| Notes |
Duke of Swabia, King of Germany; King of Italy; King of Burgundy; Holy R o m a n E m peror. He spent his life antagonizing the papacy. He's forever a s s o c i ated with anti-pope Victor IV.
Norwich, John Julius (2011). Absolute Monarchs: A History of th e Papac y . R a n d om House. Epub.
When he died... somehow drowning, trying to lead troops for the Third C r u s a d e, his men had trouble getting his body back home. It started to m e l t . N e edless to say... he never made it back and his parts are scatte r e d i n t h ree.
==Barbarrossa Sacks Rome==
Excerpt from Absolute Monarchs:
: "St. Peter's itself, ringed with strongpoints and hastily dug trenche s . F o r e i ght more days it held out; it was only when the besiegers set f i r e t o t h e forecourt, destroying the great portico so lovingly restored b y I n n o c ent II and finally hacking down the huge portals of the basilica i t s e l f , that the defending garrison surrendered. Never had there been su c h a d e s e cration of the holiest shrine in Europe. Even in the ninth cen t ury , t h e S aracen pirates had contented themselves with tearing the sil v e r p a n els from the doors; they had never penetrated the building. This t i m e , a c cording to a contemporary-Otto of St. Blaise-the Germans left th e m a r b l e pavements of the nave strewn with dead and dying, the high alt ar i t s e l f stained with blood. And this time the outrage was the work no t o f i n f i del barbarians but of the emperor of Western Christendom.
: St. Peter's fell on July 29, 1167. On the following day, at that same h i g h a l t ar, the Antipope Paschal celebrated Mass and then invested Frede r i c k - whom Pope Hadrian had crowned twelve years before-with the golden c i r c l e t of the Roman Patricricius-a deliberate gesture of defiance to th e S e n a t e and People of Rome. Two days later still, he officiated at the i m p e r i al coronation of the Empress Beatrice, her husband standing at her s i d e . P o pe Alexander had no alternative; disguised as a simple pilgrim, h e s l i p p ed out of the city and made his way to the coast, where he was d is c o v e red-fortunately by friends-three days later, sitting on the beach a n d w a i t ing for a ship. He was rescued and taken to safety in Benevento. "
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1122 - 1190 (68 years)
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