) Methodist Connexion founded

Treaty of Aix-de-Chapelle ends French-British war

Battle of Culloden PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Act for Pacification of the Highlands

Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland

Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland

Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited

English defeat the forces of Charles Edward Stuart in the Battle of Culloden.

Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby

Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')

Jacobite rebellion in Scotland (The Forty-Five)

Louisbourg taken from France

Scots support James' son Charles Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.

E.G. von Kleist invents the leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor

France declares war against England PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Great Britain declares war against France PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance

Church of Scotland split over taking of Burgess' Oath

King George's War

War of the Austrian Succession (King George's War)

(June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle

England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade

England goes to war with Spain -

16th June Battle of Dettingen - last time British soveriegn (George II) led troops into battle

Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers

Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodist or Inghamites

War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain

Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York

Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival

Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival

Last French-rule census

John Wesley has his conversion experience

Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers

Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)

Kent's Directory published

Kent's Directory

John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry

Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years

Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax

Excise crisis; Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine

John Kay invents the flying shuttle

Covent Garden Opera House opens

Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls

Invention of sextant by John Hadley

Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]

Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull

Irish famine

Rococo Period (Art and Antiques)

Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar

Methodists begin in Oxford

George II

George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king

Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland

Board of Manufactoring established in Scotland

King George II

Indian Treaties Signed PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison

First circulating library opened in Edinburgh

First circulating library opened in Edinburgh

Treaty of Hanover: France, Prussia, England v. Spain, Austria

Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)

Rapid growth of gin drinking in England

Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer

The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse

The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827

Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate

Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate

Drummer's War

Knatchbull's Act, poor laws

Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland

Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland

French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher

Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)

Robert Walpole (whig) becaomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)

Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England

Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth

South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes control of National Debt

The French begin construction of the fortress at Louisbourg

Irish Famine

South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Esxchange Alley

Third abortive Jacobite rising

Third abortive Jacobite rising

First Masonic Lodge opens in London

Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings

First Masonic Lodge opens in London

Edmond Halley invents the diving bell

Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair

The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)

The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption -

Census of Acadia

Riot Act passed

Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')

Riot Act passed

Scots support James Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.

Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).

George I

Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism

Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England

Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).

1st August - Queen Anne Stuart died - George I Hanover becomes king

King George I

Census of Acadia

By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London

Treaty of Utrecht

Treaty of Utrecht concludes the Was of the Spanish Succession

Nova Scotia created

Treaty of Utrecht

British Fleet runs aground on Ile-aux-Oeufs PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans

Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)

Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)

Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1835)

Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine

First race meeting at Ascot

Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London

Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London

Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork

Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced

Port-Royal falls to the British

Tax on Apprentice Indentures

Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe

Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain

First Copyright Act pass

Second Eddystone lighthouse completed

First Copyright Act passed

Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano

Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls

First Jacobite rising in Scotland

Queen Anne's war breaks out

First Jacobite rising in Scotland

Census of Acadia

English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time

Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March

1st January - Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading pri

Census of Acadia

The Act of Union is formed between Scotland and England, creating Great Britain.

First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London

Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)

First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711)

First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newman

Battle of Blenheim

Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military

Newfoundland census

Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)

British take Gibraltar

Eighth Acadian census

Repeal of Duties on entries in Parish Registers

Census of Acadia

Anne

First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)

Anne Stuart becomes Queen

8th March - Anne Stuart becomes Queen

Queen Anne

Queen Ann Period (Art & Antiques)

Queen Anne's War

War of Spanish Succession

After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London

Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne

Founding of Petitcodiac

Act of Parliament bars Catholice from the British throne

Census of Acadia

Jethro Tull invents the seed drill

Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million

Census of Acadia

Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier

Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire

Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery

Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama

Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years

Invention of steam engine by Captain Thomas Savery

Census of Acadia

Englishmen, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump

Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral

Treaty of Ryswick

2nd December - Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral

William III

Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses

Freedom of Press in England granted

Bank of Scotland founded

Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706)

Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'

Freedom of the Press

Census of Acadia

Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)

National Debt came into effect in England

Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland

Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler

Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years

Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)

National Deb came into effect in England

Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane

Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne

Census of Acadia

Newfoundland census

The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald

Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Ta

French intention to invade England came to nothing

The Massacre of Glencoe

French intention to invade England came to naught

Earliest date in known German Lutheran registers

Newfoundland census

England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II

William III and Mary II

The British capture Port-Royal

Great Synagogue founded

Port-Royal captured

The Presbyterian Church is permanently restored and becomes the Church of Scotland.

Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or wage war

Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland - Jacobites defeated Government troops but at high cost

Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists

Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690)

William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)

Devonport naval dockyard established

King William III and Queen Mary II

Deposed James VII and II flees to Ireland

King William's War

French - Five Nations Indian war

Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)

William of Orange lands at Torbay

The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates

Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens - later became Lloyd's of London

British Army raised to 40,000

Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament

Hearth Tax abolished

Mutiny Act

February: Edward Lloyds Coffee House - later became Lloyd's of London

Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' - written in Latin

James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics and non-conformists

St-Charles des Mines Church is built at Grand-Pré

Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs

Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs

Census of Acadia

James II

James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men

Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland

Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported

Earl of Argyll's invasion of Scotland

King James II

Presbyterian settlement in Stuart's Town in South Carolina

Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain

Wild boar become extinct in Britain

6th June: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum on Britain

Founding of Grand-Pré

Pennsylvania founded by William Penn

Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland

Halley observes the comet which bears his name

Pennsylvania founded by William Penn

Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament

Oil lighting first used in London streets

Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament

William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post

Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting

William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post

Chinoiserie Period (Art and Antiques)

Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to time)

Tories first so named

27th May: Haveas Corpus Act became law in England

Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker

Extension of Test Act to peers

Extension of Test Act to peers

The first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britiannica" published -

Census of Acadia

Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published

Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published

Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes

Robert Hooke invents the universal joint

Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started

King Philip's War

John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England

Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury

Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710)

Beginning of Whig Party under Shaftsbury

Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch

Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern coast of North America) to Britain

First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office

First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office

First European settlement in Great Lakes Region

Founding of Beaubassin

High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland

War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men

High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland

Comte de Frontenac governs New France

Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels

First Acadian Census

Census of Acadia

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine

King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover

Hudson's Bay Company formed

Treaty of Breda

Earliest Synagogue registers - Bevis Marks

Dom Pérignon invents Champagne

The first reference to a candy cane is made

Last entry in Pepys's diary

Earliest Lutheran registers survive from this year

British East India Company obtains control of Bombay

Newton constructs reflecting telescope

Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope

Treaty of Breda

Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)

Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester

Newton formulated Laws of Gravity

2nd to 6th September; Great Fire of London,

Considerable religious unrest on Scotland (The Covenanteers)

First New World Census

The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United Kingdom

Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000

Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain

Great Plague of London

Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col. Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York

Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common Pray

Earliest Roman Cathilic registers

Great Québec earthquake

Québec becomes a crown colony (royal province) of France

James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope

Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established - E

'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)

Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)

Tea introduced to Britain

Hearth Tax

Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!

Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland

Board of Trade founded in London

Hand-struck postage stamps first used

Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office

Persectution of Non-Conformists in England

First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)

Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society

Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn

Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened

Charles II

Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed

Provincial Probate Courts re-established

Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom

Composition of light discovered by Newton

Honourable East India Company founded by British

1st January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary

Quaker-Scottish colony was established in East New Jersey

King Charles II

Restoration Period

Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region

Samuel Pepys starts his diary

Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn

Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK

6th February - date of first known cheque to be drawn

Lake Superior explored

Death of Oliver Cromwell

Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector

Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)

Death of Oliver Cromwell

Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector

Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]

A few Jews permitted to settle in England

Post Office established by Act of Parliament (others say 1660)

Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock

Fort Port-Royal is captured by the British

Fort Port-Royal captured by the British

Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament

Commonwealth registers start

Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land

Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London

Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London

Commonwealther registers start

Battle of Worcester

The second English Civil War (1651-1652)

Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America

The second English Civil War

Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector

Coffee brought to England about this time

George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers)

Otto von Guericke invents a air pump

Theatres banned by Cromwell

Christmas banned by Cromwell

Commonwealth declared

King Charles I executed

'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial

Cromwell's Irish campaign starts

King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland

30th June: King Charles I executed

Commonwealth period - Oliver Cromwell

Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox

First practical thermometers made

Earliest Baptist registers survive from this year

Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford

Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark

20th June: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford

Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces

Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland

Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia - population of Scotland estimated at 420,000

Plague made its last appearance in Scotland

Battle of Philipburgh in Scotland

PRE-DEPORTATION PERIOD

Renaissance Period - Art and Antiques

Baroque Period (Art and Antiques)

Charles I

King Charles I

Carolean Age

Colonial State Papers published

Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury