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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 0940 | - 0940—0985: The reign of Harold Bluetooth. The Christian church is established in Denmark
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| 2 | 0972 | - 0972—0999: Boleslav II. Pobozny (Boleslaus II the Pious)
Son of Boleslav I.
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| 3 | 0978 | - 0978—1016: King Aethelred II The Unready
King Aethelred II The Unready ( 978 - 1016 ) {\n}{\n}980 - Danes renew their raids on England attacking Chester and Southampton{\n}991 - Battle of Maldon: Byrhtnoth of Essex is defeated by Danish invaders; Aethelred II buys off the Danes with 10,000 pound
- 0978—1016: Ethelred II the Unready
Saxon: 2nd son of Edgar, half-brother of Edward, married Emma of Normandy
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| 4 | 0999 | - 0999—1002: Boleslav III. Rysavy (Boleslaus III the Red-haired)
Son of Boleslav II.
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| 5 | 1000 | - 1000—1004: Viking explorations
Lief Ericsson explores coast of Labrador and Newfoundland
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| 6 | 1002 | - 1002—1003: Vladivoj Of the Piast dynasty (?).
Said to be first cousin of Boleslav III. Polish name Wladywoj.
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| 7 | 1003 | - 1003—1003: Boleslav III.
Second time
- 1003—1004: Boleslav Chrabry (Boleslaus the Brave) Of the Piast dynasty;
Brother of Vladivoj (?). Duke - later king - of Poland (as Boleslaw I Chrobry). The fourth Bohemian ruler with name Boleslav but noted under his original name (without ordinal number).
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| 8 | 1004 | - 1004—1012: Jarom¡r
Brother of Boleslav III.
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| 9 | 1012 | - 1012—1033: Oldrich
Brother of Jarom¡r. Also known as Odalrich, Udalrich, Ulrich.
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| 10 | 1013 | - 1013—1013: Union of Denmark and England
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| 11 | 1016 | - 1016—1016: King Edmund II Ironside
{\n}King Edmund II lronside ( 1016 ) {\n}{\n}1016 - Edmund Ironside, son of Aethelred II the Unready of England, becomes King. At the battle of Abingdon, in Essex, King Canute II of Denmark defeats Edmund. They meet on the Isle of Alney in the Severn and
- 1016—1035: King Cnut (Canute)
King Cnut (Canute) ( 1016 - 1035 ) {\n}{\n}1017 - Canute marries Emma of Normandy, the widow of Ethelred II. Canute divides England into four earldoms - Northumbria Wessex, Mercia and East Anglia. {\n}1027 - Canute make a pilgrimage to Rome to demonstrate
- 1016—1017: Edmund II Ironside
Saxon: Eldest son of Ethelred II, King of London
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| 12 | 1017 | - 1017—1035: Canute the Dane
Dane: By conquest and election. Gave Wessex to Edmund, married Emma
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| 13 | 1023 | - 1023—1023: First paper money printed in China
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| 14 | 1033 | - 1033—1034: Jarom¡r
Second time
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| 15 | 1034 | - 1034—1034: Oldrich
Second time
- 1034—1055: Bretislav I. (Bretislaus)
Son of Oldrich.
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| 16 | 1035 | - 1035—1040: King Harold I Harefoot
King Harold I Harefoot ( 1035 - 1040 ) {\n}{\n}1035 - Canute's son Harold Harefoot usurps the throne from his half-brother, Harthacanute, the rightful heir.
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| 17 | 1036 | - 1036—1040: Harald I, Harefoot
Dane: Natural son of Canute
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| 18 | 1040 | - 1040—1042: King Harthacnut
King Harthacnut ( 1040 - 1042 ) {\n}{\n}1040 - Harold Harefoot dies and Harthacanute accedes to the throne
- 1040—1042: Hardecanute
Dane: Son of Canute by Emma, Danish King
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| 19 | 1042 | - 1042—1066: King Edward The Confessor
King Edward The Confessor ( 1042 - 1066 ) {\n}{\n}1042 - Harthacanute dies and is succeded by Edward the Confessor, son of Aethelred II.{\n}1051 - Edward marries Edith daughter of Earl Godwine of Wessex, but quarrels with Godwine and banishes the rebellio
- 1042—1066: Edward the Confessor
Saxon: Son of Ethelred II (Canonized 1161)
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| 20 | 1045 | - 1045—1045: Movable type printing by Bi Sheng in China
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| 21 | 1050 | - 1050—1050: Crossbow invented in France
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| 22 | 1055 | - 1055—1061: Spytihnev II.
Son of Bretislav I.
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| 23 | 1061 | - 1061—1092: Vratislav II
Brother of Spytihnev II. King 1085-1092 as Vratislav I.
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| 24 | 1066 | - 1066—1066: King Harold
King Harold II ( 1066 ) {\n}{\n}1066 - Harold II fights a Viking force under Harold Hadrada and defeats them at Stamford Bridge. He hastily marches South at the news that William Duke of Normandy with 100 ships had landed on Penvensey Bay and marched into
- 1066—1066: Harold II
Saxon: Edward's brother-in-law, last Saxon King
- 1 Jun 1066—6 Jan 1066: Edward the Confessor dies
6th January 1066 Edward the Confessor Dies - Harold 11 reigned for 9 months
- 10 1066—1087: King William I The Conqueror
1066 - William and his Norman army defeat Harold II and the Saxons at the Battle of Hastings. Harold is killed and, after subduing the rest of the country, William is crowned King of England.{\n}1067 - William suppresses a Saxon revolt in the southwest of
- 10 1066—14 Oct 1066: Invasion of England
Invasion of England by Duke William of Normanduy{\n}Battle of Hastings
- 9 1066—25 Sep 1066: Battle of Stamford Bridge
Harold 11 defeats Norwegian invasion
- 12 1066—25 Dec 1066: William crowned King of England at Winchester
- 12 1066—9 Sep 1087: William I the Conqueror
Norman: Second cousin to Edward the Confessor, by conquest. Defeated Harold at Hastings.
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| 25 | 1069 | - 1069—1069: King Malcolm Canmore of Scotland marries Margaret (St. Margaret)
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| 26 | 1071 | - 1071—1071: Norman conquest of England complete
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| 27 | 1072 | - 1072—1072: King Malcolm 111 of Scotland submitted to William the Conqueror c 1070
Re-construction of Canterbury Cathedral begins: The Saxon Cathedral burned down in 1067.{\n}Lanfrac, frist Norman Archbishop, restored and enlarged it's buildings between 1067 and 1077{\n}A new Quire was consecrated in 1130 but burned down in 1174, four y
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| 28 | 1079 | - 1079—1079: Construction of Winchester Cathedral begins (consectraed in 1093 but not completed until 1404
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| 29 | 1081 | - 1081—1081: Building of Tower of London starts (others say 1067)
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| 30 | 1086 | - 1086—1086: Compilation of Domesday Book
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| 31 | 1087 | - 1087—1100: King William II
King William II Rufus ( 1087 - 1100 ) {\n}{\n}1087 - William Il accedes to the throne on the death of his father, William I.{\n}1088 - William crushes a baronial rebellion in Normandy led by his uncle, Odo of Bayenx, William's brother, Robert supports the
- 9 1087—2 Aug 1100: William II (Rufus)
Norman: 3rd son of William I, accidentally killed by arrow while hunting.
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| 32 | 1092 | - 1092—1100: Bretislav II
Nephew of Konr d I, son of Vratislav II.
- 1092—1092: Konr d I. Brnensky (Conrad of Brno)
Brother of Vratislav II.
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| 33 | 1098 | - 1098—1098: Expedition of Magnus Barelegs to Scottish coasts
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| 34 | 1100 | - 1100—1135: King Henry I
King Henry I ( 1100 - 1135 ) {\n}{\n}1100 - Henry I succeeds his brother, William II.{\n}1100 - Henry issues a Charter of Liberties, pledging good governance.{\n}1100 - Henry marries Edith known as Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. {\n}1101 -
- 8 May 1100—1 Dec 1135: Henry I Beauclerc
Norman: Youngest son of William I
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| 35 | 1101 | - 1101—1107: Borivoj II
Brother of Bretislav II.
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| 36 | 1102 | - 1102—1102: Synod of Westminster under St. Anselm forbids clergy to marry
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| 37 | 1107 | - 1107—1109: Svatopluk Olomoucky (Sventopluk of Olomouc)
First cousin of Borivoj II.
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| 38 | 1109 | - 1109—1117: Vladislav I. (Vladislaus)
Brother of Borivoj II.
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| 39 | 1110 | - 1110—1110: Introductions in England of Pipe Rolls, recording exchequer payments
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| 40 | 1117 | - 1117—1120: Borivoj II
Second time
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| 41 | 1120 | - 1120—1120: First reference in Scotland to Burghs and Sheriffs
- 1120—1125: Vladislav I
Second time
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| 42 | 1125 | - 1125—1140: Sobeslav I. (Sobeslaus)
Brother of Vladislav I.
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| 43 | 1135 | - 1135—1154: King Stephen
{\n}King Stephen ( 1135 - 1154 ) {\n}1135 - Stephen usurps the throne from Matilda, Henry 1's daughter.{\n}1136 - The Earl of Norfolk leads the first rebellion against Stephen.{\n}1138 - Robert, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I, deserts
- 12 1135—25 Oct 1154: Stephen
Norman: Son of Adela,daugher of William I, and Count of Blois
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| 44 | 1138 | - 1138—1138: Battle of The Standard
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| 45 | 1140 | - 1140—1172: Vladislav II
Nephew of Sobeslav I, son of Duke Vladislav I. King 1158-1172 as Vladislav I.
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| 46 | 1154 | - 1154—1189: King Henry II
King Henry II ( 1154 - 1189 ) {\n}{\n}1154 - Henry II accedes to the throne at the age of 21 upon the death of his second cousin, Stephen.{\n}1155 - Henry appoints Thomas a Becket as Chancellor of England, a post that he holds for seven years.{\n}1155 - P
- 12 Apr 1154—1 Sep 1159: Nicholas Breakspear (Adrian IV) becomes only English Pope. Died 1.9.1159.
- 12 1154—6 Jul 1189: Henry II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Godfrey Plantagenet (Angevin) by Matilda, daughter of Henry I
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| 47 | 1163 | - 1163—1163: Danegeld tax abolished
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| 48 | 1166 | - 1166—1166: Establishment of trial by jury
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| 49 | 1170 | - 12 1170—29 Dec 1170: Murder of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury Cathedral
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| 50 | 1172 | - 1172—1172: Pope decrees that Henry II of England is feudal lord of Ireland
- 1172—1173: Bedrich (Frederick)
Son of Vladislav II.
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| 51 | 1173 | - 1173—1178: Sobeslav II
First cousin once removed of Bedrich, Son of Sobeslav I.
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| 52 | 1175 | - 1175—1175: Treaty of Falaise signed - William the Lyon surrenders Scottish crown to King Henry II of England
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| 53 | 1176 | - 1176—1209: London Bridge construction in stone started (from tax on wool) completed 1209
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| 54 | 1178 | - 1178—1189: Bedrich
Second time
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| 55 | 1182 | - 1182—1182: Magnetic compass invented
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| 56 | 1189 | - 1189—1199: Richard I 'Lionheart' becomes King of England. Dies 1199. -
Acknowledges the independence of Scotland.{\n}1.9.1189, Legal Memory dates from accession of Richard I
- 1189—1199: King Richard I The Lion Heart
King Richard I The Lion Heart ( 1189 - 1199 ) {\n}{\n}1189 - Richard I becomes King of England upon the death of Henry II{\n}1189 - William Longchamp is appointed Chancellor of England and governs the country during Richard's absence abroad{\n}1189 - Rich
- 1189—1191: Konr d II. Ota (Conrad-Otto)
Descendant of Konr d I.
- 1189—1199: Richard I the Lionhearted
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader
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| 57 | 1190 | - 1190—1280: 'Early English' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 58 | 1191 | - 1191—1192: V clav II
Brother of Sobeslav II.
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| 59 | 1192 | - 1192—1193: Premysl I. Otakar (Ottokar I)
Son of Vladislav II.
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| 60 | 1193 | - 1193—1197: Jindrich Bretislav (Henry Bretislaus)
First cousin of Premysl I. Otakar.
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| 61 | 1197 | - 1197—1197: Vladislav (III.) Jindrich (Vladislaus III Henry)
Brother of Premysl I. Otakar.
- 1197—1198: Premysl I. Otakar
Second time. Became King in 1198, and his descendants retained the title.
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| 62 | 1199 | - 1199—1216: King John
{\n}King John ( 1199 - 1216 ) {\n}{\n}1199 - John accedes to the throne on the death of his brother, Richard I.{\n}1204 - England loses most of its possessions in France.{\n}1205 - John refuses to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury{\n}1208
- 5 1199—19 Oct 1216: John Lackland
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta 1215
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| 63 | 1200 | - 1200—1200: Clothing buttons invented
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| 64 | 1202 | - 1202—1202: The Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician, Fibonacci
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| 65 | 1215 | - 6 1215—15 Jun 1215: Magna Carta signed at Runnymede by King John
First Lord Mayor's Show in London
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| 66 | 1216 | - 1216—1272: King Henry II
King Henry III ( 1216 - 1272 ) {\n}{\n}1216 - Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal{\n}1222 - De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the Frenc
- 10 1216—16 Nov 1272: Henry III
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227
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| 67 | 1220 | - 1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220
working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
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| 68 | 1222 | - 1222—1222: Introduction of poll tax in England
King Alexander II of Scotland conquers Argyll
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| 69 | 1228 | - 1228—1228: First recorded mention of the Royal Mint
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| 70 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: Cambridge University organised and grantred Royal Charter
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| 71 | 1237 | - 1237—1237: Treaty of York signed
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| 72 | 1247 | - 1247—1247: Foundation of Bedlam (Bethleham Hospital), London by Simon Fitzmary
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| 73 | 1248 | - 1248—1248: Charter granted to Oxford University by Henry II
c 1250 Royal Proclamation by Henry II are first government documents issued in English
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| 74 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula
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| 75 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: Gun invented in China
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| 76 | 1263 | - 1263—1263: Battle of Largs Ayrshire
King Alexander defeats Norwegian invaders under King Haakon
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| 77 | 1264 | - 1264—1264: First recorded reference to Justice of the Peace in England
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| 78 | 1266 | - 1266—1266: Western Isles acquired by Scotland
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| 79 | 1268 | - 1268—1269: Invention of eyeglasses
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| 80 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks
{\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely
- 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
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| 81 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
- 1280—1280: Mechanical clocks invented
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| 82 | 1283 | - 1283—1283: Annexation of Wales to England
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| 83 | 1285 | - 1285—1290: Windmills invented
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| 84 | 1290 | - 1290—26 Sep 1290: Death of 'maid of Norway' heiress to the Scotish crown
Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\n}House of: Canmore{\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\n}Crowned: Not crowne
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| 85 | 1291 | - 1291—1292: Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland
between some eleven 'competitors' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed
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| 86 | 1292 | - 1292—1292: King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)
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| 87 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: signing of the "Auld Alliance" between Scotland and France
one of the world's oldest mutual defence treaties
- 1295—1295: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy
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| 88 | 1296 | - 1296—1296: Annexation of Scotland by England
Scotlands Coronation Stone the "Stone of Destiny" or "Stone of Scone" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily 'returned' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\n}Beginni
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| 89 | 1297 | - 1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
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| 90 | 1298 | - 1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
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| 91 | 1301 | - 2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1301: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales
He became King Edward II
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| 92 | 1305 | - 1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
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| 93 | 1306 | - 1306—1306: Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
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| 94 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: King Edward II
King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli
- 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
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| 95 | 1314 | - 6 1314—24 Jun 1314: Battle of Bannockburn
Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\n}Resulted in Scottish independence
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| 96 | 1320 | - 1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
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| 97 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth
- 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
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| 98 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: King Edward III
King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer
- 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England
- 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
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| 99 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland
- 1328—1328: First sawmill
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| 100 | 1329 | - 1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
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| 101 | 1346 | - 1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
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| 102 | 1348 | - 1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England
Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
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| 103 | 1349 | - 1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
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| 104 | 1351 | - 1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
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| 105 | 1362 | - 1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts
Quarter Sessions established by statute
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| 106 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish
Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
- 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
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| 107 | 1370 | - 1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
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| 108 | 1371 | - 1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
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| 109 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: King Richard II
{\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f
- 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
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| 110 | 1381 | - 1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
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| 111 | 1382 | - 1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
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| 112 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
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| 113 | 1387 | - 1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
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| 114 | 1388 | - 1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
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| 115 | 1397 | - 1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London
He was Lord Mayor 4 times
- 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
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| 116 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: King Henry IV
King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel
- 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II
Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty
- 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
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| 117 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented
- 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
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| 118 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: Trigger invented
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| 119 | 1412 | - 1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
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| 120 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: King Henry V
King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun
- 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
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| 121 | 1415 | - 10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt
St. Crispin's Day
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| 122 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: Oil painting invented
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| 123 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
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| 124 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: King Henry VI
{\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen
- 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England
He was 9 months old
- 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
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| 125 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
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| 126 | 1437 | - 2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth
James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
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| 127 | 1451 | - 1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
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| 128 | 1453 | - 7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
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| 129 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
- 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
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| 130 | 1457 | - 1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
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| 131 | 1460 | - 8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
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| 132 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: King Edward IV
King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com
- 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV
House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
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| 133 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames
- 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
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| 134 | 1468 | - 1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
|
| 135 | 1472 | - 1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
|
| 136 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
|
| 137 | 1476 | - 1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
|
| 138 | 1483 | - 1483—1483: King Edward V
King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were
- 1483—1485: King Richard III
{\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber
- 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V
House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 139 | 1484 | - 1484—1484: Introduction of bail
for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
|
| 140 | 1485 | - 1485—1509: King Henry VII
King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a
- 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field
King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard
- 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute
- 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt
House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
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| 141 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
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| 142 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
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| 143 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines
- 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
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| 144 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
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| 145 | 1495 | - 1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
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| 146 | 1497 | - 1497—1497: Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes
- 1497—1497: John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations
John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton
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| 147 | 1499 | - 16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
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| 148 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations
Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland
- 1500—1500: The first flush toilets appeared
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| 149 | 1503 | - 1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)
- 1503—1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
- 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
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| 150 | 1505 | - 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
- 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
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| 151 | 1506 | - 22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
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| 152 | 1507 | - 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of
Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
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| 153 | 1508 | - 1508—1508: Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
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| 154 | 1509 | - 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
- 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547)
- 1509—1547: King Henry VIII
{\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\n}{\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\n}1513 - The
- 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old
- 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
- 4 1509—28 Jan 1547: Henry VIII
House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV
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| 155 | 1510 | - 1510—1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel
- 1510—1510: Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
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| 156 | 1512 | - 1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice
versa
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
the "Auld Alliance" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa
- Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for
the first time
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| 157 | 1513 | - 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army
Death of King James IV of Scots
- 1513—1513: Urs Graf invents etching
- 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at
Guinegate
- 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
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| 158 | 1514 | - 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
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| 159 | 1515 | - 15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
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| 160 | 1516 | - 1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
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| 161 | 1517 | - 31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as
start of the Reformation
- 10 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg
regarded as start of the Reformation
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| 162 | 1518 | - 1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France,
England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored
by Cardinal Wolsey
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| 163 | 1520 | - Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of
Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
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| 164 | 1521 | - 17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant
his teachings
- 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
- 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of
Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
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| 165 | 1522 | - 6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition,
becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
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| 166 | 1523 | - 1523—1523: Sweden leaves the union
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| 167 | 1525 | - 1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
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| 168 | 1527 | - 1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
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| 169 | 1528 | - 1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
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| 170 | 1529 | - 1529—1529: Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
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| 171 | 1531 | - 11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
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| 172 | 1532 | - 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
- 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
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| 173 | 1533 | - 25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen
on 1st June)
- 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
- 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
- 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
- 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
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| 174 | 1534 | - 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence
Cartier claims land for France
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| 175 | 1535 | - 1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
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| 176 | 1536 | - 1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monastries starts in England
- 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed
- 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th
October)
- 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
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| 177 | 1537 | - 24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future
Edward VI
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| 178 | 1538 | - 1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible
- 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
- 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
- 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
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| 179 | 1540 | - 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
- 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
9th February - First recorded horse racing event in Britain at Chester
- 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4
- 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester
- 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves
- 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day,
wife #5
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| 180 | 1541 | - 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
- 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
- 1541—1541: First French settlement
Charlesbourg-Royal settlement esatablished by Cartier
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Abt 1515 - Aft 1540 (> 26 years)