Died ( Sarah Elizabeth Spalding)

Died (Joseph Gregory Buckman)

Buried (Joseph Gregory Buckman)

Bernard Gabriel Buckman (1899 - 1920)

Maurice Augustin Buckman (1897 - 1975)

Joseph William Buckman (1894 - 1969)

John Robert Buckman (1891 - 1960)

Margaret Julia Buckman (1889 - 1977)

Albert Aloysius Buckman (1886 - 1970)

Cora Monica Buckman (1883 - 1953)

Claude L. Buckman (1881 - 1888)

Claudia Legoria Buckman (1881 - 1888)

Married Sarah Elizabeth Spalding

Claudie Buckman (1879 - 1880)

Rose Ophelia Buckman (1879 - 1890)

Annie Buckman (1876 - 0000)

Mary Lula Buckman (1875 - 1944)

Sarah Elizabeth Spalding (1854 - 1932)

Joseph Gregory Buckman (1853 - 1930)

50p coin introduced in Britain (reduced in size 1998)

First episode of 'Monty Python's Flying Circus' recorded

Civil disturbances in Ulster - Britain sends troops to support civil authorities

Halfpenny ceases to be legal tender in Britain

Maiden voyage of liner Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2)

Voting age lowered from 21 to 18

Victoria Line tube opens in London

Maiden flight of 'Concorde', at Toulouse

Richard Nixon

Canadian Armed Forces established PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The arpanet (first internet) invented

The artificial heart invented

The ATM invented

The bar-code scanner is invented

Beginning of disturbances in N Ireland

Two-tier postal rate starts in Britain

Last steam passenger train service ran in Britain (Carlisle- Liverpool)

Manchester United first English club to win the European Cup

Issue of 5p and 10p decimal coins in Britain

Enoch Powell 'Rivers of Blood' speech on immigration

London Bridge sold (and eventually moved to Arizona) - modern London Bridge, built around it as it was demolished, was opened in Mar 1973

British Standard Time introduced - Summer Time became permanent but arguments prevailed and Britain reverted to GMT in October 1971

The computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart

The first computer with integrated circuits made

Robert Dennard invented RAM (random access memory)

Introduction of majority verdicts in English courts

25th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

BBC Radios 1 2 3 & 4 open first record played on Radio 1 was the controversial 'Flowers in the Rain' by 'The Move'

'Queen Mary' arrives Southampton at end of her last transatlantic voyage

'QE2' launched on Clydebank

Offshore pirate radio stations declared illegal by the UK

First colour TV in Britain

First withdrawal from a cash dispenser (ATM) in Britain - at Enfield branch of Barclays

Francis Chichester arrives in Plymouth after solo circumnavigation in Gipsy Moth IV (he was knighted 7th July at Greenwich by the queen using the sword with which Elizabeth I had knighted Sir Francis Drake four centuries earlier

'Torrey Canyon' oil tanker runs aground off Lands End first major oil spill

Donald Campbell dies attempting to break his world water speed record on Conniston Water - his body and Bluebird recovered in 2002

The first handheld calculator invented

First Christmas stamps issued in Britain

Aberfan disaster - slag heap slip kills 144, incl. 116 children

First Severn road bridge opens

World Cup won by England at Wembley (4-2 in extra time v West Germany)

'The Times' begins to print news on its front page in place of classified Advertisements

Canadian Flag changed PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Australia converts from ? to $

Electronic Fuel injection for cars invented

70mph speed limit introduced on British roads

24th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Death penalty for murder suspended in Britain for five-year trial period, then abolished 18 Dec 1969

Post Office Tower operational in London

TV cigarette advertising banned in Britain

25th Amendment passed by Congress

Winston Churchill dies

First US raids against North Vietnam

Canadian troops in Cyprus

Britain enacts first Race Relations Act

Astroturf invented

Soft contact lenses invented

NutraSweet invented

The compact disk invented by James Russell

Kevlar invented by Stephanie Louise Kwolek

Lyndon B. Johnson

Forth road bridge opens

'Match of the Day' starts on BBC2

BBC2 TV launched

First Greater London Council (GLC) election

24th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Social Insurance cards first issued

Acrylic paint invented

Permanent-press fabric invented

BASIC (an early computer language) is invented by John George Kemeny and Tom Kurtz

First 'Top of the Pops' on BBC TV

First episode of 'Dr Who' on BBC TV

Lyndon B. Johnson

Dartford Tunnel opens

Fylingdales (Yorks) early warning system operational

'Great Train Robbery' on Glasgow to London mail train

Minimum prison age raised to 17

23rd Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Beeching Report on British Railways (the 'Beeching Axe')

France vetoes Britain's entry into EEC

The first videodisc invented

Cold weather forces cancellation of most football matches (only 4 English First Division matches in the month) - the first 'pools panel' created

Cuba missile crisis - brink of nuclear war

John F. Kennedy

First TV transmission between US and Europe (Telstar) - first live broadcast on 23 Jul

First passenger-carrying hovercraft enters service, along the North Wales Coast from Moreton to Rhyl

First nuclear generated electricity to supplied National Grid (from Berkeley Glos)

Consecration of new Coventry Cathedral (old destroyed in WW2 blitz)

Bay of Pigs Invasion PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Trans-Canada Highway officially opens

Medicare introduced in Saskatchewan

Britain and France agree to construct 'Concorde'

Thalidomide withdrawn after it causes deformities in babies

Britain passes Commonwealth Immigrants Act to control immigration

The audio cassette invented

The fiber-tip pen invented by Yukio Horie

Spacewar, the first computer video game invented

Dow Corp invents silicone breast implants

Betting shops legal in Britain

23rd Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

New English Bible (New Testament) published

Black & White ?5 notes cease to be legal tender

St. Lawrence seaway opens PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

John F. Kennedy

Valium invented

The nondairy creamer invented

Farthing ceases to be legal tender in UK

Penguin Books found not guilty of obscenity in the 'Lady Chatterley's Lover' case

HMS 'Dreadnought' nuclear submarine launched

MoT tests on motor vehicles introduced

Hawaii PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Echo I, the first (passive) communications satellite, launched

Francis Chichester arrives in New York aboard Gypsy Moth II (took 40 days), winning the first single-handed transatlantic yacht race which he co-founded

Last steam locomotive of British Railways named

New ?1 notes issued by Bank of England

Vietnam War

Canada's Bill of Rights

The halogen lamp invented

Springhill Mine disaster PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First section of M1 motorway opened

Postcodes introduced in Britain

Vietnam War

BMC Mini car launched

Empire Day becomes Commonwealth Day

Alaska PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Vanguard 2 satellite launched - first to measure cloud-cover distribution

'The Day The Music Died' - plane crash kills Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bopper

The internal pacemaker invented by Wilson Greatbatch

Barbie Doll invented

Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce both invent the microchip

Preston by-pass opens - UK's first stretch of motorway

Inauguration of Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) in Britain (completed in 1979)

Prince Charles' Investiture as 'Prince of Wales'

Velcro trade mark registered

USA begins to produce Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)

Computers begin to be used in research, industry and commerce

Easter: First anti-nuclear protest march to Aldermaston (emergence of CND)

The modem invented

Gordon Gould invents the laser

The Hula Hoop invented by Richard Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin

The integrated circuit invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

Queen's first Christmas TV broadcast

Lewisham rail disaster - 90 killed as two trains collide in thick fog and a viaduct collapses on top of them

Treaty of Rome to create European Economic Community (EEC) of six countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg - became operational Jan 1958

Britain explodes her first hydrogen bomb, at Christmas Island

Post-Suez petrol rationing ends

Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister

Helvetica typeface developed (in Switzerland)

Britain introduces parking meters

Fortran (computer language) invented

Britain and France invade Suez

3rd class travel abolished on British Railways (renamed 'Third Class' as 'Second Class', which had been abolished in 1875 leaving just First and Third Class)

Premium Bonds first launched - first prizes drawn on 1 Jun 1957

Radiotelephony spelling alphabet introduced (Alpha, Bravo, etc)

Springhill Mine explosion

First nation-wide 5-year census

Britain constructs world's first large-scale nuclear power station in Cumberland

The first computer hard disk used

The hovercraft invented by Christopher Cockerell

Bette Nesmith Graham invented "Mistake Out," later renamed Liquid Paper, to paint over mistakes made with a typewriter

Commercial TV starts in Britain

Jul 27: Allied occupation of Austria (after WW2) ends

Hurricane Hazel PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

'Mole' self-grip wrench patented by Thomas Coughtrie of Mole & Sons

Tetracycline invented

Optic fiber invented

First atomic powered sumbmarine USS Nautilus commissioned

Dwight Eisenhower

BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin

Food rationing officially ends in Britain

First sub 4 minute mile (Roger Bannister, 3 mins 59.4 secs)

First transistor radios sold

Routemaster bus starts operating in London

First comprehensive school opens in London

Oral contraceptives invented

The first nonstick pan produced

The solar cell invented by Chaplin, Fuller and Pearson

Ray Kroc started McDonalds

Sugar rationing ends in Britain (after nearly 14 years)

Coronation of Elizabeth II

Francis Crick and James D Watson publish the double helix structure of DNA

Winston Churchill knighted

Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine

Death of Stalin

22nd Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Sweet rationing ends in Britain

Said to be the biggest civil catastrophe in Britain in the 20th century - severe storm and high tides caused the loss of hundreds of lives - - effects travelled from the west coast of Scotland round to the south-east coast of England [The Netherlands wer

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Radial tires invented

The first musical synthesizer invented by RCA

David Warren invented the black box - flight recorder

Transistor radio invented by Texas Instruments

Great smog hits London

Agatha Christie's 'The Mousetrap' opens in London

The first H-bomb ever ('Mike') was exploded by the USA - the mushroom cloud was 8 miles across and 27 miles high. The canopy was 100 miles wide. Radioactive mud fell out of the sky followed by heavy rain. 80 million tons of earth was vaporised.

End of tea rationing in Britain

DH110 crashes at Farnborough Air Show, 26 killed

Lynmouth (North Devon) flood disaster

Last tram runs in London (Woolwich to New Cross)

Elizabeth II

First commercial jet airliner service launched, by BOACComet between London and Johannesburg

Korean War

Identity Cards abolished in Britain

King George VI dies

Korean War

Bonn Convention: Britain, France and USA end their occupation of West Germany

Radioactive carbon used for dating prehistoric objects

Contraceptive pill invented

Britain explodes her first atomic bomb, in Australia

Mr. Potato Head patented

The first patent for bar code (US Patent #2,612,994) issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver

The first diet soft drink sold

Edward Teller and team build the hydrogen bomb

Electricity first produced by nuclear power, from Experimental Breeder Reactor

Newfoundland joins Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First Goon Show broadcast

Festival of Britain and Royal Festival Hall open on South Bank, London

Super glue invented

Power steering invented by Francis W. Davis

Charles Ginsburg invented the first videotape recorder (VTR)

The Peak District becomes the Britain's first National Park

Soap rationing ends in Britain

'Andy Pandy' first seen on BBC TV

Korean War

Petrol rationing ends in Britain

Points rationing ends in Britain

Winnipeg flood

The first credit card (Diners) invented by Ralph Schneider

Twelve nations sign The North Atlantic Treaty creating NATO

Canada joins NATO

Clothes rationing ends in Britain

De Haviland produces the Comet - first jet airliner

Maiden flight of the Bristol Brabazon (broken up in 1953 for scrap)

Cake mix invented

22nd Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

London Olympics begin

National Health Service (NHS) begins in Britain

Transistor radio invented

Long-playing record (LP) invented by Goldmark

British Citizenship Act : all Commonwealth citizens qualify for British passports

The Frisbee® invented by Walter Frederick Morrison and Warren Franscioni

Velcro ® invented by George de Mestral

Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer jukebox

British Railways nationalised

Marriage of Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) and Philip Mountbatten in Westminster Abbey

British military occupation ends in Iraq

School leaving age raised to 15 in Britain

International Monetary Fund begins financial operations

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded

Canada joins the United Nations PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First British nuclear reactor developed

Most severe winter in Britain for 53 years at start of the year - heavy snow and much flooding later

British/Hungarian scientist, Dennis Gabor, developed the theory of holography

Mobile phones first invented

Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invent the transistor

Earl Silas Tupper patented the Tupperware seal

Coal Mines nationalised

Bank of England nationalised

Canadian Citizenship Act

Alistair Cooke starts his regular 'Letter from America' on BBC radio - until 2004

Transition to National Health Service starts in Britain (came into being 5th July 1948)

The microwave oven invented by Percy Spencer

First civillian flight from Heathrow Airport

Harry Truman

UNESCO founded

United Nations Organisation comes into existence

Japanese surrender signed aboard USS Missouri

VJ Day (Victory in Japan)

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima

BBC Light Programme starts

Labour win UK General Election - Churchill out of office

First ever atomic bomb exploded in a test in New Mexico (although there were other forms of atomic device before that, such as the Pile at Stagg Field, first critical on 2nd Dec 1942)

UN Charter signed in San Francisco

Channel Islands liberated

VE Day (Victory in Europe)

Hitler commits suicide

Berlin surrounded by Russian troops

Harry S. Truman

Last V1 flying bomb attack

Yalta Conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

Newfoundland census

Vannevar Bush proposes hypertext

The atomic bomb invented

Battle of the Bulge: German counter-offensive

Allies enter Germany

First V2 rocket bombs hit London

First V1 flying bombs hit London

D-Day invasion of Normandy

Allies enter Rome

PAYE income tax begins

The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff

Synthetic cortisone invented by Percy Lavon Julian

Allies invade Italy - Benito Mussolini resigns as Italian Dictator, 24 July

'Dam Buster' raids on Ruhr dams by RAF

Round-the-clock bombing of Germany begins

Synthetic rubber invented

Richard James invents the slinky

James Wright invent silly putty

Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD

Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau invent the aqualung

'Manhattan Project' - a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction

Battle of El Alamein - Montgomery defeats Rommel

First successful launch of V2 rocket in Germany - first man-made object to reach space

Germans defeated at Stalingrad

Abortive raid on Dieppe, largely by Canadian troops

Battle of Midway

Over 1,000 allied bombers raid Cologne

Census of Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Gilbert Murray founds Oxfam

Invention of world's first programmable computer by Alan Turing in co-operation with Max Neumann - used to crack German codes

John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first electronic digital computer

Max Mueller designs a turboprop engine

Hong Kong falls to the Japanese

USA enters WWII

Japan attackes US fleet at Pearl Harbour

World War II

'Manhattan Project' of nuclear research begins in America

Canadian forces given operation role in defending south coast of England

Canada declares war on Japan

First Canadian armoured regiments arrive in Britain

Germany invades Russia (Operation Barbarossa)

'Bismark' sunk

Rudolf Hess flies to Scotland

Canadian forces defend south coast of England

First use of antibiotics

Bailey invents his portable military bridge

First British jet aircraft flies, based on work of Whittle

Britain introduces severe rationing

Konrad Zuse's Z3, the first computer controlled by software

Aerosol spray cans invented by American inventors, Lyle David Goodloe and W.N. Sullivan

Enrico Fermi invents the neutronic reactor

Coventry heavily bombed and the Cathedral almost completely destroyed

Battle of Britain: massive waves of German air attacks decisively repulsed by the RAF - Hitler postpones invasion of Britain

Germany launches bombing blitz on Britain, the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing

Fall of France to Germany

Start of the evacuation of the British Army at Dunkirk (27 May - 4 Jun)

Germany invades France

National Government formed under Churchill

BOAC starts operations, replacing Imperial and British Airways Ltd

Québec permits women to vote

National Registration

German occupation of Denmark

Dr William Reich invents the orgone accumulator

Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system

Karl Pabst invents the jeep

'Admiral Graf Spee' scuttled outside Montevideo

'First flight' of Canadian troops sail for Britain - 7,400 men on 5 ships

HMS Royal Oak sunk in Scapa Flow with loss of 810 lives

Canada declares war on Germany PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

British Expeditionary Force (BEF) sent to France

First air-raid on Britain

Britain and France declare war on Germany

Germany invades Poland

Troops leave Canada

World War II

Coldest winter in Britain since 1894, though this could not be publicised at the time

Start of evacuation of women and children from London

Germany annexes Czechoslovakia

World War II

Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful helicopter

The electron microscope invented

Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of HG Wells 'The War of the Worlds', causing panic in the USA

Chamberlain visits Hitler in Munich - promises 'peace in our time'

Largest ocean liner ever built, Queen Elizabeth launched on Clydebank

'Mallard' reaches 126 mph (203 km/h); still world record for a steam locomotive

Germany invades and annexes Austria

First practical ball-point pen produced by Hungarian journalist, Lajos Biro

HMS Rodney first ship to be equipped with radar

Principle of paid holidays established in Britain

The ballpoint pen invented by Ladislo Biro

Strobe lighting invented

Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or Teflon

Nescafe or freeze-dried coffee invented

The first working turboprop engine

'The Dandy' first published

Edward VIII PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson

Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister - policy of appeasement towards Hitler

Coronation of King George VI

Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft

Billy Butlin opens his first holiday camp

'999' emergency telephone call facility starts in London

Chester F. Carlson invents the photocopier

The first jet engine is built

Edward VIII abdicates (announced Dec 10) - popular carol that Christmas: 'Hark the Herald Angels sing Mrs Simpson's got our King'

Crystal Palace destroyed by fire

George VI

British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, world's first public TV transmission

'Speaking clock' service starts in UK

First flight of a Spitfire

George V dies

Jet engine first tested

Bell Labs invents the voice recognition machine

Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver

Penguin paperbacks launched

Voluntary driving tests introduced in UK

Hore-Belisha introduces pedestrian crossings and speed limits for built-up areas in Britain

Nylon first produced by Gerard J. Berchet of Wallace Carothers' research group at DuPont (there is no evidence to the widely-supposed story that the name derives from New York-London)

Land speed record of 301.13 mph by Malcolm Campbell

London adopts a 'Green Belt' scheme

Newfoundland census

Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents nylon ( polymer 6.6.)

The first canned beer made

Robert Watson-Watt patented radar

First time a steam locomotive travels at 100 mph ('Flying Scotsman')

20th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

RMS Queen Mary launched

21st Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

King George V opens Mersey Tunnel

Hitler becomes Fuehrer of Germany

Englishmen, Percy Shaw invents cat eyes or roads reflectors

Charles Darrow claims he invented the game Monopoly

Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting - first magnetic recording

First known photos of the 'Loch Ness Monster' taken

21st Amendment ratified

Franklin Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt

ICI scientists discover polythene

Only 6 pennies minted in Britain this year

Frequency modulation (FM radio) invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong

Stereo records invented

Richard M. Hollingshead builds a prototype drive-in movie theater in his driveway

Iraq gains independence from Britain

'The Times' introduces 'Times New Roman' typeface

Amelia Earhart first solo nonstop flight across Atlantic by a female pilot

20th Amendment passed by Congress

Sir Thomas Beecham established the London Philharmonic Orchestra

Cockroft and Walton accelerate particles to disintegrate an atomic nucleus

Moseley founds British Union of Fascists

Great Hunger March of unemployed to London

Polaroid photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land

The zoom lens and the light meter invented

Carl C. Magee invents the first parking meter

Karl Jansky invents the radio telescope

National Government formed to deal with economic crisis - Britain comes off gold standard

Census: Population - England and Wales; 40 Million; Scotland: 4.8 Million; N Ireland: 1.24 Million (Unfortunately, the census was destroyed by fire in WW2)

Highway Code first issued

Collapse of the German banking system; 3,000 banks there close

Statute of Westminster: British Dominions become independent sovereign states

Statute of Westminster

Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography

Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the electron microscope

R101 airship disaster - British abandons airship construction

The 'Persons' Case Decision PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Clarence Birdseye first marketed frozen peas

3M begins marketing Scotch Tape

Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany

Youth Hostel Association (YHA) founded in Britain

First Nazis elected to the German Reichstag

Scotch tape patented by 3M engineer, Richard G. Drew

The frozen food process patented by Clarence Birdseye

Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents neoprene

The "differential analyzer", or analog computer invented by Vannevar Bush at MIT in Boston

Frank Whittle and Dr Hans von Ohain both invent a jet engine

Herbert Hoover

Herbert Hoover

BBC begins experimental TV transmissions

Minimum age for a marriage in Britain (which had been 14 for a boy and 12 for a girl) now 16 for both sexes, with parental consent (or a licence) needed for anyone under 21

Abolition of Poor Law system in Britain

The Great Depression

American, Paul Galvin invents the car radio

Yo-Yo re-invented as an American fad

Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers penicillin (results published 1929)

Madame Tussauds opens in London

Women over 21 get vote in Britain - same qualification for both sexes

Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin

Bubble gum invented by Walter E. Diemer

Jacob Schick patented the electric shaver

The Menin Gate war memorial unveiled at Ypres

Last Ford Model T rolls off assembly line

Lindbergh makes solo flight across the Atlantic, in 33? hours

First cooked meals on a scheduled flight introduced by Imperial Airways from London to Paris

First football broadcast by BBC (Arsenal v Sheffield United at Highbury)

First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London

Release of the first 'talkie' film (The Jazz Singer)

Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy

JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch

Philo Taylor Farnsworth invents a complete electronic TV system

Technicolor invented

Erik Rotheim patents an aerosol can

Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock

Philip Drinker invents the iron lung

Death of Harry Houdini

General Strike begins. Lasts until May 12 (mine workers for 6 months more)

Princess Elizabeth born

Walt Disney arrives in Hollywood

Kodak produces 16mm movie film

Adoption of children is legalised in Britain

First public demonstration of television (TV) by John Logie Baird

Robert H. Goddard invents liquid-fueled rockets

Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf

Britain returns to gold standard

The mechanical television a precursor to the modern television, invented by John Logie Baird

British Imperial Airways begins operations (formed by merger of four British airline companies - became BOAC in 1940)

Hourly Greenwich Time Signals from the Royal Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast by the BBC

First Labour government in Britain, headed by Ramsay MacDonald

The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg

Notebooks with spiral bindings invented

First publication of Radio Times

Calvin Coolidge

First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) - 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles ' popular song of the time became the West Ham anthem

Calvin Coolidge

Howard Carter unsealed the burial chamber of Tutankhamun

First American broadcasts heard in Britain

Hubble shows there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way

Roads in Great Britain classified with A and B numbers

Garrett A. Morgan invents a traffic signal

The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin

John Harwood invented the self-winding watch

Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food

The majority of the railway companies in Great Britain grouped into four main companies, the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR - lasted until nationalisation in 1948

BBC established as a monopoly, and begins transmissions in November (2LO in London on 14 Nov; 5IT in Birmingham and 2ZY in Manchester on 15 Nov)

Canada's Coat of Arms proclaimed by George V PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Royal Ulster Constabulary founded

Law of Property Act - the manorial system effectively ended

Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting

The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released

Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London, leading to the formation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland

Census: Population - England and Wales: 37.9 Million; Scotland: 4.9 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million

19th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Warren Harding

Warren G. Harding

Census of Canada

First birth control clinic

Insulin discovery announced

Railway Act in Britain amalgamates companies - only four remained

Newfoundland census

Artificial life begins -- the first robot built

John Larson invented the lie detector

18th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First roadside petrol filling station in UK - opened by the Automobile Association at Aldermaston on the Bath Road

Thompson patents his machine gun (Tommy gun)

Marconi opens a radio broadcasting station in Britain

Regular cross-channel air service starts

After a referendum, northern Schleswig is returned to Denmark

The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson

The Band-Aid (pronounced 'ban-'dade) invented by Earle Dickson

Treaty of Versailles signed

Alcock and Brown complete first nonstop flight across the Atlantic

19th Amendment passed by Congress

Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom

Britain adopts a 48-hour working week

Soldier Settlement Act

The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite

Short-wave radio invented

The flip-flop circuit invented

The arc welder invented

First woman elected to House of Commons, Countess Markiewicz as a Sinn Fein member refused to take her seat

Armistice signed

Arab forces under Lawrence of Arabia capture Damascus

Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive in WW1 (Jul-Aug)

18th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Ontario forest fire PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Start of world-wide 'flu pandemic

Bentley Motors founded

War of Independence in Ireland

Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons)

The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong

Charles Jung invented fortune cookies

British forces capture Jerusalem

Halifax (Nova Scotia) Explosion, one of the world's largest artificial non-nuclear explosions to date: a ship loaded with wartime explosives blew up after a collision, obliterating buildings and structures within two square kilometres of the explosion

'October' Revolution in Russia - Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government; Lenin becomes Chief Commissar

WW1 - Vimy Ridge PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Passchendaele - little gained by either side (Jul-Nov)

The Halifax Explosion

George V changes surname from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor (Royal proclamation on 17 July)

USA declares war on Germany

Lenin returns to Russia after exile

World War I

February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates

Ministry of Labour is established in Britain

Battle of Cambrai - first use of massed tanks, but effect more psychological than actual

Income Tax introduced

Gideon Sundback patented the modern zipper (not the first zipper)

Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government

First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties)

Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason

Empress of Ireland sinks PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener

Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between the British and German fleets

First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK

Easter Rising in Ireland - after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence

Battle of Verdun - appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues

Compulsory military service introduced in Britain

Women get vote in Manitoba

Radios tuners invented, that received different stations

Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly

Alberta coal mine disaster PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First meeting of a British WI (Women's Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll (aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey

RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland - 1,198 died

Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916)

Second Battle of Ypres - poison gas used for first time

Submarine blockade of Britain starts

First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia - four killed

Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane

First automatic telephone exchange in Britain

A new constitution establishes a two-chamber parliament elected by universal suffrage

Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City

German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough

First policewoman goes on duty in Britain

Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front

Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1)

British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph links to the outside world

Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason

Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo

Saskatchewan tornado PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

World War I

Chaplin and De Mille make their first films

Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster to be decided after the War

World War One

Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask

Alaska Territory Organized

17th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby and dies

Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson

16th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Arizona PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

17th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity

Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield

Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political purposes

Suffragette demonstrations in London - Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned

Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords - threat of civil war in Ireland - formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule

The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne

The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as, ecstasy

Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra

Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper

New Mexico PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain

The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives

Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team reach the south pole on Jan 18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November

Britain nationalises the telephone system

Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' - hoax, exposed in 1953

Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain

Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras

The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole

Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912

National Insurance introduced in Britain

Coronation of George V

Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million

Census of Canada

Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912)

Rutherford: theory of atomic structures

First British Official Secrets Act

British MPs receive a salary

Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords

Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system

George V

Edward VII dies - George V becomes King

Halley's comet reappears

Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe

Madame Curie isolates radium

Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville

Constitutional crisis in Britain

Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain

Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture

Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris

Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)

William Taft

Selfridges department store opens in London

William Howard Taft

16th Amendment passed by Congress

Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole

First commercial manufacture of Bakelite - start of the plastic age

Peary reaches the north pole

Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges

Instant coffee invented by G. Washington

Old Age Pensions Act came into force

First 'Model T' Ford made

SOS became effective as an international signal of distress

Oklahoma PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement

Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain

Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day

Border Ports established

The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry

Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger

Model T first sold

J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter

Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates

Census of Northwest Provinces PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday

Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island

Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its shape after being heated

Lumiere develops a process for colour photography

First airship flies over London

New Zealand becomes a Dominion

Imperial College, London, is established

Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite

Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere

The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu

Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne

Vauxhall Bridge opened in London

Rolls-Royce Ltd registered

Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship

Introduction of free school meals for poor children

Amundsen traverses the North-West Passage

William Kellogg invents Cornflakes

Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device

Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode)

Frank Slide, Alberta PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity

Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada

Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship

Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration

The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York

Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2

Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers

America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)

France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale

Leeds University established

Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan

Benjamin Holt invents a tractor

John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve

First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright

Census of Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst

Henry Ford sets up his motor company

Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain

Canada loses the Alaska Boundary Dispute to the USA

Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons

Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens

The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane

Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers

William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs

Edward VII

Coronation of Edward VII

Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War

Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated

Theodore Roosevelt

Marie Curie discovers radioactivity

Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued

Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education

Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner

French physicist George Claude invents neon light

The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie

The birth of the Teddy Bear

First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland

Britain's first submarine launched

Theodore Roosevelt

Boer War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War

Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park

Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king

Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner

Commonwealth of Australia founded

King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor

The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission

Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner

Labour Party formed

Davis Cup tennis competition established

School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years

Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified

Escalator shown at Paris exhibition

The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin

Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator

Boxer Rebellion

Start of Second Boer War

Spanish-American War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Philippine-American War

Aspirin first marketed by Bayer

The Yukon joins Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner

I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame

Territory of Hawaii was Oraganized

The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)

Spanish-American War

USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded

Zeppelin builds airship

First photograph using artificial light

Klondike gold rush

Yukon gold rush

Rudolf Diesel receives patent #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine" the Diesel engine

Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster

William McKinley

William McKinley

Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector

Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio

First modern Olympic Games held in Athens

Utah PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Gold discovered in Yukon

American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel

X-rays discovered

First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey

First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain

Oscar Wilde sent to prison

Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted

The National Trust founded in England

Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London

Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one

Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe

Death duties first introduced in Britain

Tower Bridge first opens

Blackpool Tower opens

Picture postcard introduced in Britain

Manchester Ship Canal opens

Grover Cleveland

Grover Cleveland

Zip fastener invented

Henry Ford's first car

American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper

Edward Goodrich Acheson invents carborundum

Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere

Electric oven invented

Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's

Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask

Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine

Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera

Census of Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893)

First telephone link between London & Paris

Primary education made free and compulsory

First Children's Aid Society is established in Toronto

Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator

City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction

Wyoming PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Idaho

Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build

Indian Territory Organized

Oklahoma Territory Organized

Washington

Length of a metre defined

Montana

Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast

Children's charity NSPCC launched in London

Benjamin Harrison

Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)

Benjamin Harrison

South Dakota

North Dakota

Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies

Celluloid film produced

Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act

Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder

Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook

Football League formed

First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film

Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre

County Councils set up in Britain

Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year

Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace

Voting rights extended

John Boyd Dunlop patents a commercially successful pneumatic tire

Nikola Tesla invents the AC motor and transformer

Marvin Stone patents the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws

Coal mine explosion in Nanaimo, BC

Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car

German, Heinrich Hertz invents radar

Rowell Hodge patents barbed wire

Emile Berliner invents the gramophone

F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invent the first wearable contact lenses

Putney Bridge opens in London

Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola'

Louis Riel hanged PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales

Gottlieb Daimler builds the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle

John Pemberton invents Coca Cola

Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher

First electric tramcar used at Blackpool

The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel

Canadian Pacific Railway Completed

Grover Cleveland

Grover Cleveland

First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking

Canadian Pacific Railway completed

Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle

Eastman makes first coated photographic paper

Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car

Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine

Harim Maxim invents the machine gun

Gottlieb Daimler invents the first gas-engined motorcycle

Greenwich made prime meridian of the world

John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes

Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche

Voting rights extended

James Ritty invents the first working, mechanical cash register

Charles Parson patents the steam turbine

Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen

George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film

Frenchmen, H. de Chardonnet invents rayon

Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave

Parcel post starts in Britain

Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)

Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France

Chester A. Arthur

Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed

Home children arrive

Northwest Territories divided

Gunfight at OK Corral

Chester A. Arthur

Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)

Census of Canada

James Garfield

James A. Garfield

Postal Orders introduced

Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy

First Acadian Convention at Memramcook

David Houston patents the roll film for cameras

Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector

Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano

Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK

Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria

Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds

Chinese build railroad

Englishmen, John Milne invents the modern seismograph

The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper

Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time

CID established at New Scotland Yard

Edison & Swan invent electric lamp

Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph

Sir Joseph Wilson Swan was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb

Rutherford Hayes

Rutherford B. Hayes

Edison invents microphone and phonograph

Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph

Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures

Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights

Colorado

Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine

Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone

Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper

The Great Nova Scotia Cyclone PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

London's main sewage system completed

Supreme Court of Canada established

Western Indian treaties signed

Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)

Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York

Nova Scotia coal mine explosion PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Factory Act introduces 56-hour week

Voting rights extended

American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher

Prince Edward Island joins Canada

North-West Mounted Police created

Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire

American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean

British Columbia joins Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)

Licensing hours introduced

Chinese and First Nations banned from voting in BC

Dominion Land Act

A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog

J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill

Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal

Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London

First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh

Manitoba created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Northwest Territories created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Dominion of Canada Census

15th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

First British postcard - halfpenny post

Rupert's Land joins Canada

15th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Wyoming Territory Organized

Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa

Water closets come into wide use

Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children

GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)

First census of British Columbia

Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton

14th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Ulysses Grant

Ulysses S. Grant

Ontario begins BMD registration

Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented

Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)

Vote given to male British subjects

J P Knight invents traffic lights

George Westinghouse invents air brakes

Robert Mushet invents tungsten steel

13th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation

10-year census taking becomes a legal requirement

Confederation

14th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Nebraska

Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter

Nevada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Andrew Johnson

Montana Territory Organized

Fenian Raids

Ontario Gold Rush

Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo

J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener

Alfred Nobel invents dynamite

William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London

13th Amendment ratified

Andrew Johnson

Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth

End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA

First concrete roads built in Britain

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]

Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened

Arizona Territory Organized

Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention

West Virginia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time

A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship

Kansas PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Colorado Territory Organized

Idaho Territory Organized

First section of the London Underground Railway opens

Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England

Football Association founded (UK)

Denmark goes to war against Prussia and Austria. In the Treaty of Prague (1866), Denmark cedes Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia (Ge

First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard

Civil War

Canadian census PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)

Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic

Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun

American Civil War begins

American Civil War

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln

South Dakota Territory Organized

Nevada Territory Organized

North Dakota Territory Organized

Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator

Pierre Michaux invents a bicycle

Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock

First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead

Oregon PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The Maple Leaf

Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'

Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall

Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)

Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain

Minnesota PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London

'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work

Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine

Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine

James Buchanan

James Buchanan

Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable

Ottawa is declared the capital of Canada by Queen Victoria

George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel

Nebraska Territory Organized

Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)

End of Crimean War

Louis Pasteur invents pasteurisation

Civil registration begins.

Ice Hockey

Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor

Georges Audemars invents rayon

Ottawa named

Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)

Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)

Cigarettes introduced into Britain

John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics

Franklin Pierce

Franklin Pierce

Washington Territory Organized

Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain

George Cayley invents a manned glider

First "thorough" Canadian census PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement

Wells Fargo established in USA

Jean Bernard Léon Foucault invents a gyroscope

Henri Giffard builds an airship powered by the first aircraft engine - unsuccessful design

Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park

Gold discovered in Australia

First Canadian postage stamp

Toronto-Buffalo rail line constructed

Isaac Singer invents a sewing machine

Millard Fillmore

New Mexico Territory Organized

California

Utah Territory Organized

Millard Fillmore

Wisconsin PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Joel Houghton was granted the first dishwasher patent

County government

Annexation Manifesto PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Zachary Taylor

Zachary Taylor

Minnesota Territory Organized

Oregon Territory Organized

Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally occurred in 1971!

Canada's 49th parallel border is extended to the Pacific Ocean

Official bilingualism

Walter Hunt invents the safety pin

Waterloo railway station in London opens

Iowa PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Mexican-American War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush

First commercial production of chewing gum

1842's followup census completed

Waldo Hanchett patents the dental chair

Kansas Territory Organized

Texas PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre

Longfellow writes the poem Evangeline

Typhus epidemic

Influenza epidemic

Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics

An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)

The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe

Canada-U.S. Boundary Completed

Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction

James Polk

The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry

James K. Polk

Florida

Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)

USA doubles cost of passage to American ports

American, Elias Howe invents a sewing machine

Robert William Thomson patents the first vulcanised rubber pneumatic tire

YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams

Englishmen, John Mercer invents mercerized cotton

Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched

The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London

First Christmas card in England

Alexander Bain of Scotland, invents the facsimile

Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong

Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)

First major census taken

Income Tax reintroduced in Britain

Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator

Act of Union PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)

John Tyler

John Tyler

William H. Harrison

William Henry Harrison

Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp

Thomas Cook starts package tours

The first census of genealogical value is taken.

Samuel Slocum patents the stapler

Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally

Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere)

Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain

Englishmen, John Herschel invents the blueprint

Michigan PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber

Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern Sense

First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong

Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce co-invent Daguerreotype photography

Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents a bicycle

American, Charles Goodyear invents rubber vulcanization

Welshmen, Sir William Robert Grove conceives of the first hydrogen fuel cell

American, Thaddeus Fairbanks invents platform scales

Durham Report

Iowa Territory Organized

Rebellion of Hastings County, Ontario

Victoria

Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey

Samual Morse invents Morse Code

Wisconsin Territory Organized

Euston Railway station opens - first in London

Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace

Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834

William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)

Mackenzie Rebellion

Martin van Buren

Arkansas PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Martin Van Buren

Upper Canada Rebellion

Lower Canada Rebellion

P&O Founded

Pitman introduces his shorthand system

Samuel Morse invents the telegraph

English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp

Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

Mexican-American War

The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett

Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver'

Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge

First Potato famine in Ireland

Samuel Colt invented the first revolver

First formal police force PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Texas War of Independence

First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway

Christmas becomes a national holiday

Second Seminole War

Englishmen, Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller

Englishmen, Henry F. Talbot invents Calotype photography

Solymon Merrick patents the wrench

Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator

Slavery abolished in British possessions

'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities

Cholera epidemic - Canada West

Babbage invents forerunner of the computer

Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine)

Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent

Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9

Cholera epidemic - Canada West PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Abolition of slavery

Britain invades the Falkland Islands

Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act

Black Hawk War

William IV

Immigrants quarantined at Grosse Isle

Electric telegraph invented by Morse

Electoral Registers introduced

Texas Revolutionary War

Englishmen, Louis Braille invents the stereoscope

'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished

James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole

Lower Canada (Quebec) census

A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled

Marriage Act amended

American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper

Michael Faraday invents an electric dynamo

George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!

Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne

Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium

Frenchmen, B. Thimonnier invents a sewing machine

George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)

First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson

Guelph, Ontario, tornado

Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind

London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel

Roman Catholics are permitted by law to buy and inherit property and keep records.

Welland Canal opens

William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter

Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing

American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter

St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)

Military rolls taken in Canada West (Ontario)

Naturalization commences

Ohm's Law published

Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone

John Walker invents the modern matches

Lower Canada (Quebec} census PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Red River flooding

Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains

The Miramichi Fire

John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams

William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet

Florida Territory Organized

National Gallery in London opens to the public

Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854)

Portland cement patented

RSPCA established

Canada (Land) Company formed

First annual numerical census of Upper Canada

Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon

Englishmen, Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material

US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')

Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh

Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School

Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes

New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session

Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland

Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society

George IV

Missouri PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena

Maine PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Constable paints 'The Hay Wain'

Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation'

Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ? George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords

Regent's Canal in London opens

Alabama PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent

Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition

Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet

Cape Breton Island re-annexed to Nova Scotia

Militia land grants

Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others

SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days mostly under sail)

Arkansas Territory Organized

Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles

Britain returns to gold standard

Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular

René Laënnec invents the stethoscope

Samuel Fahnestock patents a "soda fountain"

'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length

Illinois

Manchester cotton spinners' strike

First Seminole War

The 49th parallel becomes border

Mississippi

James Monroe

James Monroe

Alabama Territory Organized

Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'

March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended

Indian Wars

Census of Nova Scotia

Indiana

Battle of Lacolle Mills PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Lundy's Lane PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Trans-Atlantic packet service begins

Large scale emigration to North America

Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years

Income tax abolished

For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage

Treaty of Ghent PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Cook's Mills (Lyons Creek) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena

Burning of St. Davids PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle for Prarie du Chien PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Siege at Fort Erie PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battles of Niagara frontier PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Fort York (Toronto) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Second Barbary War

Battle of Chateauguay PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Capture of Fort George PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

British incentive to emigrate to Upper Canada

Trial by Jury established in Scotland

Davy develops the safety lamp for miners

Humphry Davy invents the miner's lamp

Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US

Battle of Beaver Dam PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)

Battle of Ogdensburg, NY PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

The British burn the White House

Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch

Louisiana PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Earl of Selkirk establishes Red River Colony (Winnipeg) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle at Chippawa

Battle of Frenchman's Creek PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba

U.S. raids into Western Upper Canada

Capture of Fort Erie

At the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark is compelled to cede Norway to Sweden

George Stephenson designs the first steam locomotive

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph

German, Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectrocope for the chemical analysis of glowing objects

The first plastic surgery is performed in England

Invasion of France by Allies

Battle of Crysler's Farm

Burning of Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake)

Battle of Lake Erie (Put-in-Bay) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Raid on Gananoque PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle for Lake Erie

Battle of Lacolle Mills PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Forty Mile Creek PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Skirmish of Butler's Farm (Two Mile Creek) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

War of 1812

Battle of Stoney Creek

Battle of the Thames

Surrender of Fort Detroit PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Battle of Fort Stephenson

U.S forces reoccupy Queenston and Chippawa (Niagara)

Battle of Queenston Heights PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end

Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'

Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast

Creek War

Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses

Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada

War of 1812

Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged

Battle of Brownstown

Missouri Territory Organized

War of 1812

A printed format for parish registers begins

James Madison

James Madison

Illinois Territory Organized

Michigan Territory Organized

Louisiana Territory Organized

Indiana Territory Organized

Mississippi Territory Organized

East India Company governs Hindustan

Indian treaties transferring land to Britain

POST-DEPORTATION PERIOD

George III

King George III

Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr, Johnson

Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury