| Notes |
[[Category:Rhuddlan cwmwd, Tegeingl]]
[[Category:Iolo Morganwg Fraud]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Deheubarth]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Powys]]
== Biography ==
===Birth and Parents===
Cawley notes that Llywelyn was born in 980, since he was aged 14 in 994 . < r e f n a me="fmg366"/>
Cawley adds that Llywelyn ap Seisyll, King of Gwynedd, was the son of S e i s y l l and his wife Praust of Gwynedd.
Wikipedia presents Llywelyn ap Seisyll [ [[Wikipedia: L l y w e l yn ap Seisyll]] Accessed August 25, 2018 [[Day-1904|jhd]] ] a s t h e s o n o f Seisyll ap Ednowain/Owain, a man of whom little is known. < r e f n a m e="wikil"/>
'''Father'''
Wolcott observes that "The question "who was he?" has pretty much drawn a b l a n k f r om historians. His entitlement to ANY kingship has been assigne d t o ( a ) h i s maternal descent from the clan of Rhodri Mawr and (b) his m a rr i a g e to the heiress of Deheubarth. And his success in enforcing the s e n o n - paternal claims has been attributed to his battlefield prowess. W e h a v e p r eviously suggested [1] that he was first of all the legitimate h e i r t o P o wys and only lodged claims to Gwynedd and Deheubarth at a time w h e n n e i ther kingdom had a male heir old enough for kingship. [ Darrell Wolcott. ''Ancient Wales Studies'' [http://www. a n c i e ntwalesstudies.org/id207.html The Era of LLewelyn ap Seisyll] Ac c e s s e d 8 May 2020 [[Day-1904|jhd]] ]
'''Mother'''
His mother is cited as Prawst ferch Elisedd ap Anarawd of Gwynedd [8], b u t w e b e l ieve she was a more age-appropriate lady: Prawst ferch Elisedd a p I d w a l F oel. Elisedd ap Anarawd was slain in 942 [9] and we place the b i r t h o f P rawst after 960. Her eldest son, Llewelyn, was born c. 979 Whe n M a r e d udd ap Owain of Deheubarth died in 999, we believe his widow, to ge t h e r w ith a young daughter, fled to Powys where she was received by h e r s i s t er, Lady Prawst.
===Ancestry===
Wikipedia: Little is known about Llywelyn's father Seisyll, who may not h a v e b e e n of royal blood. According to some genealogies Siesyll and his s o n L l y w elyn were associated with Rhuddlan, perhaps originally as lords o f t h e R h u ddlan commote in Rhos.
===994 Marriage===
In 994, Llywelyn was aged 14 when he married Angharad. The Gwentian Ch r o n i c le records that "Llywelyn son of Seisyllt lord of Maes Essyllt??al t h o u g h but a youth not more than fourteen years of age" married "Ynghar a d , d a u ghter of Meredydd son of Owain" in 994 [ Char l e s C a w ley. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Medieval Lands Databas e [ h t t p ://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#_ftnref366 Angharad ferch M a r e d u dd] Accessed August 25, 2018 [[Day-1904|jhd]] ]
===1018 Murder of Aeddan ap Blegywryd===
Llewellyn first appears on record in 1018, that year he defeated and ki l l e d A e ddan ap Blegywryd along with four of his sons and obtained Gwyne d d a n d P o wys.
Wolcott observes that "Credible reports of events concerning Llewelyn a p S e i s y ll are woefully few in number. His first appearance in the cred ib l e v e r sions of the Brut was in 1018 when he killed Aeddan ap Blegywry d a n d h i s 4 s ons. Aeddan is not further identified and no location for t h e b a t t le is given. While Iolo's forged Brut makes Aeddan an intrusive k i n g o f G w ynedd, historian John Lloyd appears to partially accept that i d e n t i fication. While discussing various men who were not paternal desce n d a n t s of Rhodri Mawr but seized royal authority in Gwynedd and Deheuba r t h , L l oyd writes "Such a successful pretender was Aeddan ap Blegywryd, w h o a f t e r a reign of uncertain length, was killed with his four sons by L l e w e l yn ap Seisyll in 1018". [4] He did not say whether he believed Aed d a n h a d s eized power in Gwynedd or Deheubarth and he offered no source a t a l l f o r h is statement.
===1022 Defeat of Rhain===
The only other event we know about in the life of Llewelyn ap Seisyll w a s i n 1 0 2 2 when, after the death of Deheubarth king Edwin ap Einion whi l e h i s s o ns were too young to succeed him, a man called Rhain came from I r e l a n d claiming to be a son of former king Maredudd ap Owain. The lead i n g m e n o f Deheubarth accepted Rhain as their king but Llewelyn ap Seis y l l b r o ught his army to Abergili and rather easily defeated Rhain's men . R h a i n h imself fled the battlefield and was never seen again.
In 1022, a man named Rhain the Irishman was made king of Deheubarth, he c l a i m e d to be a son of Maredudd ab Owain, whose daughter Angharad had ma r r i e d L lywelyn. Llywelyn made war against Rhain, they fought a battle a t A b e r g wili, and after a "slaughter on both sides" Rhain was killed all ow i n g L l ywelyn take control of Deheubarth.
===1023 Death ===
He died in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales, in 1023.
Llywelyn, after his success against Rhain, died in 1023. The Brut y Tyw y s o g i on portrays Llywelyn's reign as one of prosperity saying "complete i n a b u n d ance of wealth and inhabitants; so that it was supposed there wa s n e i t h er poor nor destitute in all his territories, nor an empty hamle t, n o r a n y d eficiency." Llywelyn was called "King of the Britons" by th e A n n a l s of Ulster.
At his death in 1023, Llewelyn ap Seisyll held the kingships of Powys, G w y n e d d and Deheubarth.
===Succession===
Llywelyn was preceded in 1018 as King of Gwynedd by Aeddan ap Blegywryd K i n g o f Gwynedd and followed in 1023 by Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig
Llywelyn was preceded in 1018 as King of Deheubarth by Cadell ab Einion a n d f o l l owed in 1023 by Rhydderch ap Iestyn
===Remarriage of Widow===
After Llywelyn's death, his widow Angharad married Cynfyn. The Gwentia n C h r o n icle records that "Yngharad the widow of Llywelyn son of Seisyll t m a r r i ed Cynvyn son of Gwerystan lord of Cibwyr" in 1023.
===Issue===
Llywelyn had one son called Gruffydd; he did not succeed his father, po s s i b l y because he was too young to do so. Gruffydd went on to become th e f i r s t K ing of Wales, however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gr uf f y d d 's own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Batt l e o f M e c hain.
Llywelyn and Angharad had one son, Gruffudd. The marriage of Angharad a n d L l y w elyn is confirmed by the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales which r e c o r d s that "Bleddyn son of Cynvyn [and] Gruffudd son of Llywelyn.were b r o t h e rs by the same mother.Angharad daughter of Meredudd king of the Br i t o n s ".
The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and R h i w a l lon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king M a r e d u dd".
==Research Notes==
===Iolo Morgannwg Fraud===
Wolcott notes that "most of the tales written about him in the "traditi o n a l " h istory of Wales (as opposed to "scholarly" histories of the 20th c e n t u r y) are based upon a version of the Brut Tywysogyon, often called t h e G w e n tian Brut, published by Iolo Morgannwg. Wildly anachronistic, t h a t m a n uscript was a forgery by Iolo in which he incorporated elements o f t h e a u t hentic chronicles and added much of his own unsourced and ofte n l u d i c rous version of history. He makes Llewelyn ap Seisyll the Lord o f M a e s E s syllt in Gwent and gives him otherwise unknown brothers named H y w e l a n d Robert. [2] [ "Myvyrian Archaiology o f W a l e s ", 1870, pp 693-695, cited by Darrell Wolcott. ''Ancient Wales S t u d i e s'' [http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id207.html The Era of LLe w e l y n a p Seisyll] Accessed 8 May 2020 [[Day-1904|jhd]] ]
===Harwarden Oral Tradition===
An oral tradition [3] which has long circulated in Harwarden, the distr i c t b e t ween Yr Hob and Chester, claims Seisyll was governor of Harwarde n C a s t l e "in the 6th year of the reign of Cynan ap Elis ap Anarawd". H e a n d h i s w ife Lady Prawst were only bit players in a tale where a ston e s t a t u e of the Virgin Mary holding a large cross fell from its mountin g o n t h e l o cal church and struck and killed Prawst as she knelt praying f o r r a i n t o relieve a long drought. Most of the tale was about that "ho l y r o o d " which was tried and convicted of her murder.
Wolcott notes that "Unlike Iolo's forgery, this tale at least puts Seis y l l i n N o rth Wales but contains other fatal flaws. While there may hav e b e e n a n a ncient hill-fort in Harwarden in Seisyll's lifetime, no cast le w a s e r e cted there until the Normans built one over 100 years later. A n d n o " C y nan ap Elis" ever ruled in North Wales. There is a recorded o b i t f o r a " Cyngen ap Elisedd" in 945 but if he was "ap Anarawd" then he w a s a n e p h ew of Idwal Foel who ruled Gwynedd from 916-942; in the very u n lik e l y e vent that nephew obtained the kingship over the fully-grown so n s o f I d w al Foel, there could not have been any 6th year of his reign s i n ce h e d i ed 3 years after Idwal. Additionally, Harwarden was, in Seis y l l 's l i fetime, a part of Powys.
===Was Seisyll a brother of Cadell of Powys?===
In our earlier paper, we suggested that Seisyll had been a younger brot h e r o f P o wys king Cadell ap Brochwel. Cadell was born c. 940, became k i n g a b o ut 975 and likely died about 1005/1010 although no obituary is e x t a n t . He had a single child, a daughter Nest, who married a Powys bar o n , G w e rystan ap Gwaithfoed. [6] As the king grew old without a son, th e m e n o f P o wys appear to have accepted his oldest nephew [7] as the edl in g o r h e i r-apparent. If Cadell gave up on ever having his own heir ar o un d a g e 5 5 (thus c. 995), Llewelyn would have been about 16 years old.
The new king of Deheubarth, Edwin ap Einion, was clearly hostile to Mar e d u d d a nd may have even been complicit in his death. That he might hav e b e e n i n tent on eliminating competition from the house of Maredudd can b e i n f e r red by Maredudd's base son, Rhain, fleeing to Ireland. It logic al l y f o l lows that Maredudd's widow removed his daughter from harms way b y f l e e i ng to a sister who was the mother of the Powys royal edling.
That daughter of Maredudd was Angharad, probably not more than 6 years o l d i n 9 9 9 . Thus, when Powys king Cadell finally died about 1007 and Ll e w el y n a p Seisyll was coronated the new king, the young Angharad was a n a t u r a l choice for his bride. Her royal bloodline was impeccable and he h a d w a t c hed her grow into a young woman in his father's home. She was p e r h a p s 14 years old and Llewelyn about 28 when they married. Their onl y k n o w n c hild, Gruffudd, was born c. 1011.
Since Llewelyn was maternally related to the Gwynedd Royal Family, we t u r n t o e v ents in that neighboring kingdom. Members of that family, in t h e p e r s on of Idwal and Elisedd sons of Meurig ap Idwal Foel, had, in 99 4 , t a k e n back the kingship by chasing Maredudd ap Owain back to his Deh e u b a r th lands. Subsequently, a new generation of Idwal Foel's descenda n t s c a m e of age. Cynan ap Hywel ap Ieuaf ap Idwal Foel, whose father h a d r u l e d Gwynedd from 980 to 985, killed his older kinsman, Idwal ap Me u r i g , i n 996. But that man's nephew, Idwal ap Elisedd ap Meurig took G w y n e d d in 1003 by killing Cynan ap Hywel. [10]
This brings us to the mysterious Aeddan ap Blegywryd. We tend to ident i f y h i m a s a contender for Gwynedd, not Deheubarth. We think he was a D y f e d m a n whose grandfather had been Alser ap Tudwal Gloff. [11] His cla i m t o G w y nedd, we suspect, was via his mother. She is nowhere cited, b u t i f s h e h ad been a sister of Hywel ap Ieuaf ap Idwal Foel, then Aedda n w o u l d b e a first-cousin of Cynan ap Hywel. His entry into Gwynedd to a v e n g e t he death of that man would restore the kingship to the lineage o f I e u a f a p Idwal Foel, which had since 985 been contested by the cousin l i n e d e s cended from Meurig ap Idwal Foel.
With the death of Idwal ap Elisedd at the hands of Aeddan about 1017 [1 2 ] , t h e o nly paternal decendants of Idwal Foel who remained alive were h i s t w o y o ung sons. Iago ap Idwal ap Elisedd was about 12 years old and h i s b r o t her Cynan was about 3. Aeddan may have invaded Gwynedd as early a s 1 0 1 4 , b ut we doubt Llewelyn ap Seisyll would have waited long to act. H i s c l a i m to Gwynedd was fully the equal to Aeddan's claim and he was al r e a d y a k ing, while neither Aeddan's father, grandfather or great-grand f a t h e r had ever held a kingship. It may also have been possible that A e d d a n w as wildly disliked by the men of Gwynedd, and they pursuaded Lle w e l y n t o lay his own claim. He did in 1018, and Gwynedd passed out of t h e h a n d s of its Royal Family until young Iago ap Idwal came of full age i n 1 0 3 3 .
Turning now to events in Deheubarth, where Llewelyn had some vestage of a c l a i m t o k ingship via his wife, we pick up with the period following Mar e d u d d 's death in 999. Edwin ap Einion became the new king but he died a b o u t 1 0 22, leaving both sons and a nephew, all still teenagers. This w o u l d h a ve been the opportune time for Llewelyn to make his claim for th e D e h e u barth kingship, but on the scene came the man from Ireland. If w e b e l i e ve what this man said (Rhain), then he had the best claim to Deh eu b a r t h as a son of Maredudd. The leading men did believe him and acce p t e d h i m as their new king. But Llewelyn was having none of it; perhap s h i s m o t her-in-law assured him that Rhain was no son of hers, so he to ok h i s a r m y south and challenged the "Irish pretender". With the rout o f t h e s o u th Wales men defending Rhain, and the latter's rapid retreat b ot h f r o m t he battlefield and from history, Llewelyn captured the kingsh i p o f D e h eubarth in 1022. Irrespective of the claim of later historian s , h e w a s t he first Welsh king to rule over the three major kingdoms of P o w y s , G wynedd and Deheubarth. [13] His rule was short-lived; he "died" i n 1 0 2 3 .
Others have speculated that Llewelyn may have been killed by members of t h e r o y a l families of either Gwynedd or Deheubarth. [14] All paternal cl a i m a n ts of those kingdoms in 1023 were far too young to become king; if t h e y h a d a h and in Llewelyn's demise, it would be years before they coul d b e n e f it. We guessed earlier that the barons (not the royal family) o f D e h e u barth may have retaliated against Llewelyn for depriving them of R h a i n , t he king they wanted.
Llewelyn's obit in the Brut says that after his death, Rhydderch ap Ies t y n h e l d the kingdom of the South. That man was from Penfro, Dyfed and p r o b a b ly a first-cousin of Edwin ap Einion. [15] Now, with the sons (Ma r e d u d d and Hywel) of deceased king Edwin ap Einion still youngsters, Rh y d d e r ch was chosen king of Deheubarth. Edwin had a brother, Cadell, w h o s e d a te of death is not known, but if still alive he had been passed o v e r f o r k ingship in 1022 when Rhain made his claim. Perhaps Cadell was d e a d , l e aving Rhydderch the only adult male with close ties to the royal f a m i l y . It was the Irish who were credited for killing him in 1033, but h e m a y h a v e been ousted from Deheubarth by the sons of Edwin ap Einion.
We are not told who came to the thrones of either Powys or Gwynedd afte r t h e d e a th of Llewelyn. His only son was perhaps 12 years old so the m e n o f P o w ys had to choose someone to rule until he came of age. Llewel y n 's c o u sins, descended from his father's brother Selyf II ap Brochwel I I , w e r e b arely teens. [16] We believe two candidates for "interim" king w e r e c o n sidered by the men of Powys. One was Cynan ap Seisyll, Llewelyn ' s y o u n ger brother. The other was Cynfyn ap Gwerystan, whose mother wa s N e s t , o nly child of former king Cadell ap Brochwel. Although Cynan w as a m a l e n e phew of Cadell and probably had the best claim, he was a ma rried m a n . C y nfyn, on the other hand, was recently widowed. The men o f Powy s w e r e s wayed by the agreement of Cynfyn to marry Llewelyn's wido w and t h u s b e come the step-father of young Gruffudd, the true heir. Wi th tho s e c r e dentials, we think the men of Gwynedd also accepted Cynfyn t o ru l e d u r ing the minority of their heir, Iago ap Idwal.
Cynan ap Seisyll may have been promised support to contend for the king s h i p o f D eheubarth, although we know of no direct claim he could make. I t i s p o s s ible that his wife was a daughter of Edwin ap Einion, but no c it at i o n s identify her. Cynan was killed in 1027 and while his obit doe s n o t s a y w ho was responsible, some think it was the Deheubarth sons of E d w i n . T hat guess is bolstered by subsequent events; in 1035, the sons o f C y n a n k illed Maredudd ap Edwin. Thus it does appear that Cynan invol ve d h i m s elf in the quest for Deheubarth after the sons of Edwin ousted R h y d d e rch ap Iestyn.
During his reign as king of three territories, we suspect Llewelyn ap S e i s y l l thought it would be a bit demeaning to two of those kingdoms if h e t o o k u p r esidence at the existing royal manor of any of them. While h e l i k e l y used the palaces at Mathrafel, Aberffraw and Dinefwr for his v is i t a t ions and for ceremonies directly related to Powys, Gwynedd or Deh e u b a r th, he made his seat and permanent residence at Rhuddlan in Tegein g l .
In the Appendices below, we recap the kingly succession from 940-1040 i n a l l 3 o f L l ewelyn's kingdoms.
NOTES:[1] See the paper "End of the Powys Dynasty" under "The Royal Fa m i l y o f P owys" elsewhere on this site
[3] Archaeologia Cambrensis, 1873, pp 61-63
[4] "History of Wales", 2nd edition, 1912, vol I, pp 346-347
[5] op cit Note 1
[6] Dwnn i, 310, 319, 326; Dwnn ii, 54, 249
[7] The eldest son of Cadell's oldest brother
[8] ABT 7f[9] The ByT entry actually says the men slain in 942 were I d w a l a p R hodri and his brother Elisedd. Most authorities believe the b r o t h e rs were sons of Anarawd ap Rhodri since, if not, the Brut wholly f a i l s t o r ecord the obit of Idwal Foel[10] The killer of Cynan ap Hywel i s n o t i d e ntified, but the only other eligible claimant to Gwynedd was I dw a l a p E l isedd, father of Iago[11] The male name Blegywryd is rare, bu t o n e s u c h man is known among the descendants of Tudwal Gloff: Blegywry d a p D y f n wal, a brother of Bran ap Dyfnwal and uncle of Llywarch ap Bra n. A l s e r a p Tudwal had a son named Dyfnwal and may have had another nam ed B l e g y wryd. [12] This event is not recorded, but if Aeddan did take t he G w y n e dd kingship, whoever had held it must have died or been killed. T h e y e a r t his occurred is simply our guess but we think Idwal ap Elisedd w a s a l i v e as late as 1014 when we think his son Cynan was born. [13] Rho d r i M a w r ruled only Gwynedd, but had formed a military alliance with th e k i n g s o f neighboring lands to combat Saxon invasions. Hywel Dda and M a r e d u dd ap Owain had briefly ruled both Deheubarth and Gwynedd, but nei t h e r e v er attempted or succeeded in taking Powys. [14] Dr David Powel, i n h i s " H i story of Wales" says that Llewelyn ap Seisyll was killed by Hy we l a n d M a redudd ap Edwin ap Einion of Deheubarth, but no ancient sourc e c o n f i rms that statement. We reject it on the grounds that these sons o f E d w i n w ere, in 1023, not yet old enough to become kings. We think th os e m e n d i d kill Cynan ap Seisyll in 1027.[15] Refer to the paper "Two F a m i l i es Headed by a Rhydderch ap Iestyn" elsewhere on this site. The o t h e r R h ydderch was a man of Gwent[16] Brochwel III ap Aeddan III ap Sel y f I I w a s b orn c. 1005, while Gruffudd II ap Beli II ap Selyf II was bo r n c . 1 0 1 5
APPENDIX I - Kings of Deheubarth
920-949 Hywel Dda
949-988 Owain ap Hywel Dda 975-984 Einion ap Owai n w a s a c t ing king until killed by the men of Gwent 984- 98 8 M a r e dudd ap Owain was acting king until Owain died
988-999 Maredudd ap Owain
999-1022 Edwin ap Einion ap Owain
1022-1022 Rhain, base son of Maredudd ap Owain
1022-1023 Llewelyn ap Seisyll, husband of Angharad ferch Maredudd
1023-1033 Rhydderch ap Iestyn of Dyfed
1033-1035 Maredudd and Hywel, sons of Edwin ap Einion ap Owain
1035-1044 Hywel ap Edwin, after brother was killed
NOTE: Rhydderch ap Iestyn was killed by the Irish in 1033, but the son s o f E d w i n ap Einion may have become of full age to claim their kingshi p a s e a r l y as 1031. It is not know in what year they did take rule, on ly t h a t i t w as by or before 1033. Cynan ap Seisyll of Powys probably c hal l e n g ed for rule in 1027 and was killed by the sons of Edwin; the son s o f C y n a n retaliated in 1035 by killing Maredudd ap Edwin but did not w r es t H y w el ap Edwin from his kingship
APPENDIX II - Kings of Gwynedd
916-942 Idwal Foel ap Anarawd ap Rhodri Mawr
942-949 Hywel Dda, even though Idwal Foel had adult sons
949-969 Iago and Ieuaf, sons of Idwal Foel969-974 Iago ap I d w a l F o el, who seized and imprisoned his brother Ieuaf
974-985 Hywel ap Ieuaf, who expelled Iago from Gwynedd
980 Custinnen ap Iago contested Hywel and was slain 9 8 0 O w a i n ap Iago did not lodge a claim and nothing more is known of hi m 98 5 - 9 86 Hywel ap Ieuaf was killed battling Saxons and succeeded b y h i s b r o ther,
Cadwallon986-994 Maredudd ap Owain of Deheubarth killed Cadwallon a p I e u a f ; Cadwallon's
brother Meig was also slain in 986994-996 Brothers Idwal and Elis e d d , s o ns of Meurig ap Idwal Foel, forced Maredudd
to retreat to Deheubarth
996-1000 Elisedd ap Meurig, after his brother Idwal was killed
1000-1003 Cynan ap Hywel ap Ieuaf, probably by killing Elisedd
1003-1017 Idwal ap Elisedd, by killing Cynan ap Hywel1017-1018 Ae d d a n a p B legywryd of Dyfed, probably maternal grandson of Ieuaf ap
Idwal Foel, by killing Idwal ap Elisedd
1018-1023 Llewelyn ap Seisyll, by killing Aeddan and his 4 sons1023- 1 0 3 3 C y nfyn ap Gwerystan of Powys, during the minority of true heir, I a g o
ap Idwal ap Elisedd
1033-1039 Iago ap Idwal1039-1063 Gruffudd ap Llewelyn, by killing I a g o a n d f orcing his younger
brother, Cynan, to seek shelter in Ireland
NOTE: It may have been Aeddan ap Blegywryd who killed Cynan ap Hywel in 1 0 0 3 , b u t Idwal ap Elisedd was still alive c. 1014. Most would claim th a t I a g o a p Idwal ruled Gwynedd from 1023-1039, but we think he only bec a m e o l d e nough for kingship in 1033, the earliest date he is reported t o b e r u l i ng Gwynedd. It was a 25 year old Cynan ap Idwal who escaped to I r e l a n d in 1039, not the 4 year old Cynan ap Iago
APPENDIX III - Kings of Powys
915-945 Aeddan II ap Selyf I
945-975 Brochwel II ap Aeddan II, son
975-1007 Cadell ap Brochwel II, son
1007-1023 Llewelyn ap Seisyll, nephew of Cadell who had no son1023-10 3 9 C y n f yn ap Gwerystan, maternal grandson of Cadell, chosen as interi m k i n g
during minority of step-son Gruffudd ap Llewelyn
1039-1063 Gruffudd ap Llewelyn, true heir came of full age in 1039
NOTE: Except for the period of Gruffudd's minority, all Powys kings wer e t h e l e g ally designated heirs; obit dates for kings before Llewelyn ap S e i s y l l are not recorded, our dates are estimates
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== Sources ==
See also:
*John Edward Lloyd (1911). A history of Wales: from the earliest times t o t h e E d w ardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co. *John Edward Lloyd, R. T. J e n k i ns (1959), editors. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Oxford.
==Acknowledgements==
* This person was created on 14 April 2010 through the import of Jamie 2 0 1 0 _ 2 010-04-10.ged,* This person was created through the import of Acro s s t h e pond.ged on 21 February 2011. * WikiTree profile Llewelyn-52 crea t e d t h r ough the import of mike_walton_2011.ged on Aug 20, 2011 by [[Wal t o n - 5 14 | Mike Walton]]. See the [http://www.wikitree.com/index.php?tit l e = S p ecial:NetworkFeed&who=Llewelyn-52 Changes page] for the details of e d i t s b y M ike and others.* WikiTree profile Seisyllt-2 created through t h e i m p o rt of heinakuu2011-6.ged on Jul 5, 2011 by [[Amnelin-1 | Johann a A m n e l in]]. See the [http://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:N et w o r k Feed&who=Seisyllt-2 Changes page] for the details of edits by Joh a n n a a n d others.* WikiTree profile Seisyll-8 created through the import o f M u r p h y Family Tree.ged on Oct 4, 2011 by [[Murphy-1680 | Jason Murph y] ] . S e e t he [http://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:NetworkFe e d & w h o=Seisyll-8 Changes page] for the details of edits by Jason and ot h e r s . *This person was created on 21 March 2011 through the import of Ma r t i n _ O_Daniels_Lorentz_Toale.ged.*This person was created on 21 March 2 0 1 1 t h r ough the import of LJ Pellman Consolidated Family_2011-03-21.ged . * T h i s person was created through the import of master 11_12.ged on 21 O c t o b e r 2010. * WikiTree profile Galles-4 created through the import of S p e n c e r Family Tree 4 2002.GED on Nov 28, 2011 by [[Spencer-2442 | Chet S p e n c e r]]. See the [http://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Netw o r k F e ed&who=Galles-4 Changes page] for the details of edits by Chet and o t h e r s .* This person was created through the import of Bishop Family Tre e . g e d o n 18 February 2011. * This person was created through the import o f 1 0 4 - B .ged on 12 September 2010.
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980 - 1023 (43 years)
