Notes
Matches 151 to 200 of 1,138
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| 151 | Domhnall Mac Murchada (born c. 700, died 20 November 763), called Domna l l M i d i ( Donald of Meath), was High King of Ireland. He belonged to the C l a n n C h olmáin branch of the Uí Néill. Clann Cholmáin's pre-eminence amo n g t h e s o uthern Uí Néill, which would last until the rise of Brian Bóru m a a n d t h e end of the Uí Néill dominance in Ireland, dates from his lif e t i m e . Domnall was chief of Clann Cholmáin for almost fifty years, and High Ki n g o f I r e land for twenty. In spite of this, and his importance as a dyn a s t, t h e I rish annals contain relatively few reports of his activities. H e w a s a p a t ron of the Columban churches, particularly Durrow Abbey, whe re h e i s b u r ied. | Mac Murchada, High King of Ireland Domhnall (I9623)
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| 152 | Domnall Mór Ua Briain, or Domnall Mór mac Toirrdelbaig Uí Briain, was K i n g o f T h omond in Ireland from 1168 to 1194 and a claimant to the title K i n g o f M u nster. He was also styled King of Limerick, a title belonging t o t h e O ' B rien dynasty since Brian Boru's sacking of the Hiberno-Norse c it y s t a t e after the Battle of Sulcoit in the 10th century. Domnall Mór ("Donall the Great") was the third son of Toirdhealbhach ma c D i a r m ada Ua Briain, King of Munster, who reigned from 1142 to 1167. H e a s c e n ded to the throne in 1168 after the death of his eldest brother, M u i r c h ertach, who had succeeded their father as king. Muirchertach was k i l l e d a t the instigation of his cousin Conchobar mac Muirchertach Ua Br i a i n . H is other brother Brian of Slieve Bloom was blinded in 1169. The s a m e y e a r, Domnall entered into conflict with the High King of Ireland, R u a i d r í Ua Conchobair and was forced to pay him a tribute of 300 cows. | Mor Mac Turlough O'Brien, King Of Limerick Donnel (I7391)
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| 153 | Donnchad mac Domnaill (733 - 6 February 797), called Donnchad Midi, was H i g h K i n g of Ireland. His father, Domnall Midi, had been the first Uí Né i l l H i g h King from the south-central Clann Cholmáin based in modern Cou n t y W e s tmeath and western County Meath, Ireland. The reigns of Domnall a n d h i s s u ccessor, Niall Frossach of the Cenél nEógain, had been relativ e l y p e a ceful, but Donnchad's rule saw a return to a more expansionist p o l i c y d irected against Leinster, traditional target of the Uí Néill, an d a l s o , f or the first time, the great southern kingdom of Munster. Donnchad continued his father's support for the Columban churches, led b y I o n a . I n his many wars he used the churches, particularly the Columba n m o n a s tery of Durrow, as a source of support. He also ruthlessly attac ke d a n d p l undered churches that supported his rivals among the Uí Néill a n d a l s o t hose of Leinster and Munster. Donnchad was remembered, not alw a y s f o n dly, as a warrior king. He firmly established Clann Cholmáin's d o m i n a nce among the Uí Néill kindreds of the midlands. His descendants s h a r e d i n the High Kingship until the time of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnail l , t h e l a st traditional High King of Ireland. Origins and background Donnchad was a son of Domnall Midi and Domnall's only known wife, Ailbí n e i n g e n Ailello of Ard Ciannacht, a minor kingdom of the coast north o f t h e R i v er Boyne. Domnall was reckoned High King of Ireland from 743, w h e n h e d e feated and killed Áed Allán of the northern Cenél nEógain bran c h o f t h e U í Néill, until his death on 20 November 763. | mac Domnaill, Donnchad Midi (I9720)
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| 154 | Donnchadh benefited from the introduction of feudal primogeniture as a c u s t o m , as it enabled him and his kin to exclude the descendants of Gill e C r e s t , whose contemporary leader was Thomas de Lundin, from the succe ss i o n . P erhaps in gratitude, he named his oldest son William after King W i l l i a m I, the probable source of the innovation in Mar's inheritance cu s t o m . ===Earl of Mar=== Duncan, 4th Earl of Mar [3rd Earl was elder brother Gilchrist], which d i g n i t y he held by 29 Aug 1228, though his right to it was challenged at s o m e p o i nt prior to 1231; witness to the Anglo Scottish agreement sealed a u t u m n 1 237. Burke's Peerage ===1244 Death=== He died before February 07, 1244 in Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He w a s b u r i ed in the Cathedral Church of St Machar in Aberdeen See also: *http://www.celtic-casimir.com/webtree/13/24060.htm *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan,_4th_Earl_of_Mar | Mar, 4th Earl of Mar Donnchadh (I9861)
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| 155 | Donnchadh mac Briain (old spelling: Donnchad mac Briain) (died 1064), s o n o f B r i an Bóruma and Gormflaith ingen Murchada, was King of Munster. Regional overkingdoms and major kingdoms in Ireland, circa 1014 AD | O'Brien, High King Of Ireland Donnchad (I7301)
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| 156 | Drummond, ninth successive knight of his family, was the eldest son of S i r M a l c olm Drummond of Cargill and Stobhall, Perthshire, by his marriag e w i t h M a riota, eldest daughter of Sir David Murray of Tullibardine in t h e s a m e c ounty. He sat in parlliament 6 May 1471, under the designation o f L o r d o f S tobhall. On 20 March 1473-4 he had a charter of the offices o f s e n e s chal and coroner of the earldom of Strathearn, in which he was c on f i r m ed in the succeeding reign. In 1483 he was one of the ambassador s t o t r e a t with the English King, with a safe-conduct (passport) grante d 2 9 N o v e mber of that year; again, on 6 August 1484, to treat of the ma rr ia g e o f J ames, Prince of Scotland, and Anne de la Pole, niece of Rich a r d I I I . He was a commissioner for settling border differences nominat e d b y t h e t reaty of Nottingham, 22 September 1484 ; his safe-conduct in t o E n g l and being dated on the ensuing 29 November. | Drummond Of Stobshall, 1st Lord Of Stobshall John (I8169)
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| 157 | Duchess of Aquitaine - She succeeded to the Duchy of Aquitaine followin g t h e d e a th of her father in 1137. Her guardian, Louis VI, King of Fran ce , q u i c kly married her to his son, the future Louis VII, in order to b r in g t h e d uchy to the direct control of the kings of France. Queen consort of France - Following the death of Louis VI, she and her h u s b a n d were crowned King and Queen of the Franks on Christmas Day 1137. S h e h e l d t his title until her marriage was annulled in 1152. Her second husband, Henry II of England, succeeded to the throne of Eng l a n d o n 2 5 October 1152. He and Eleanor were crowned King and Queen of E n g l a n d on 19 December 1154. Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the most powerful and fascinati n g p e r s onalities of feudal Europe. At age 15 she married LouisVII, King o f F r a n c e, bringing into the union her vast possessions fromthe River Lo ir e t o t h e P yrenees. Only a few years later, at age 19, she knelt in th e c a t h e dral of VAelay before the celebrated Abby Bernard of Clairvaux o ff e r i n g him thousands of her vassals for the Second Crusade. It was sai d t h a t Q u een Eleanor appeared at VAelay dressed like an Amazon gallopin g t h r o u gh the crowds on a white horse, urging them to join the crusades . W h i l e t he church may have been pleased to receive her thousand fighti ng v a s s a ls, they were less happy when they learned that Eleanor, attend edb y 3 0 0 o f h er ladies, also planned to go to help "tend the wounded." T h e p r e s ence of Eleanor, her ladies and wagons of female servants, was c r i t i c ized by commentators throughout her adventure. Dressed in armor an d c a r r y ing lances, the women never fought. And when they reached the ci ty o f A n t i och, Eleanor found herself deep in a renewed friendship with R ay mo n d , h er uncle, who had been appointed prince of the city. Raymond, o n l y a f e w y ears older than Eleanor, was far more interesting and handso m e t h a n E leanor's husband, Louis. When Raymond decided that the best st r a t e g ic objective of the Crusade would be to recapture Edessa, thus pro t e c t i ng the Western presence in the Holy Land, Eleanor sided with his v i e w . L o u is, however, was fixated on reaching Jerusalem ,a less sound g o a l. L o u is demanded that Eleanor follow him to Jerusalem. Eleanor, fu r i ou s , a nnounced to one and all that their marriage was not valid in th e e y e s o f G od, for they were related through some family connections to a n e x t e n t prohibited by the Church. | D'Aquitaine, Queen Of France And England Eleonore (I25)
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| 158 | Duke of Swabia, King of Germany; King of Italy; King of Burgundy; Holy R o m a n E m peror. He spent his life antagonizing the papacy. He's forever a s s o c i ated with anti-pope Victor IV. Norwich, John Julius (2011). Absolute Monarchs: A History of th e Papac y . R a n d om House. Epub. When he died... somehow drowning, trying to lead troops for the Third C r u s a d e, his men had trouble getting his body back home. It started to m e l t . N e edless to say... he never made it back and his parts are scatte r e d i n t h ree. ==Barbarrossa Sacks Rome== Excerpt from Absolute Monarchs: : "St. Peter's itself, ringed with strongpoints and hastily dug trenche s . F o r e i ght more days it held out; it was only when the besiegers set f i r e t o t h e forecourt, destroying the great portico so lovingly restored b y I n n o c ent II and finally hacking down the huge portals of the basilica i t s e l f , that the defending garrison surrendered. Never had there been su c h a d e s e cration of the holiest shrine in Europe. Even in the ninth cen t ury , t h e S aracen pirates had contented themselves with tearing the sil v e r p a n els from the doors; they had never penetrated the building. This t i m e , a c cording to a contemporary-Otto of St. Blaise-the Germans left th e m a r b l e pavements of the nave strewn with dead and dying, the high alt ar i t s e l f stained with blood. And this time the outrage was the work no t o f i n f i del barbarians but of the emperor of Western Christendom. : St. Peter's fell on July 29, 1167. On the following day, at that same h i g h a l t ar, the Antipope Paschal celebrated Mass and then invested Frede r i c k - whom Pope Hadrian had crowned twelve years before-with the golden c i r c l e t of the Roman Patricricius-a deliberate gesture of defiance to th e S e n a t e and People of Rome. Two days later still, he officiated at the i m p e r i al coronation of the Empress Beatrice, her husband standing at her s i d e . P o pe Alexander had no alternative; disguised as a simple pilgrim, h e s l i p p ed out of the city and made his way to the coast, where he was d is c o v e red-fortunately by friends-three days later, sitting on the beach a n d w a i t ing for a ship. He was rescued and taken to safety in Benevento. " | Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick (I7443)
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| 159 | Duncan, a grandson by a junior line of Fergus, the Celtic ruler of Gall o w a y , w as recognised by King William (The Lion) of Scots as overlord of t h e a r e a o f Galloway known as Carrick and made Earl of thereof by 1196. H i s g r a n ddaughter Margaret was Countess of Carrick in her own right but w h e n s h e m arried Robert de Bruce he became Earl of Carrick in right of h i s w i f e . It was his son, another Robert, who was the celebrated Robert " T h e B r u ce" and became King of Scots in 1306. From this moment on the Ea r l d o m o f Carrick became increasingly closely connected with the royal h o u s e . I ndeed in 1469 an Act of the Scottish Parliament ruled that it sh o u l d b e e vermore annexed to the eldest sons of the Kings of Scots, and i t r e m a i ns to this day one of the Scottish titles of the Prince of Wales . ( B u r k e's Peerage) | Carrick, 1st Earl Of Carrick Duncan (I7152)
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| 160 | Duncuan Baccach, son of Gillacaemghin; who in 1075 slew Doncadh and Gil l a c a e mghin, sons of Angaire Ua Lorcain, of the Ui Doncadh. In 1076 his p e o p l e w ere slain by the Ui Lorcain, and sixty-three of their heads were c a r r i e d to a hill south of Castle Dermot. | O. Tuathail, Donncuan Mac Gilla Coemgin (I7255)
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| 161 | Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig (died 869) was a King of Leinster of the Uí Muir e d a i g s ept of the Uí Dúnlainge branch of the Laigin. This sept had thei r r o y a l s eat at Maistiu (Mullaghmast) in South Kildare. He was the son o f M u i r e dach mac Brain (died 818), a previous king. He ruled from 863 t o 8 6 9 . There is much confusion in the king lists during this period for Leinst e r . B e t ween 838 and 871 the title King of Leinster is not recorded in t h e A n n a ls of Ulster. The death of Dúnlaing is not recorded in this anna l b u t i s r e corded in other annals.[2] Francis John Byrne suggests that t h e r o o t o f this apparent confusion lay in the fact that the Uí Dúnlaing e k i n g s e xercised little real authority due to the aggressions of their w e s t e r n neighbour Cerball mac Dúnlainge (died 888), King of Osraige. Cer b a l l , w hile unable to install himself as king of Leinster, was able to p r e v e n t any rival king exercising real power there. In 868 the annals record that the Laigin participated with the Uí Néill o f B r e g a a nd Norse at the Battle of Cell Ua nDaigri on the Boyne estuary . T h e y w e re defeated by the high king Áed Findliath (died 879) | Muiredaig, Dúnlaing mac (I9726)
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| 162 | Dyffryn Clwyd was a cantref of Medieval Wales and from 1282 a marcher l o r d s h ip. In 1536, it became part of the new county of Denbighshire. The n a m e m e a ns Vale of Clwyd in English and is still the name for that regio n o f n o r t h Wales in modern Welsh. Dyffryn Clwyd was one of the cantrefi o f P e r f e ddwlad, and itself was made up of three commotes, Colion, Dogfei li n g a n d L lannerch | ap Morien, Lord of Duffryn Clwyd Einudd (I9646)
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| 163 | Ealhmund was King of Kent in 784. He is reputed to be the father of Kin g E g b e r t who was King of Wessex and, later, King of Kent. Asser's The L if e o f K i n g Alfred identifies him as the son of Eafa. He is not known to have struck any coins, and the only contemporary evi d e n c e o f him is an abstract of a charter dated 784, in which Ealhmund g r a n t e d land to the Abbot of Reculver. In this charter he is identified a s E a l m u ndus rex Canciæ. By the following year Offa of Mercia seems to h av e b e e n r uling directly, as he issued a charter without any mention of a l o c a l k i ng. | Wessex, King of Kent Ealhmund (I9637)
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| 164 | Eardwulf's background is obscure; his father may also have been named E a r d w u lf and may have been one of the two Eardwulfs whose deaths are rec o r d e d b y Symeon of Durham in 774 and 775. Symeon of Durham's ''His t o r y o f t he Kings'' quoted in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eardwulf_ o f _ N o rthumbria Wikipedia : Eardwulf of Northumbria] Eardwulf became king of Northumbria on 14th May 796. The Anglo-Saxon C h r o n i cle records that he was consecrated King by Eanbald I, Archbishop o f Y o r k , a nd Bishops Athelberht, Beadwulf and Hygebald, at York Minster o n 2 6 M a y 7 9 6. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eardwulf_of_Northumbria Wikipedia : Eard w u l f o f N orthumbria] | of Northumbria, King of Northumbria Eardwulf (I9847)
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| 165 | Earl of Crawford. Early history: The title descended to the first E a r l ' s d escendants without much incident, until the death of David Linds a y , 8 t h E arl of Crawford in 1542. The eighth Earl had a son, Alexander, c o m m o n ly called the Wicked Master, who frequently quarreled with his fat h e r a n d e ven tried to murder him. The Wicked Master was sentenced to de a t h f o r h is crime, and the eighth Earl conveyed his title to a cousin, a l s o c a l led David Lindsay, a descendant of the third Earl of Crawford, a n d e x c l uded from the succession all of the Wicked Master's descendants. H o w e v e r, the ninth earl, although he had his own sons, named the Wicked M a s t e r 's son David as his heir; thus, in 1558, at the ninth Earl's death , t h e e a r l d o m r eturned to the main branch of the family. David Lind sa y , 1 0 t h Earl of Crawford (d. 1574) Source: Wikipedia, Earl of Crawfor d . | Stewart, 1st Lord Beath James (I4448)
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| 166 | Early in the 12th Century, Stanton was given by Henry I to his secon d w i f e , Q u een Adeliza (or Adela). A large part of it she presented to a ki n s w o m en, Millicent de Camville. From the latter it was inherited in 119 1 b y I s a b el de Camville, and thus passed to her husband Richard de Harc ou rt , f r o m whom it has come down through the Harcourt family to the pre s e nt d a y a nd from which circumstance the Manor and the village itself b e c a m e k nown as Stanton Harcourt. Queen Adeliza also gave land at Stanto n t o R e a d ing Abbey, which remained patron of the parish church fill the D i s s o l ution of the Monasteries. A close relationship with St Michael's C h u r c h h as been maintained by the Harcourts, and it contains the chapel u n d e r w h ich members of the family have been buried since the 15th centur y . | Rethel, Millicent (I7976)
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| 167 | Edith of England, also spelt Eadgyth or Ædgyth (Old English: Ēadgȳð, Ge r m a n: Edgitha; 910-946), a member of the House of Wessex, was a German q u e e n from 936, by her marriage to King Otto I. Life Edith was born to the reigning English king Edward the Elder by his sec o n d w ife, Ælfflæd, and hence was a granddaughter of King Alfred the Gre a t . S he had an older sister, Eadgifu. She apparently spent her early ye a r s n ear Winchester in Wessex, moving about frequently with the court,[ 2 ] a n d may have spent her later youth, with her mother, living for a ti m e a t a m onastery.[3] | Wessex, Eadgifu (I5008)
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| 168 | Edmund and Bennett's son John was active in civic affairs and is freque n t l y m e ntioned in public records. He served as a soldier, first as Lieu t e n a n t, then as Captain, and later as Major and took an active part in t h e I n d i an Wars. He was a major in the expedition against Indians at Sac o n e t i n 1 677. He served as a member Council of War from 1667-76. He ser v e d a s c a ptain in the fight against Indians at Taunton in 1675. He was a m a j o r o f B arnstable Troop in 1685 and Deputy at Eastham for eight years. H e s e r v e d as a selectman for ten years starting in 1663. John was assist an t i n t h e G overnment in 1666. On 7th Dec. 1692, he was appointed to th e B e n c h o f the Court of Common Pleas. For many years he was a Deacon of t h e E a s t ham Church. | Freeman, Major John (I22)
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| 169 | Edmund Crouchback was born 16 January 1245, and was the second survivin g s o n o f K i ng Henry III of England of the House of Plantagenet and Quee n E l e a n or of Provence (Eleanore Berenger). He was a younger brother of E d w a r d I o f England, Margaret of England, and Beatrice of England, and a n o l d e r b rother of Katherine of England. In his childhood he had a claim on the Kingdom of Sicily, but he never r u l e d t h ere. In 1255 (at the age of 10) he was invested ruler of the Ki n g d o m o f Sicily and Apulia by the Bishop of Romania, on behalf of Pope I n n o c e nt IV. In return his father undertook to pay the papacy 135,541 m a r k s a n d fight a war to dislodge Manfred of Sicily from the kingdom. Up o n I n n o cent's death, Pope Alexander IV confirmed Edmund's grant of Sici l y . H e n ry's barons refused to contribute to what they called the " Sici l i a n b u siness" and ultimately Henry was only able to pay 60,000 marks. S t e p h e n Runciman says the grant of the kingdom was revoked by Pope Alexa n d e r I V o n 18 December 1258; Edmund renounced his claim to the crown o f S i c i l y. At about the same time Edmund was granted Sicily, he was made Earl of C h e s t e r. In 1263, the Earldom of Chester was transferred to his elder br o t h e r E dward, who required the palatinate income. | Plantagenet, 1st Earl Of Lancaster And Leicester Edmund (I35)
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| 170 | Edmund de Stafford, who, having distinguished himself in the Scottish w a r s , w a s summoned to parliament as a Baron, by King Edward I, from 6 Fe b r u a r y, 1299, to 26 August, 1308, the year of his decease. | De Stafford, Baron Stafford Edmund (I1656)
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| 171 | Edmund of Woodstock , Earl of Kent, was condemned to death by the award o f t h e m a g nates in the said Parliament 19 March 1329/30, and was beheade d t h e s a m e day outside the gates of Winchester Castle, Hampshire. | Woodstock, 1st Earl Of Kent Edmund (I8014)
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| 172 | EDWARD FRISBYE (so spelled in his will), was one of the earliest settle r s o f t h e t own of Branford (originally Totoket) in the colony of New Ha v e n, w h e re he is said to have married in 1644, and is on record as havi n g e n t e red his name for land December 15, 1645. No record of his birth h a s b e e n f ound; he died in Branford May 10, 1690. His place of birth, th e n a m e s o f his parents, and whence he came to New England are also unkn ow n . … . . a R i chard Frisbie, who arrived in the Jonathan in 1661, a ge d t h i rty-f o ur, and appears in the Virginia musters in the retinue of Se rg e a nt W i lliam Barry, and Elizabeth Frisby, who came to Virginia in the S a f e t y i n 1635. It is possible, however, not to say probable, that Edwar d F r i s b ye, of Branford, was a son of this Richard Frisbie, born on ship bo a r d o r a fter his parents reached Virginia, and that in his early manh o o d h e m a de his way with others to the colony of New Haven. … It is be l i e v e d that he was married at least twice, perhaps three times. … Hann a h , i n 1 6 4 4, Abigail Culpepper, and Frances England, daughter of Jonat h an E n g l and. The fact that he mentions no wife in his will, would indic a te t h a t n one was living when the will was made, in 1689. Of his life i n B r a n f ord little is known beyond the meager details that may be gleane d f r o m t h e town, church, and other public records. He had a family of e le v e n c h ildren, … He was evidently a thrifty farmer, a substantial cit i z e n , a c onsiderable landowner, and well-to-do, not to say wealthy, for h i s t i m e . He was a Congregationalist of the early puritan type, though l e s s n a r row, apparently, and more tolerant than many of his contemporari e s . I n 1 7 67, when the … new charter of the united colonies (admitted) o t h e r s t han church members … to the rights and privileges of freemen and a l l o w e d to participate in the administration of public affairs… . Edward F r i s b y e and his eldest son John were among the signers of the “New Plant a t i o n a nd Church Covenant of Brainford | Frisbie, Edward (I9526)
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| 173 | Edward III (13 November 1312 - 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of W i n d sor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 unti l h i s d e ath in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for resto ri n g r o yal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his f a t h e r, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into on e o f t h e m ost formidable military powers in Europe. His fifty-year reig n i s o n e o f the longest in English history, and saw vital developments i n l e g i slation and government, in particular the evolution of the Englis h P a r l iament, as well as the ravages of the Black Death. He outlived his e l d e st son, Edward the Black Prince, and was succeeded by his grandson, R i c h ard II. His father, Edward II, was forced from power by his own wife Isabel and R o g e r M o rtimer. Edward II abdicated the throne of England in favor of h i s s o n E d ward of Windsor on 21 January 1327. Edward III was proclaimed K i n g o f E n gland on 25 January 1327, and crowned at Westminster Abbey on 1 F e b r u a ry 1327. His mother Isabella with Roger de Mortimer served as Reg e n t o f E n gland in his place until Edward usurped the regents (and execu t e d R o g er Mortimer) on 19 October 1330. Edward III first styled himself King of France in 1337 when Phillip VI K i n g o f F r ance attempted to reclaim the English Duchy of Aquitaine. The c o u n t r ies had been scuffling over the remaining English held lands of Fr a n c e , G ascony and Acauitane for generations. Edward III's claim was f o r h i s M o ther and was based on her right from her maternal grandfather P h i l l i p IV, King of France. In 1360, a temporary peace was reached with t h e F r e n ch when Edward III renounced his claim to the French throne in e x c h a n ge for sovereignty over Aquitaine and other lands in France. When t h e w a r f i nally ended only Calais, Bordeaux and Bayonne remained in Engl i s h h a n ds. Founded The Noble Order of the Garter at Windsor King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) 1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is f o r m ally deposed. 1328 - Edward marries Phillipa of Hanault 1329 - Edward recognizes Scotland as an independent nation 1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother , I s a bella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer. He imprisons his m ot h e r for the rest of her life. 1332 - Parliament is divided into two houses, Lords and Commons. Englis h b e c omes the court language replacing Norman French. 1333 - Defeat of Scottish army at Halidon Hill. 1337 - French King Philip VI annexes the English King's Duchy of Aquita i n e . Edward III responds by laying claim to the French crown as a grand s o n o f Philip IV though his mother Isabella. This results in the 100 Ye a r s ’ War with France. 1344 - Edward establishes the Order of the Garter 1346 - David II of Scotland invades England but is defeated at Neville’ s C r o ss and captured. 1346 - French defeated at the Battle of Crecy. 1347 - Edward besieges and captures Calais. 1348 - -1350 The Black Death, bubonic plague which caused the skin to t u r n b lack, kills one-third of the English population. It leaves an acut e s h o rtage of labour for agriculture and armies. 1356 - Black Prince defeats the French at Poitiers capturing King John I I o f F r ance who is held prisoner for four years. Most of South Western F r an c e is now held by the English. 1357 - David II of Scotland is released from captivity and returns home t o S c o tland. 1360 - King John II of France is released on promise of payment of a ra n s o m and leaving his son Louis of Anjou in English-held Calais as hosta g e . 1364 - Louis escapes and John unable to pay the ransom returns to Engla n d w h ere he dies. 1367 - England and France support rival sides in the civil war in Casti l l e 1369 - War breaks out again as the French take back Aquitaine. 1370 - Edward, The Black Prince, sacks Limoges massacring 3,000 people. 1372 - French troops recapture Poitou and Brittany. Naval Battle at La R o c h elle. 1373 - John of Gaunt leads an invasion of France taking his army to the b o r d ers of Burgundy. 1373 - John of Gaunt returns to England and takes charge of government. E d w a rd and his son are ill. 1375 - Treaty of Bruges. English possessions in France are reduced to t h e a r eas of Bordeaux and Calais. 1376 - Parliament gains right to investigate public abuses and impeach o f f e nders; the first impeachment is of Alice Perrers, Edward’s mistress, a n d t w o lords. 1376 - Death of Edward, the Black Prince. 1377 - Edward III dies of a stroke at Sheen Palace, Surrey, aged 64 yea r s | Plantagenet, King of England Edward (I24078)
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| 174 | Edward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then a g a i n f r om 11 April 1471 until his death. He was a central figure in the W a r s o f t h e Roses, a series of civil wars in England fought between the Y o r k i s t and Lancastrian factions between 1455 and 1487. | Plantaganet, King Of England Edward IV (I28)
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| 175 | Edward of Salisbury was also known as Edward the sheriff, because he wa s s h e r i ff of Wiltshire, of which Salisbury is the capital, from as earl y a s 1 0 8 0 . He is known from ''Domesday Book'' in 1086. He is the ances to r o f t h e f irst line of Anglo-Norman earls of Salisbury. Keats-Rohan has an entry for him with the title "Eduuard Saresberiensis " w h i c h d escribes him as "The richest English tenant-in-chief in Domesd ay B o o k , t he bulk of his lands lying in Wiltshire. It is quite likely t ha t h e w a s E nglish, but some doubt whether this is possible given his h i gh s t a n ding among the Normans. Keats- Rohan derives her statement abou t E d w a r d being English from what she calls the "definitive account of E d w a r d a nd his family", published by the historian Ann Williams, ''The E n g l i s h and the Norman Conquest. | Salisbury, Sheriff Of Wiltshire Edward (I7623)
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| 176 | Edward Spalding first came to America to Jamestown, Virginia when Sir G e o r g e Y eardly returned to Virginia from London abt 1619. He later retur n e d t o L o ndon to come to America on the ship "Griffin" in 1634 . His fa m i l y s o on followed. They settled first at Braintree, Massachusetts, the n i n W e n h am, Massachusetts, and finally in Chelmsford, Middlesex County , M a s s a chusetts, where they were among the earliest settlers. He was admitted a freeman May 13, 1640, a juror in 1648, selectman in 1 6 5 4 , 1 6 56, 1660 and 1661, and surveyor of highways in 1663. His will is recorded in Massachusetts. Back in those days, everything w a s l i s t ed in the will, since most people did not have much . So a will m i g h t l i st a bed left to the wife, a wooden spoon to a child , a butter c h u r n t o a nother child, etc. | Spalding, Edward I. (I4572)
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| 177 | Edward the Exile (Outlaw) (Atheling) fled the country and lived at the c o u r t o f H ungary until recalled by his father's half-brother, Edward the C o n f e s sor. He was never crowned king, as he died in London immediately aft e r h i s return in 1057, and was buried at St. Paul's Cathedral. While on the continent, he married Agatha of Hungary, daughter of Empe r o r H e n ry II of Germany (Bruno of Germany). Edward was the founder of t h e H o u s e of Burgoyne. "Edgar Atheling, or Prince Edgar, son of Edward Atheling, also called E d w a r d t he Outlaw, and grandson of Edmund Ironside, was probably born in H u n g a r y, whither his father and uncle, then children, had been sent afte r t h e a c c ession of Canute. He came to England with his father in 1057, b u t t h o u gh he was rightful heir to the throne on the death of Edward the Con f e s sor, his claims were passed over. | Atheling, Edward (I7739)
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| 178 | Einion ab Owain (died c. 984) was a medieval Welsh prince of the House o f D i n e f wr. He was the eldest son and probable edling of King Owain of D yf e d , s o n of Hywel Dda. The Chronicle of the Princes records Einion assisting King Iago of Gwyn e d d i n d r iving the Irish and their Danish allies from Wales in 966. Ein i o n t h e n raided Gower again the next year, "on the pretense" of opposin g t h e p a g an Vikings and their supporters. This prompted a retaliatory r ai d b y K i n g Owain of Morgannwg, who brought Gower back under his contro l , a n d a n i nvasion by King Edgar of England, who forced Einion's father O w a i n t o s wear fealty to him at Caerleon upon Usk. A third raid in 976 w e n t l i t tle better: Einion is recorded devastating the area so thoroughl y i t p r o v oked famine but Owain ap Morgan's brother Ithel defeated him a nd r e s t o red the plunder to its owners. | ab Owain, King of Deheubarth Einion (I9714)
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| 179 | Ela, Countess of Salisbury, died August 24, 1261 at age 75. She was bur i e d i n t h e choir of the Abbey Church before the high altar as was done w i t h a b b ey founders. The church was later demolished and in 1895 her tom b s t o n e was moved to the center of the Cloister Court at Lacock Abbey. T h e L a t i n transcription for words on her tombstone: "Below lie buried th e b o n e s o f the venerable Ela, who gave this sacred house as a home for t h e n u n s . She also lived here as holy abbess and Countess of Salisbury, f u l l o f g o od works." | of Salisbury, 3rd Countess Of Salisbury Ela (I7622)
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| 180 | Eleanor is most often referred to as "Eleanor de Lancaster" or Eleanor o f L a n c a ster -- the name her husband used on her tomb. She is sometimes referred to as "Eleanor Plantagenet." The surname "Pl a n t a g enet" has been retrospectively applied to the descendants of Geoff r e y V , C o unt of Anjou and Empress Matilda without historical justificat i o n : i t i s simply a convenient, if deceptive, method of referring to pe o p l e w h o had, in fact, no surname. The first descendant of Geoffrey to u s e t h e s u rname was Richard Plantagenet , 3rd Duke of York (father of bo t h E d w a rd IV of England and Richard II I of England) who apparently ass u m e d i t a bout 1448. Wikipedia: [http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Lancaster Eleanor o f L a n c a ster] During her first marriage she was "Lady Beaumont." After her second marriage she was also Eleanor, Countess of Arundel. She was the widow of John De Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont. It is suppos e d , t h a t her father was a Plantagenet. | Plantagenet, Countess Of Arundel And Warenne Eleanor (I7604)
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| 181 | Elfthryth was the daughter of Ordgar, who held lands in the south-west o f E n g l a nd and who may have become Ealdorman of Devon. Oxford Dictionary o f N a t i o nal Biography gives her birth place as Lydford Castle, Devon, an d s u g g e sts a birth date of 945. | of England, Queen Of England Aelfthryth (I7494)
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| 182 | Elizabeth of Austria (German: Elisabeth von Habsburg; Polish: Elżbieta R a k u szanka; Lithuanian: Elžbieta Habsburgaitė; c. 1436 - 30 August 1505) w a s Q u een of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the wife of King C a s i mir IV of Poland.[1] Orphaned at an early age, she spent her childho o d i n t he court of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III. As one of the thre e s u r viving grandchildren of Emperor Sigismund, she had a strong claim t o t h e k ingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia. That made her an attractive brid e f o r a P olish prince. The Polish nobility, seeking to increase Polish i n f lue nce in Hungary and Bohemia, pursued marriage with Elizabeth since s h e w a s born and finally succeeded in 1454. Her marriage to Casimir was o n e o f t he most successful royal marriages in Poland.[2] She gave birth t o t h i rteen children, eleven of whom survived to adulthood. Four of her s o n s w ere crowned as kings. | Von Habsburg Österreich, Elizabeth (I8390)
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| 183 | Elizabeth was taken prisoner by the English, along with her daughter an d t w o o f R o bert Bruce's sisters, on Nov. 7, 1306. Because her father Ri ch a r d, e a rl of Ulster, was a faithful supporter of King Edward, she was n o t k e p t i n a cage as the other women related to the Bruce were. Instead s h e w a s s e nt to the royal manor at Burstwick in Holderness, where detail e d i n s t ructions were given as to the terms of her confinement: she was p e r m i t ted one maid and one woman for her chamber, who must be "of a good a g e a n d n o t cheerful" and she was to be watched closely at all times by s e r v a n ts loyal to King Edward. As her husband's army grew stronger, the king found it prudent to move Q u e e n E l izabeth further from the Scottish border than Holderness. In 130 8 s h e w a s t ransferred under heavy guard to the abbey of Biddlesdon in B uc k i n g hamshire; to Windsor castle in 1312; to Shaftesbury and to the co n v e n t o f Barking in Essex (both) in 1313; and to Rochester castle in 13 1 4 . S h e w as not released from captivity until October 1314, when she w a s f i n a lly exchanged for several English noblemen who had been taken pr i s o n e r by the Bruce at Bannockburn. | De Burgh, Queen Of Scots Elizabeth (I7681)
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| 184 | Elizabeth will marry her first cousin | Bird, Elizabeth Bud (I5323)
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| 185 | Eochaid mac Áeda Find is a supposed King of Dál Riata found in some rar e H i g h M e dieval king-lists and in older history books. Supposedly a son of Áed Find (died 778) and successor to Áed's brother F e r g u s m ac Echdach. | MacAeda Find, King of Dál Riata Eochaid (I9629)
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| 186 | Ermengol (or Ermengaud) (870-937) was a son of Odo of Toulouse and Gars i n d i s . His father gave him the County of Rouergue and Quercy in 906 and h e g o v e r ned it to his death. His brother was Raymond II of Toulouse and t o g e t h er they governed the vast patrimony of their house in the first ha l f o f t h e t enth century. Ermengol and his wife Adelais (Adalaiz) had two known sons and one daug h t e r , t hough charters of his eldest son indicate that he had other sons b e s i d e s his two heirs. The eldest son was Raymond, who inherited Rouergu e , a n d t h e second was Hugh, who received Quercy. His daughter is hypoth e s i z e d to have married Sunifred II, Count of Barcelona. | Toulouse, Comte De Rouergue Et De Quercy Ermengaud (I7304)
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| 187 | Ermentrude (French: Ermentrude de France; 875/78-?) was a Princess of F r a n c e i n the Middle Ages, named after her grandmother, Queen Ermentrude o f O r l é a ns. Ermentrude was a daughter of King Louis the Stammerer and Adelaide of P a r i s . | Carolignian, Princess of France Ermengarde Adelaide (I9866)
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| 188 | Ermentrude de Roucy (c. 951 - 5 May 1005) (Irmtrude) was a Countess and D u c h e s s of Burgundy. She was a daughter of Renaud of Roucy and his wife , A l b e r ade of Lorraine, daughter of Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine. By 971, Ermentrude married Aubry II of Mâcon and thus became a countess o f M â c o n . She secondly married Otto-William, Count of Burgundy. They had children : Guy I of Mâcon Matilda, married Landri of Nevers Gerberga, married William II of Provence Reginald I, Count of Burgundy Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine | de Roucy, Duchess of Burgundy Ermentrude (I9883)
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| 189 | Ermentrude had a gift for embroidery and an interest in religious found a t i o n s. Her husband gave her the Abbey of Chelles. She separated from h e r h u s b and after he executed her rebellious brother William in 866, and r e t r e a ted to the life of a nunnery. Ermentrude was buried in the Basiliq u e S a i n t-Denis, Paris, France. | Orleans, Reine De France Ermentrudis (I7716)
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| 190 | Eustace I, Count of Boulogne, was a nobleman and founder of the Boulogn e b r a n c h of the House of Flanders. He held the county of Boulogne from 1 0 2 4 u n t il his death in 1047. Eustace was the elder son of Count Baldwin II of Boulogne and Adelina o f H o l l a nd. He succeeded his father as count of Boulogne in 1024. Eustac e w a s a l s o the count of Lens.[2] In 1028 Eustace confirmed the foundati on o f a c o l l ege of canons in his castle at Lens and despite accounts of L e ns p a s s ing to Baldwin V of Flanders circa 1036 it was still held by Eu s ta c e a n d was passed to his son Lambert at his death. | De Boulogne, Count of Boulogne Eustace I. (I9906)
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| 191 | Eustace II, (c. 1015 - c. 1087), also known as Eustace aux Grenons ("Eu s t a c e w ith long moustaches"),[1][2][3] was Count of Boulogne from 1049 t o 1 0 8 7 . H e fought on the Norman side at the Battle of Hastings, and aft er w a r d s received large grants of land forming an honour in England. He i s o n e o f t h e few proven companions of William the Conqueror. It has bee n s u g g e sted that Eustace was the patron of the Bayeux Tapestry.[4] | De Boulogne, Count of Boulogne Eustace (I7076)
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| 192 | Eva Marshal (1203 - 1246) was a Cambro-Norman noblewoman and the wife o f t h e p o w erful Marcher lord William de Braose. She was the daughter of W i l l i a m Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and the granddaughter of Strongbo w a n d A o i fe of Leinster. She held de Braose lands and castles in her own right following the pub l i c h a n ging of her husband by the Prince of Wales. | Marshal, Eva (I8127)
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| 193 | Family lines fall from both son Simon and daughter Agnes. | Danmartin, Alberic II Of (I7838)
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| 194 | Father: Pepin I, King of Italy | Carolingian, Adelais (I9806)
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| 195 | Fergus of Galloway was King, or Lord, of Galloway from an unknown date ( p r o b a bly in the 1110s), until his death in 1161. He was the founder of G a l l o w ay, probably in the space left when the Norwegian ("Barel egs") l e d a c a m p aign of subjugation in the Irish Sea world. Fergus was almost c e r t a i nly a native Galwegian his likely power base was the area of Gallo w a y b e t ween the rivers Dee and Cree. It may have been after his marria g e t h a t F ergus began calling himself rex Galwitensium ("King of Gallowa y " ) . H o wever, while his possible father-in-law lived, Fergus, like King D a v i d I o f S cotland), seems to have remained a faithful "vassal" to Henr y . | Galloway, Lord of Galloway Fergus (I7517)
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| 196 | First Earl of Angus Earl Gilbert also took an active part in public affairs, and was one of t h e l e a d ers of the Scottish army in the wars of King William the Lion wi t h E n g l and. He was present at the sack of Warkworth in 1174. Soon after this, by a treaty made at Falaise, the Earl of Angus was one o f t h e S c o ttish hostages for the observance of the peace under this trea ty . | Angus, Earl Of Angus Gillbride (I7379)
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| 197 | First King of Scotland (Alba). Born Ciniod MacAlpin, son of Alpin MacEo c h a i d , king of Dalriada, his mother is said to have been a daughter of A c h a l a s, King of Argyllshire, or a Pictish princess. His father was kill e d i n b a t tle against the ruling Picts, and MacAlpin took control of Dal r i ad a . T he Picts were later decimated by Viking raids, and taking advan t a g e o f t his weakness, MacAlpin summoned the remaining Earls of Caledon i a t o h i s c ourt. A banquet was held, and when the guests, including the P i c t i s h king, were inebriated, MacAlpin's men slaughtered them. Thus the w a y w a s c l ear for him to claim the throne of the two kingdoms, Scots and P i c t s , a nd become King of Alba. He ruled from 841 - 859, took the Christ i a n n a m e Kenneth, and moved the capital from Dunndald to Scone. Conside r e d t o b e a stute by some, and ruthless by others, he successfully unite d t h e r u l e of the two kingdoms permanently. He was succeeded by his bro th e r , D o nald. (bio by: Kristen Conrad) (Research):http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=861485 4 | McAlpin, Kenneth (I9767)
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| 198 | First wife of Roger [II] de Montgomery, son of Roger [I], Seigneur de M o n t g o mery. She bore him 10 children. Mabel was said to be an extremely s t r o n g w illed woman, shrewd, politically adept, but also cruel. She was murdered at Bures Castle by one Hugh Bunel and his accomplices. H e r s o n , H ugh de Montgomery who was at Bures Castle when she was murdere d t h e r e , pursued them in vain, they having broken down the bridges behi nd t h e m a s t hey fled. The pursuit was further hindered by the winter fl ood s . | Bellemedie, Mabile (I7399)
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| 199 | Floris I of Holland (born ca. 1010-21 in Vlaardingen - killed June 28, 1 0 6 1 i n G e lderland, Netherlands) was Count of Holland (which was called F r i s i a a t that time) from 1049 to 1061. He was a son of Dirk III and Oth e l i n d is. He succeeded his brother Dirk IV who was murdered in 1049. He was invol v e d i n a w a r of a few Lotharingian vassals against the imperial authori t y . O n a r e treat from Zaltbommel he was ambushed and killed in battle a t N e d e r hemert (called Hamerth at the time), on 28 June 1061. | Holland, Count Of Holland Floris (I7735)
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| 200 | Floris III of Holland (aka van Holland, of Holland) (1141 - August 1 , 1 1 9 0 ) , C ount of Holland from 1157 to 1190. He was a son of Dirk VI a nd S o p h i e o f Luxemburg, heiress of Bentheim. On September 28, 1162 he married Ada, sister of king William I of Scot l a n d , a l so known as William the Lion. The county of Holland adopted from h i m t h e r a mpant lion in the coat of arms and the name of William. Floris III was a loyal vassal to Frederick I Barbarossa. He accompanied t h e e m p e ror on two expeditions to Italy in 1158 and 1176-1178. Frederick t h a n k e d him by making Floris part of the imperial nobility. The emperor gave Floris the toll right of Geervliet, the most importan t o l l s t a tion in Holland at that time. This was actually the legalisation o f a n e x i s ting situation, because the counts of Holland had charged toll s i l l e g ally since the start of the 11th century. Many farmers came to Holland to turn the swamps into agricultural lands . D i k e s a nd dams were build and the border between Holland and the bish op r i c o f U trecht had to be determined. There was a dispute between Flor i s a n d t h e bishop of Utrecht about a new dam in the Rhine at Zwammerdam i n 1 1 6 5 , w hich had to be settled by emperor Frederick. The brother of Fl or i s , B a ldwin became bishop of Utrecht in 1178. War broke out between Flanders and Holland. Count Philip of Flanders wa n t e d t o h ave Zeeland. Floris was captured in Brugge and had to accept F l e m i s h overlordship in Zeeland as ransom in 1167. During his reign Floris III had troubles with West Friesland and a war w i t h P h i lip count of Flanders concerning their respective rights in West Z e e l a n d, in which he was beaten. In 1170 a great flood caused immense de v a s t a tion in the north and helped to form the Zuider Zee. In 1189 Floris accompanied Frederick Barbarossa upon the third Crusade , o f w h i c h h e was a distinguished leader. He died in 1190 at Antioch of pe st i l e n ce and was buried there. Two sons of Floris III became Count of Holland: Dirk VII in 1190 and W i l l i a m I i n 1203 | Holland, Count Of Holland Floris (I7368)
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