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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1176 | - 1176—1209: London Bridge construction in stone started (from tax on wool) completed 1209
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| 2 | 1190 | - 1190—1280: 'Early English' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 3 | 1199 | - 1199—1216: King John
{\n}King John ( 1199 - 1216 ) {\n}{\n}1199 - John accedes to the throne on the death of his brother, Richard I.{\n}1204 - England loses most of its possessions in France.{\n}1205 - John refuses to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury{\n}1208
- 5 1199—19 Oct 1216: John Lackland
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta 1215
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| 4 | 1200 | - 1200—1200: Clothing buttons invented
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| 5 | 1202 | - 1202—1202: The Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician, Fibonacci
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| 6 | 1215 | - 6 1215—15 Jun 1215: Magna Carta signed at Runnymede by King John
First Lord Mayor's Show in London
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| 7 | 1216 | - 1216—1272: King Henry II
King Henry III ( 1216 - 1272 ) {\n}{\n}1216 - Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal{\n}1222 - De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the Frenc
- 10 1216—16 Nov 1272: Henry III
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227
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| 8 | 1220 | - 1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220
working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
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| 9 | 1222 | - 1222—1222: Introduction of poll tax in England
King Alexander II of Scotland conquers Argyll
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| 10 | 1228 | - 1228—1228: First recorded mention of the Royal Mint
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| 11 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: Cambridge University organised and grantred Royal Charter
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| 12 | 1237 | - 1237—1237: Treaty of York signed
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| 13 | 1247 | - 1247—1247: Foundation of Bedlam (Bethleham Hospital), London by Simon Fitzmary
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| 14 | 1248 | - 1248—1248: Charter granted to Oxford University by Henry II
c 1250 Royal Proclamation by Henry II are first government documents issued in English
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| 15 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula
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| 16 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: Gun invented in China
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| 17 | 1263 | - 1263—1263: Battle of Largs Ayrshire
King Alexander defeats Norwegian invaders under King Haakon
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| 18 | 1264 | - 1264—1264: First recorded reference to Justice of the Peace in England
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| 19 | 1265 | - 1265: Start of English Parliament
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| 20 | 1266 | - 1266—1266: Western Isles acquired by Scotland
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| 21 | 1268 | - 1268—1269: Invention of eyeglasses
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| 22 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks
{\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely
- 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
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| 23 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
- 1280—1280: Mechanical clocks invented
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| 24 | 1283 | - 1283—1283: Annexation of Wales to England
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| 25 | 1285 | - 1285—1290: Windmills invented
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| 26 | 1290 | - 1290—26 Sep 1290: Death of 'maid of Norway' heiress to the Scotish crown
Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\n}House of: Canmore{\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\n}Crowned: Not crowne
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| 27 | 1291 | - 1291—1292: Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland
between some eleven 'competitors' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed
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| 28 | 1292 | - 1292—1292: King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)
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| 29 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: signing of the "Auld Alliance" between Scotland and France
one of the world's oldest mutual defence treaties
- 1295—1295: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy
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| 30 | 1296 | - 1296—1296: Annexation of Scotland by England
Scotlands Coronation Stone the "Stone of Destiny" or "Stone of Scone" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily 'returned' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\n}Beginni
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| 31 | 1297 | - 1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
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| 32 | 1298 | - 1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
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| 33 | 1301 | - 2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1301: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales
He became King Edward II
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| 34 | 1305 | - 1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
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| 35 | 1306 | - 1306—1306: Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
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| 36 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: King Edward II
King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli
- 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
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| 37 | 1314 | - 6 1314—24 Jun 1314: Battle of Bannockburn
Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\n}Resulted in Scottish independence
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| 38 | 1320 | - 1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
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| 39 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth
- 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
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| 40 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: King Edward III
King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer
- 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England
- 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
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| 41 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland
- 1328—1328: First sawmill
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| 42 | 1329 | - 1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
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| 43 | 1346 | - 1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
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| 44 | 1348 | - 1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England
Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
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| 45 | 1349 | - 1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
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| 46 | 1351 | - 1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
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| 47 | 1362 | - 1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts
Quarter Sessions established by statute
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| 48 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish
Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
- 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
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| 49 | 1370 | - 1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
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| 50 | 1371 | - 1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
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| 51 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: King Richard II
{\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f
- 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
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| 52 | 1381 | - 1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
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| 53 | 1382 | - 1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
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| 54 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
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| 55 | 1387 | - 1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
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| 56 | 1388 | - 1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
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| 57 | 1397 | - 1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London
He was Lord Mayor 4 times
- 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
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| 58 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: King Henry IV
King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel
- 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II
Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty
- 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
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| 59 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented
- 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
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| 60 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: Trigger invented
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| 61 | 1412 | - 1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
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| 62 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: King Henry V
King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun
- 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
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| 63 | 1415 | - 10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt
St. Crispin's Day
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| 64 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: Oil painting invented
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| 65 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
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| 66 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: King Henry VI
{\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen
- 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England
He was 9 months old
- 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
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| 67 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
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| 68 | 1437 | - 2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth
James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
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| 69 | 1451 | - 1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
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| 70 | 1453 | - 7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
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| 71 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
- 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
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| 72 | 1457 | - 1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
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| 73 | 1460 | - 8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
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| 74 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: King Edward IV
King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com
- 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV
House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
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| 75 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames
- 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
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| 76 | 1468 | - 1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
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| 77 | 1472 | - 1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
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| 78 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
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| 79 | 1476 | - 1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
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| 80 | 1483 | - 1483—1483: King Edward V
King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were
- 1483—1485: King Richard III
{\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber
- 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V
House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 81 | 1484 | - 1484—1484: Introduction of bail
for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
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| 82 | 1485 | - 1485—1509: King Henry VII
King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a
- 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field
King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard
- 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute
- 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt
House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
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| 83 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
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| 84 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
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| 85 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines
- 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
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| 86 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
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| 87 | 1495 | - 1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
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1400 - 1496 (96 years)