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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1220 | - 1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220
working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
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| 2 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks
{\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely
- 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
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| 3 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 4 | 1297 | - 1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
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| 5 | 1298 | - 1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
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| 6 | 1301 | - 2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1301: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales
He became King Edward II
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| 7 | 1305 | - 1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
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| 8 | 1306 | - 1306—1306: Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
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| 9 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: King Edward II
King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli
- 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
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| 10 | 1314 | - 6 1314—24 Jun 1314: Battle of Bannockburn
Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\n}Resulted in Scottish independence
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| 11 | 1320 | - 1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
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| 12 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth
- 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
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| 13 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: King Edward III
King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer
- 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England
- 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
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| 14 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland
- 1328—1328: First sawmill
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| 15 | 1329 | - 1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
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| 16 | 1346 | - 1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
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| 17 | 1348 | - 1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England
Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
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| 18 | 1349 | - 1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
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| 19 | 1351 | - 1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
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| 20 | 1362 | - 1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts
Quarter Sessions established by statute
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| 21 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish
Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
- 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
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| 22 | 1370 | - 1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
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| 23 | 1371 | - 1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
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| 24 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: King Richard II
{\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f
- 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
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| 25 | 1381 | - 1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
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| 26 | 1382 | - 1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
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| 27 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
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| 28 | 1387 | - 1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
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| 29 | 1388 | - 1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
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| 30 | 1397 | - 1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London
He was Lord Mayor 4 times
- 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
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| 31 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: King Henry IV
King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel
- 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II
Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty
- 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
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| 32 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented
- 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
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| 33 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: Trigger invented
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| 34 | 1412 | - 1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
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| 35 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: King Henry V
King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun
- 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
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| 36 | 1415 | - 10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt
St. Crispin's Day
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| 37 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: Oil painting invented
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| 38 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
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| 39 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: King Henry VI
{\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen
- 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England
He was 9 months old
- 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
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| 40 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
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| 41 | 1437 | - 2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth
James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
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| 42 | 1451 | - 1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
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| 43 | 1453 | - 7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
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| 44 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
- 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
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Abt 1360 - 1456 (96 years)