England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade

England goes to war with Spain -

16th June Battle of Dettingen - last time British soveriegn (George II) led troops into battle

Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers

Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodist or Inghamites

War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain

Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York

Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival

Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival

Last French-rule census

John Wesley has his conversion experience

Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers

Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)

Kent's Directory published

Kent's Directory

John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry

Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years

Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax

Excise crisis; Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine

John Kay invents the flying shuttle

Covent Garden Opera House opens

Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls

Invention of sextant by John Hadley

Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]

Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull

Irish famine

Rococo Period (Art and Antiques)

Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar

Methodists begin in Oxford

George II

George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king

Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland

Board of Manufactoring established in Scotland

King George II

Indian Treaties Signed PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison

First circulating library opened in Edinburgh

First circulating library opened in Edinburgh

Treaty of Hanover: France, Prussia, England v. Spain, Austria

Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)

Rapid growth of gin drinking in England

Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer

The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse

The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827

Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate

Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate

Drummer's War

Knatchbull's Act, poor laws

Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland

Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland

French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher

Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)

Robert Walpole (whig) becaomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)

Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England

Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth

South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes control of National Debt

The French begin construction of the fortress at Louisbourg

Irish Famine

South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Esxchange Alley

Third abortive Jacobite rising

Third abortive Jacobite rising

First Masonic Lodge opens in London

Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings

First Masonic Lodge opens in London

Edmond Halley invents the diving bell

Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair

The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)

The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption -

Census of Acadia

Riot Act passed

Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')

Riot Act passed

Scots support James Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.

Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).

George I

Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism

Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England

Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).

1st August - Queen Anne Stuart died - George I Hanover becomes king

King George I

Census of Acadia

By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London

Treaty of Utrecht

Treaty of Utrecht concludes the Was of the Spanish Succession

Nova Scotia created

Treaty of Utrecht

British Fleet runs aground on Ile-aux-Oeufs PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans

Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)

Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)

Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1835)

Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine

First race meeting at Ascot

Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London

Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London

Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork

Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced

Port-Royal falls to the British

Tax on Apprentice Indentures

Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe

Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain

First Copyright Act pass

Second Eddystone lighthouse completed

First Copyright Act passed

Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano

Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls

First Jacobite rising in Scotland

Queen Anne's war breaks out

First Jacobite rising in Scotland

Census of Acadia

English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time

Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March

1st January - Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading pri

Census of Acadia

The Act of Union is formed between Scotland and England, creating Great Britain.

First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London

Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)

First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711)

First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newman

Battle of Blenheim

Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military

Newfoundland census

Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)

British take Gibraltar

Eighth Acadian census

Repeal of Duties on entries in Parish Registers

Census of Acadia

Anne

First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)

Anne Stuart becomes Queen

8th March - Anne Stuart becomes Queen

Queen Anne

Queen Ann Period (Art & Antiques)

Queen Anne's War

War of Spanish Succession

After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London

Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne

Founding of Petitcodiac

Act of Parliament bars Catholice from the British throne

Census of Acadia

Jethro Tull invents the seed drill

Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million

Census of Acadia

Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier

Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire

Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery

Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama

Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years

Invention of steam engine by Captain Thomas Savery

Census of Acadia

Englishmen, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump

Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral

Treaty of Ryswick

2nd December - Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral

William III

Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses

Freedom of Press in England granted

Bank of Scotland founded

Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706)

Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'

Freedom of the Press

Census of Acadia

Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)

National Debt came into effect in England

Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland

Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler

Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years

Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)

National Deb came into effect in England

Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane

Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne

Census of Acadia

Newfoundland census

The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald

Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Ta

French intention to invade England came to nothing

The Massacre of Glencoe

French intention to invade England came to naught

Earliest date in known German Lutheran registers

Newfoundland census

England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II

William III and Mary II

The British capture Port-Royal

Great Synagogue founded

Port-Royal captured

The Presbyterian Church is permanently restored and becomes the Church of Scotland.

Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or wage war

Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland - Jacobites defeated Government troops but at high cost

Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists

Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690)

William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)

Devonport naval dockyard established

King William III and Queen Mary II

Deposed James VII and II flees to Ireland

King William's War

French - Five Nations Indian war

Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)

William of Orange lands at Torbay

The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates

Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens - later became Lloyd's of London

British Army raised to 40,000

Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament

Hearth Tax abolished

Mutiny Act

February: Edward Lloyds Coffee House - later became Lloyd's of London

Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' - written in Latin

James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics and non-conformists

St-Charles des Mines Church is built at Grand-Pré

Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs

Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs

Census of Acadia

James II

James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men

Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland

Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported

Earl of Argyll's invasion of Scotland

King James II

Presbyterian settlement in Stuart's Town in South Carolina

Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain

Wild boar become extinct in Britain

6th June: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum on Britain

Founding of Grand-Pré

Pennsylvania founded by William Penn

Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland

Halley observes the comet which bears his name

Pennsylvania founded by William Penn

Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament

Oil lighting first used in London streets

Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament

William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post

Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting

William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post

Chinoiserie Period (Art and Antiques)

Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to time)

Tories first so named

27th May: Haveas Corpus Act became law in England

Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker

Extension of Test Act to peers

Extension of Test Act to peers

The first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britiannica" published -

Census of Acadia

Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published

Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published

Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes

Robert Hooke invents the universal joint

Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started

King Philip's War

John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England

Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury

Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710)

Beginning of Whig Party under Shaftsbury

Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch

Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern coast of North America) to Britain

First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office

First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office

First European settlement in Great Lakes Region

Founding of Beaubassin

High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland

War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men

High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland

Comte de Frontenac governs New France

Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels

First Acadian Census

Census of Acadia

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine

King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover

Hudson's Bay Company formed

Treaty of Breda

Earliest Synagogue registers - Bevis Marks

Dom Pérignon invents Champagne

The first reference to a candy cane is made

Last entry in Pepys's diary

Earliest Lutheran registers survive from this year

British East India Company obtains control of Bombay

Newton constructs reflecting telescope

Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope

Treaty of Breda

Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)

Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester

Newton formulated Laws of Gravity

2nd to 6th September; Great Fire of London,

Considerable religious unrest on Scotland (The Covenanteers)

First New World Census

The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United Kingdom

Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000

Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain

Great Plague of London

Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col. Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York

Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common Pray

Earliest Roman Cathilic registers

Great Québec earthquake

Québec becomes a crown colony (royal province) of France

James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope

Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established - E

'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)

Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)

Tea introduced to Britain

Hearth Tax

Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!

Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland

Board of Trade founded in London

Hand-struck postage stamps first used

Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office

Persectution of Non-Conformists in England

First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)

Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society

Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn

Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened

Charles II

Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed

Provincial Probate Courts re-established

Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom

Composition of light discovered by Newton

Honourable East India Company founded by British

1st January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary

Quaker-Scottish colony was established in East New Jersey

King Charles II

Restoration Period

Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region

Samuel Pepys starts his diary

Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn

Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK

6th February - date of first known cheque to be drawn

Lake Superior explored

Death of Oliver Cromwell

Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector

Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)

Death of Oliver Cromwell

Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector

Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]

A few Jews permitted to settle in England

Post Office established by Act of Parliament (others say 1660)

Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock

Fort Port-Royal is captured by the British

Fort Port-Royal captured by the British

Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament

Commonwealth registers start

Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land

Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London

Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London

Commonwealther registers start

Battle of Worcester

The second English Civil War (1651-1652)

Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America

The second English Civil War

Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector

Coffee brought to England about this time

George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers)

Otto von Guericke invents a air pump

Theatres banned by Cromwell

Christmas banned by Cromwell

Commonwealth declared

King Charles I executed

'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial

Cromwell's Irish campaign starts

King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland

30th June: King Charles I executed

Commonwealth period - Oliver Cromwell

Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox

First practical thermometers made

Earliest Baptist registers survive from this year

Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford

Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark

20th June: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford

Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces

Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland

Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia - population of Scotland estimated at 420,000

Plague made its last appearance in Scotland

Battle of Philipburgh in Scotland

Battle of Marston Moor, near York - Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists

Battle of Cropredy Bridge - Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces

Earlist Indepenent (Congregational) registers

Battle of Alton - victory for Parliamentarians - Sir Richard Bolle killed in St Lawrence's church

Solomn League and Covenrant signed in Scotland

Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer

Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand

Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)

Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London

Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to 1649)

The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers

English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)

22nd August - Charles I raises his standard at Nottinngham -

Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine

50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster

Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England

Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland

Charles I policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England -

Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish invasion

Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration

Act of Toleration in England established religious tolerance

King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose between their church and the King - a ?Covenant' swearing to resist these changes to the Death was signed in Greyfriars Church Edinburgh and was accepted by hun

Charles regarded protests against the prayer book as treason

Scottish Prayer Book published

Pequot War

Arrival of the St. Jehan in Port-Royal

PRE-DEPORTATION PERIOD

Hackney Carriages in use by now in London

Hackney Carriages in use by now in London

W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer

Letter Office of England & Scotland started

Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)

Letter Office of England and Scotland started

Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory

Isaac de Razilly arrives at Le Heve

Isaac de Razilly sails from LaRochelle

Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye

Québec returned to France by the 'Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye'

Samuel de Champlain named the first Governor of New France

Renaissance Period - Art and Antiques

Baroque Period (Art and Antiques)

European diseases/epidemics kill indians

Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 yea

Parliament desolved by King Charles I -

Québec captured by Britain

Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine

Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date

Charles I

The Company of One Hundred Associates formed to colonize New France

Death of King James VI & I

The size of bricks standardised in England around this time

King Charles I

The size of bricks standardised in England around this time

Carolean Age

Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion

Monopoly Act in England: patents protected

Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)

Monopoly Act in England - patents protected

William Oughtred invents a slide ruler

First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News'

First Englaish Newspaper appears

Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof

Chimneys to be made of brick and be four and half feet above roof

(Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)

Pilgrim Fathers land at Plymouth Rock

Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley

The Mayflower reaches America

The earliest human-powered submarine invented

(Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas)

Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I

Register of Sasines (Land Leases) established in Scotland -

Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare

Death of Shakespeare (23rd April)

The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth (finally pulled down in 1644)

A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small

James VI & I created the title of baronet

Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain

Plantation of Ulster with English and Scottish colonists

James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted and many of their records lost

James VI established the Episcopal Church in Scotland -

Henry Hudson explorations

First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in Jan 1610

Québec founded

Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope

Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in North America

Jamestown is established

Flight of the Earls - leading Ulster families go into exile

Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)

Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed

The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America

Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)

12th April Adoption of Union Jack as the flag of "Great Britain"

Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)

First Acadian settlement in Port-Royal

Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes)

Settlement of New France

James I

Shakespeare: Othello' first presented

EXPLORATION PERIOD

First Acadian settlement on Saint-Croix Island

Settlement of New France

Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain

Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)

King James I

24th March - Death of Queen Elizabeth I

The crowns of England and Scotland unite.

Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public

Dutch East India Company founded

Great English Poor Law Act passed

First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster

Great English Poor Law passed

British East India Company founded

Memoirs of Officers of the Royal Navy begin

The calendar changes from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar.

Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)

Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre

Bishops transcript of English and Welsh parish registers start [some say 1597]

Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed

Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor -

Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)

British statute mile established by law

British statute mile established by law

Galileo invents a water thermometer

A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London

Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown

A congregational (or Independant) Church formed in London.

The Presbyterian Church is formally established.

Trinity College, Dublin, founded

Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope

Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine

Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines

Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)

Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright

29th July Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)

Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour

Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough

Introduction of potatoes to England

Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by English at Fotheringay Castle near Peterborough

Foundation of Oxford University Press

Foundation of Oxford University Press

Colonial State Papers published

Elizabeth I

Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins

Queen Elizabeth I

Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury