| |
Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
|
| 2 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: King Henry VI
{\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen
- 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
|
| 3 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
|
| 4 | 1437 | - 2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth
James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
|
| 5 | 1451 | - 1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
|
| 6 | 1453 | - 7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
|
| 7 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
- 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
|
| 8 | 1457 | - 1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
|
| 9 | 1460 | - 8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
|
| 10 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: King Edward IV
King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com
- 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV
House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
|
| 11 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames
- 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
|
| 12 | 1468 | - 1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
|
| 13 | 1472 | - 1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
|
| 14 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
|
| 15 | 1476 | - 1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
|
| 16 | 1483 | - 1483—1483: King Edward V
King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were
- 1483—1485: King Richard III
{\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber
- 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V
House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
|
| 17 | 1484 | - 1484—1484: Introduction of bail
for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
|
| 18 | 1485 | - 1485—1509: King Henry VII
King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a
- 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field
King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard
- 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute
- 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt
House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
|
| 19 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
|
| 20 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
|
| 21 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines
- 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
|
| 22 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
|
| 23 | 1495 | - 1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
|
| 24 | 1497 | - 1497—1497: Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes
- 1497—1497: John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations
John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton
|
| 25 | 1499 | - 16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
|
| 26 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations
Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland
- 1500—1500: The first flush toilets appeared
|
| 27 | 1503 | - 1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)
- 1503—1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
- 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
|
| 28 | 1505 | - 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
- 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
|
| 29 | 1506 | - 22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
|
| 30 | 1507 | - 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
- Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of
Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
|
| 31 | 1508 | - 1508—1508: Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
|
| 32 | 1509 | - 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
- 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England
Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547)
- 1509—1547: King Henry VIII
{\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\n}{\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\n}1513 - The
- 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old
- 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
- 4 1509—28 Jan 1547: Henry VIII
House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV
|
| 33 | 1510 | - 1510—1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel
- 1510—1510: Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
|
| 34 | 1512 | - 1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice
versa
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
- 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London
the "Auld Alliance" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa
- Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for
the first time
|
| 35 | 1513 | - 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army
Death of King James IV of Scots
- 1513—1513: Urs Graf invents etching
- 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at
Guinegate
- 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
|
| 36 | 1514 | - 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
- 1514—1514: The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
|
| 37 | 1515 | - 15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
|
| 38 | 1516 | - 1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
|
| 39 | 1517 | - 31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as
start of the Reformation
- 10 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg
regarded as start of the Reformation
|
| 40 | 1518 | - 1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France,
England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored
by Cardinal Wolsey
|
| 41 | 1520 | - Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of
Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
|
| 42 | 1521 | - 17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant
his teachings
- 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
- 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of
Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
|
| 43 | 1522 | - 6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition,
becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
|
| 44 | 1523 | - 1523—1523: Sweden leaves the union
|
| 45 | 1525 | - 1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
|
| 46 | 1527 | - 1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
|
| 47 | 1528 | - 1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
|
| 48 | 1529 | - 1529—1529: Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
|
| 49 | 1531 | - 11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
|
| 50 | 1532 | - 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
- 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
|
| 51 | 1533 | - 25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen
on 1st June)
- 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
- 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
- 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
- 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
|
| 52 | 1534 | - 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII)
- 1534—1534: Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence
Cartier claims land for France
|
| 53 | 1535 | - 1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
|
| 54 | 1536 | - 1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
- 1536—1536: Dissolution of monastries starts in England
- 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed
- 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th
October)
- 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
|
| 55 | 1537 | - 24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future
Edward VI
|
| 56 | 1538 | - 1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible
- 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
- 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
- 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
|
| 57 | 1540 | - 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
- 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
9th February - First recorded horse racing event in Britain at Chester
- 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4
- 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester
- 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves
- 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day,
wife #5
|
| 58 | 1541 | - 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
- 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
- 1541—1541: First French settlement
Charlesbourg-Royal settlement esatablished by Cartier
|
| 59 | 1542 | - 1542—1542: Ther Rout of Solway Moss and the death of King James V of Scots
- 13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed
- 14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots'
succeeds him just 6 days old
|
| 60 | 1543 | - 12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him
- 9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in
Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
|
| 61 | 1544 | - 1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders
- 1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland
- 1544—1545: Mary of Guise Regent of Scotland
Henrys VIII "Rough Wooing" of the Scottish Borders
|
| 62 | 1545 | - 20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982
|
| 63 | 1546 | - 1546—1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
|
| 64 | 1547 | - 1547—1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias'
- 1547—1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)
- 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales
- 1547—1553: King Edward VI
King Edward VI ( 1547 - 1553 ) {\n}{\n}1547 - Edward VI accedes to the throne at the age of nine after the death of his father, Henry VIII.{\n}1547 - Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, uncle of Edward VI, is invested as Duke of Somerset and Protector of En
- 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in chruch services in England and Wales
Battle of Pinkie{\n}The injuction to keep parish register reiterated{\n}Death of Henry VIII (Edward VI to 1553)
- 28 Jan 1547—28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)
- 20 Feb 1547—20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey
- 10 Sep 1547—10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the
British Isles
- 1 1547—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI
House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor. Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553.
|
| 65 | 1548 | - 1548—1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554
|
| 66 | 1549 | - 1549—1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal
- 1549—1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal
- 1549—1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand
- 1549—1549: 9th June First Book of Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
Wedding ring finger changed from right to left{\n}First Act of Uniformity in Engalnd made Catholic Mass illegal{\n}English Parliament declares enclosures legal
- 9 Jun 1549—9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
|
| 67 | 1550 | - 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
- 1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refuges from the Low Countries
|
| 68 | 1551 | - 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms
and banns of marriage
- 1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders
each parish to keep a register of Baptisms and banns of marriage
|
| 69 | 1552 | - 1552—1552: Parishes are ordered to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage.
- Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
|
| 70 | 1553 | - 1553—1558: Queen Mary I
Queen Mary I ( 1553 - 1558 ) {\n}{\n}1553 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen by the Protector, the Duke of Northumberland. After nine days, Mary arrives in London, Lady Jane Grey is arrested, and Mary is crowned Queen.{\n}1554 - After Mary declares her
- 7 Jun 1553—19 Jul 1553: Jane
House of Tudor: Jane claimed throne on death of Edward VI, removed by Mary I
- 6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
- 19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
- 7 1553—17 Nov 1558: Mary I
House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon
|
| 71 | 1554 | - 1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate
at least 30 miles from their wives
- 1554—1558: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor
- 12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
|
| 72 | 1555 | - 1555—1555: Michel Nostradamus publishes his prophecies
|
| 73 | 1556 | - 21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
|
| 74 | 1557 | - 1557—1557: The First Covenant signed in Scotland
(Foundation of the Presbyterian Church)
|
| 75 | 1558 | - 1558—1558: System of Counties adopted
- 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
- 1558—1603: Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins
System of Counties adopted
- 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
Chancery Proceedings Indexes begin
- 1558—1603: Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I ( 1558 - 1603 ) {\n}{\n}1558 - Elizabeth accedes to the throne on the death of her half-sister, Mary.{\n}1559 - Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in January.{\n}1559 - Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore the Prote
- 7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France
- 24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris
- 17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister
Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England
- 11 1558—24 Mar 1603: Elizabeth I
House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn
|
| 76 | 1559 | - 1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe
- 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
- 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent
Strenghtens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
- 15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of
Carlisle
- 29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England
& Wales; established Church of England
|
| 77 | 1560 | - 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion
- some records lost
- 1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland
commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost
- 1560—1560: Protestantism is established. Pope's authority is abolished. Celebrating mass becomes illegal.
- 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and
the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
|
| 78 | 1561 | - 1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
- 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it
was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was
introduced in 1663
|
| 79 | 1562 | - 1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and
the West Indies
- 1562—1562: African slave trade starts
|
| 80 | 1563 | - 1563—1563: Papal recusants heavily fined for non-attendance at Church
The Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from government offices
- 28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
|
| 81 | 1564 | - 26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's
Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
|
| 82 | 1565 | - 1565—1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Darley
- 29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first
cousin
|
| 83 | 1566 | - 1566—1566: Murder of Riccio in Holyrood House
- 9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
|
| 84 | 1567 | - 1567—1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Bothwell{\n}Earliest date in the French Protestant and Walloon registers
- 10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
- 15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
- 24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
|
| 85 | 1568 | - 1568—1568: Battle of Langside
Mary's flight into England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
- 1568—1568: Bottled beer invented in London
- 13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen
Elizabeth I
|
| 86 | 1569 | - 1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
- 1569—1569: Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection
|
| 87 | 1570 | - 25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate
Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
|
| 88 | 1571 | - 1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
- 1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from
'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
- 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
- 1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
Opening of the Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham
- 1571—1572: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
- 23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham -
this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
|
| 89 | 1574 | - 1574—1738: Colonial State Papers published
continued to 1738
|
| 90 | 1577 | - 1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London
|
| 91 | 1578 | - 1578—1578: Earliest Quaker registers begin
|
| 92 | 1579 | - 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
- 1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
|
| 93 | 1580 | - 1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
- 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
- 1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
- 6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned
by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
|
| 94 | 1581 | - 1581—1581: English Levant Company founded
- 16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
- 4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after
circumnavigating the world
|
| 95 | 1582 | - 1582—1582: Gregorian calendar introduced in some couontires:
Spain and Portugal, France, Low Countries, part of Italy, Denmark
|
| 96 | 1583 | - 1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded
- 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
- 1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
University of Edinburgh founded
- Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's,
Newfoundland
|
| 97 | 1584 | - 4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on
Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
|
| 98 | 1585 | - 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
- 1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press
Shakespeare started seriously to write about this time
|
| 99 | 1587 | - 1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
- 1587—1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by English at Fotheringay Castle near Peterborough
11th August; Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents, Virginia Dare (August 18th){\n}Introduction of potatoes to England
- 8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
- 19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
- 11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child
born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
|
| 100 | 1588 | - 1588—1588: Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
- 1588—1588: 29th July Defeat of the Spanish Armada
(had set sail from Lisbon 20th May){\n}Invention of shorthand by Dr. Timothy Bright
- 19 Jul 1588—19 Jul 1588: Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
- 29 Jul 1588—29 Jul 1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
|
| 101 | 1589 | - 1589—1589: Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine
|
| 102 | 1590 | - 1590—1590: Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope
|
| 103 | 1591 | - 1591—1591: Trinity College, Dublin, founded
|
| 104 | 1592 | - 1592—1592: A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
- 1592—1592: Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops -
secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
- 1592—1592: A congregational (or Independant) Church formed in London.
Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all minsters equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
- 1592—1592: The Presbyterian Church is formally established.
|
| 105 | 1593 | - 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
- 1593—1593: British statute mile established by law
- 1593—1593: Galileo invents a water thermometer
|
| 106 | 1594 | - 1594—1594: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
|
| 107 | 1597 | - 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection
allowed
- 1597—1597: Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor -
Poor Rate collection allowed
|
| 108 | 1598 | - 1598—1598: Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to
be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries
were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
- 1598—1598: Bishops transcript of English and Welsh parish registers start [some say 1597]
Edict of Nantes gives Huguentots toleration if France
|
| 109 | 1600 | - 1600—1600: Memoirs of Officers of the Royal Navy begin
- 1600—1600: The calendar changes from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar.
- 1 Jan 1600—1 Jan 1600: Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
- 31 Dec 1600—31 Dec 1600: British East India Company founded
|
| 110 | 1601 | - 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law Act passed
- 1601—1601: First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
- 1601—1601: Great English Poor Law passed
First us of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster{\n}Easst India Company formed
|
| 111 | 1602 | - 20 Mar 1602—20 Mar 1602: Dutch East India Company founded
- 8 Nov 1602—8 Nov 1602: Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
|
| 112 | 1603 | - 1603—1625: King James I
King James I ( 1603 - 1625 ) {\n}{\n}1603 - James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England, Scotland, and Ireland after the death of Elizabeth I.{\n}1603 - The Millenary Petition is presented to James I. It expresses Puritan desires for reforms to t
- 1603—1603: 24th March - Death of Queen Elizabeth I
union of Scottish and English crowns under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
- 1603—1603: The crowns of England and Scotland unite.
- 24 Mar 1603—24 Mar 1603: Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James
VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
- 25 Jul 1603—25 Jul 1603: Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
- 3 1603—27 Mar 1625: James I
House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.
|
| 113 | 1604 | - 1604—1632: EXPLORATION PERIOD
- 1604—1604: First Acadian settlement on Saint-Croix Island
- 1604—1604: Settlement of New France
First Acadian settlement on Saint Croix Island
- 1 Nov 1604—1 Nov 1604: Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
|
| 114 | 1605 | - 1605—1605: First Acadian settlement in Port-Royal
- 1605—1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes)
- 1605—1605: Settlement of New France
First successful New France colony at Port Royal
- 5 Nov 1605—5 Nov 1605: Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
|
| 115 | 1606 | - 1606—1606: The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed,
and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
- 1606—1606: Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
- 1606—1606: 12th April Adoption of Union Jack as the flag of "Great Britain"
The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia{\n}Episcopacy established in Scotland (against the wishes of the Scots
- 31 Jan 1606—31 Jan 1606: Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
- 12 Mar 1606—12 Mar 1606: Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is
used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
|
| 116 | 1607 | - 1607—1607: Jamestown is established
- 1607—1607: Flight of the Earls - leading Ulster families go into exile
- 14 May 1607—14 May 1607: Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in
North America
|
| 117 | 1608 | - 1608—1608: First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in
Jan 1610
- 1608—1608: Québec founded
Québec founded by Samuel de Champlain
- 1608—1608: Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope
|
| 118 | 1610 | - 1610—1610: James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted
and many of their records lost
- 1610—1610: James VI established the Episcopal Church in Scotland -
Presbyterians persecuted and many of their records lost
- 1610—1610: Henry Hudson explorations
Henry Hudson explores Hudson and James' Bays
|
| 119 | 1611 | - 1611—1611: Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain
- 1611—1611: Plantation of Ulster with English and Scottish colonists
Authorised (King James) version of Bible in England{\n}James VI and I created the title Baronet
- 22 May 1611—22 May 1611: James VI & I created the title of baronet
|
| 120 | 1613 | - 1613—1613: A copper farthing was produced, as a silver coin would be too small
- 29 Jun 1613—29 Jun 1613: The Globe Theatre in London burns during a performance of Henry the Eighth
(finally pulled down in 1644)
|
| 121 | 1616 | - 1616—1616: Death of Shakespeare (23rd April)
- 23 Apr 1616—23 Apr 1616: Tuesday Apr 23 (Julian calendar): Death of Shakespeare
|
| 122 | 1617 | - 1617—1617: Register of Sasines (Land Leases) established in Scotland -
record of the transfer of land and property
|
| 123 | 1618 | - 1618—1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I
|
| 124 | 1619 | - 4 Dec 1619—4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in
Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the
Americas)
|
| 125 | 1620 | - 1620—1620: Pilgrim Fathers land at Plymouth Rock
- 1620—1620: Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley
- 1620—1620: The Mayflower reaches America
- December 21st - founds Plymouth New England.{\n}Manufacture of coke patented by Dud Dudley
- 1620—1620: The earliest human-powered submarine invented
- 21 Dec 1620—21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New
England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)
|
| 126 | 1621 | - 1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
- 1621—1621: Chimneys to be made of brick and be four and half feet above roof
Shakespear's First Polio published
|
| 127 | 1622 | - 1622—1622: First English newspaper appeared - Weekly News'
- 1622—1622: First Englaish Newspaper appears
|
| 128 | 1624 | - 1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England: patents protected
- 1624—1624: Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
- 1624—1624: Monopoly Act in England - patents protected
- 1624—1624: William Oughtred invents a slide ruler
|
| 129 | 1625 | - 1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
- 1625—1649: King Charles I
King Charles I ( 1625 - 1649 ) {\n}{\n}1625 - Charles I succeeds his father, James I.{\n}1626 - Parliament attempts to impeach the Duke of Buckingham and is dissolved by Charles.{\n}1627 - England goes to war with France, but at La Rochelle the Duke of Bu
- 1625—1625: The size of bricks standardised in England around this time
Death of King James VI and I
- 1625—1649: Carolean Age
- 1625—1625: Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion
- 27 Mar 1625—27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
- 3 1625—30 Jan 1649: Charles I
House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649
|
| 130 | 1627 | - 1627—1627: The Company of One Hundred Associates formed to colonize New France
|
| 131 | 1628 | - 1 Mar 1628—1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns)
pay ship tax by this date
|
| 132 | 1629 | - 1629—1629: Parliament desolved by King Charles I -
did not meet for another 11 years
- 1629—1629: Québec captured by Britain
- 1629—1629: Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine
- 10 Mar 1629—10 Mar 1629: Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 yea
|
| 133 | 1630 | - 1630—1750: Renaissance Period - Art and Antiques
- 1630—1750: Baroque Period (Art and Antiques)
- 1630—1640: European diseases/epidemics kill indians
|
| 134 | 1632 | - 1632—1632: Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye
- 1632—1632: Québec returned to France by the 'Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye'
- 1632—1633: Samuel de Champlain named the first Governor of New France
- 7 1632—Jul 1632: Isaac de Razilly sails from LaRochelle
Isaac de Razilly departs from LaRochelle with Charles de Menou and 300 settlers.
- 9 Aug 1632—8 Sep 1632: Isaac de Razilly arrives at Le Heve
|
| 135 | 1633 | - Jun 1633—Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
|
| 136 | 1635 | - 1635—1635: Letter Office of England & Scotland started
- 1635—1635: Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
- 1635—1635: Letter Office of England and Scotland started
Flintlock invented this time
|
| 137 | 1636 | - 1636—1755: PRE-DEPORTATION PERIOD
- 1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
- 1636—1636: Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
- 1636—1636: W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer
- 4 Jan 1636—1 Apr 1636: Arrival of the St. Jehan in Port-Royal
The St. Jehan arrives in Port-Royal with French settlers, including both men and women.
|
| 138 | 1637 | - 1637—1637: Scottish Prayer Book published
- 1637—1638: Pequot War
|
| 139 | 1638 | - 1638—1638: King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason - forced Scots to choose
between their church and the King - a ?Covenant' swearing to resist these changes to the
Death was signed in Greyfriars Church Edinburgh and was accepted by hun
- 1638—1638: Charles regarded protests against the prayer book as treason
forced scots fgo choose between their church and the King - a "Covenant", swearing to resist changes to the death, was signed in Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousandsof Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)
|
| 140 | 1639 | - 1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
- 1639—1639: Act of Toleration in England established religious tolerance
|
| 141 | 1640 | - 3 Nov 1640—3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish
invasion
|
| 142 | 1641 | - 1641—1641: Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England
- 1641—1641: Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland
- 1641—1641: Charles I policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England -
Charles I and the English Parliament scknowledge the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
- 23 Oct 1641—23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
|
| 143 | 1642 | - 1642—1642: The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers
- 1642—1642: English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660)
- 1642—1642: 22nd August - Charles I raises his standard at Nottinngham -
First Civil War in England (to 1649) - first engagement at Edgehill - {\n}Scottish Covenanters side with the English rebels who take power -{\n}the Earl of Montrose sided with King Chalres, strife spilled into Scotland{\n}The Civil Ward interrupted the ke
- 1642—1642: Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine
- 22 Aug 1642—22 Aug 1642: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England (to
1649)
- 13 Nov 1642—13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in face of the
Parliamentarian army and fail to take London
- 24 Nov 1642—24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania)
- 18 Dec 1642—18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
|
| 144 | 1643 | - 1643—1643: Solomn League and Covenrant signed in Scotland
- 1643—1643: Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer
- 13 Dec 1643—13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton - victory for Parliamentarians - Sir Richard Bolle killed in St
Lawrence's church
|
| 145 | 1644 | - 1644—1644: Earlist Indepenent (Congregational) registers
Earliest Presbyterian registers
- 29 Jun 1644—29 Jun 1644: Battle of Cropredy Bridge - Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces
- 2 Jul 1644—2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor, near York - Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists
|
| 146 | 1645 | - 1645—1645: Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland
- 1645—1645: Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot
soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia - population of Scotland estimated at
420,000
- 1645—1645: Plague made its last appearance in Scotland
- 1645—1645: Battle of Philipburgh in Scotland
Inquisitions Post Mortem end{\n}Acotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia -{\n}Population of Scotland estimated at 420,000{\n}Plague made its last appearance in Sc
- 14 Jun 1645—14 Jun 1645: Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces
|
| 147 | 1646 | - 1646—1646: 20th June: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
- 5 May 1646—5 May 1646: Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark
- 20 Jun 1646—20 Jun 1646: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
|
| 148 | 1647 | - 1647—1647: Earliest Baptist registers survive from this year
|
| 149 | 1648 | - 1648—1648: Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox
- 1648—1648: First practical thermometers made
|
| 150 | 1649 | - 1649—1649: Cromwell's Irish campaign starts
- 1649—1649: King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
- 1649—1649: 30th June: King Charles I executed
19th May: Commonwealth declared{\n}Cromwell's Irish campaign starts{\n}King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
- 1649—1660: Commonwealth period - Oliver Cromwell
- 6 Jan 1649—6 Jan 1649: 'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial
- 30 Jan 1649—30 Jan 1649: King Charles I executed
- 19 May 1649—19 May 1649: Commonwealth declared
- 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Theatres banned by Cromwell
- 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Christmas banned by Cromwell
- 12 1649—3 Sep 1658: Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Commonwealth & Protectorate:
|
| 151 | 1650 | - 1650—1650: Coffee brought to England about this time
- 1650—1650: George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers)
Coffee brought to England about this time
- 1650—1650: Otto von Guericke invents a air pump
|
| 152 | 1651 | - 1651—1651: The second English Civil War (1651-1652)
- 1651—1651: Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America
- 1651—1652: The second English Civil War
Scottish prisoners transported to the English settlements in America
- 3 Sep 1651—3 Sep 1651: Battle of Worcester
|
| 153 | 1653 | - 1653—1653: Commonwealth registers start
- 1653—1653: Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land
- 1653—1653: Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London
- 1653—1660: Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London
- 1653—1653: Commonwealther registers start
Commonwealth changed into Cromwell's Protectorate{\n}Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land (in Ireland?)
- 20 Apr 1653—20 Apr 1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament
- 16 Dec 1653—16 Dec 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,
Scotland and Ireland
|
| 154 | 1655 | - 1655—1655: Fort Port-Royal is captured by the British
- 1655—1655: Fort Port-Royal captured by the British
|
| 155 | 1656 | - 1656—1656: Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock
|
| 156 | 1657 | - 1657—1657: Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]
- 1657—1657: A few Jews permitted to settle in England
- 1657—1657: Post Office established by Act of Parliament (others say 1660)
A few Jews permitted to settle in England
|
| 157 | 1658 | - 1658—1658: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)
- 1658—1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
- 1658—1660: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector
- 9 Mar 1658—24 May 1659: Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector
Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659
- 3 Sep 1658—3 Sep 1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
|
| 158 | 1659 | - 1659—1659: Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK
- 1659—1659: 6th February - date of first known cheque to be drawn
- 1659—1659: Lake Superior explored
Pierre-Esprit Radisson & Sieur des Groseilliers explore Lake Superior
- 6 Feb 1659—6 Feb 1659: Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn
|
| 159 | 1660 | - 1660—1660: Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed
- 1660—1660: Provincial Probate Courts re-established
- 1660—1660: Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom
- 1660—1660: Composition of light discovered by Newton
- 1660—1660: Honourable East India Company founded by British
- 1660—1660: 1st January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary
29th May - Restoration of British Monarchy - Oak Apple Day - Theartres reopened{\n}Commonwealth registers ended, Parish registers resumed{\n}Provincial Probate Courtds re-established{\n}Oct: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn - Thomas H
- 1660—1660: Quaker-Scottish colony was established in East New Jersey
- 1660—1685: King Charles II
King Charles II ( 1660 - 1685 ) {\n}{\n}1660 - Charles returns to England from Holland and is restored to the throne.{\n}1662 - Act of Uniformity compels Puritans to accept the doctrines of the Church of England or leave the church.{\n}1665 - Outbreak of
- 1660—1660: Restoration Period
- 1660—1660: Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region
- 1 Jan 1660—1 Jan 1660: Samuel Pepys starts his diary
- 5 May 1660—6 Feb 1685: Charles II
House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649.
- 29 May 1660—29 May 1660: Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres
reopened
- 17 Oct 1660—17 Oct 1660: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn
- 28 Nov 1660—28 Nov 1660: Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir
Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society
- 8 Dec 1660—8 Dec 1660: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)
|
| 160 | 1661 | - 1661—1661: Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland
- 1661—1661: Board of Trade founded in London
- 1661—1661: Hand-struck postage stamps first used
- 1661—1661: Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office
- 1661—1661: Persectution of Non-Conformists in England
Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland{\n}Board of Trade founded in London{\n}Hand-struck postage stamps first used{\n}Corporation Act prevents non-anglicans from holding municipal office
- 30 Jan 1661—30 Jan 1661: Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!
|
| 161 | 1662 | - 1662—1662: 'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)
- 1662—1662: Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering
poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)
- 1662—1662: Tea introduced to Britain
- 1662—1662: Hearth Tax
Poor Relief Act "Act of Settlement" - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin{\n}Act of Uniformity - about 2,00 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyerians and Independants){\n}Persectution
- 24 Aug 1662—24 Aug 1662: Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About
2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and
Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established -
E
|
| 162 | 1663 | - 1663—1663: Earliest Roman Cathilic registers
- 1663—1663: Great Québec earthquake
- 1663—1663: Québec becomes a crown colony (royal province) of France
- 1663—1663: James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope
|
| 163 | 1664 | - 29 May 1664—29 May 1664: Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered
London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day
of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common
Pray
- 27 Aug 1664—27 Aug 1664: Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col.
Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is
renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York
|
| 164 | 1665 | - 1665—1665: Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000
- 1665—1665: Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain
- 1665—1665: Great Plague of London
- 7 Nov 1665—7 Nov 1665: The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the
United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the
United Kingdom
|
| 165 | 1666 | - 1666—1666: Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester
- 1666—1666: Newton formulated Laws of Gravity
- 1666—1666: 2nd to 6th September; Great Fire of London,
after a drought beginning 27th June{\n}Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester{\n}Act of Parliament - burials to be in woollen
- 1666—1689: Considerable religious unrest on Scotland (The Covenanteers)
Covenanteers Rising at St. John's Town of Dalry
- 1666—1666: First New World Census
Census taken by Intendant Jean Talon in New France of 3215 inhabitants
- 2 Sep 1666—2 Sep 1666: Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)
|
| 166 | 1667 | - 1667—1667: Treaty of Breda
Acadia is recognized as a French possession
|
| 167 | 1668 | - 1668—1668: British East India Company obtains control of Bombay
- 1668—1668: Newton constructs reflecting telescope
- 1668—1668: Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope
|
| 168 | 1669 | - 1669—1669: Earliest Lutheran registers survive from this year
- 31 May 1669—31 May 1669: Last entry in Pepys's diary
|
| 169 | 1670 | - 1670—1670: Treaty of Breda
- 1670—1670: Earliest Synagogue registers - Bevis Marks
- 1670—1670: Dom Pérignon invents Champagne
- 1670—1670: The first reference to a candy cane is made
- 5 Feb 1670—2 May 1670: Hudson's Bay Company formed
Hudson's Bay Company granted trade rights over all territory draining into Hudson's Bay
- 26 May 1670—26 May 1670: King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover
|
| 170 | 1671 | - 1671—1671: First Acadian Census
The population of Acadia numbering 340 is enumerated for its first census.
- 1671—1671: Census of Acadia
First census of Acadians in Port Royal, New France, counts 340
- 1671—1671: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine
- 9 May 1671—9 May 1671: Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels
|
| 171 | 1672 | - 1672—1672: Founding of Beaubassin
Beaubassin in the Chignecto Region is established
- 1672—1672: High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland
- 1672—1672: War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men
- 1672—1672: High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland
War with Holland - British Army increased to 10,000 men
- 1672—1678: Comte de Frontenac governs New France
|
| 172 | 1673 | - 1673—1673: First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
- 1673—1673: First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
- 1673—1673: First European settlement in Great Lakes Region
Fort Cataraqui (later Fort Frontenac) established by the French
|
| 173 | 1674 | - 10 Nov 1674—10 Nov 1674: Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern
coast of North America) to Britain
|
| 174 | 1675 | - 1675—1675: Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury
- 1675—1675: Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710)
- 1675—1675: Beginning of Whig Party under Shaftsbury
10th August; Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
- 1675—1675: Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch
- 4 Mar 1675—4 Mar 1675: John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England
- 7 Apr 1675—12 Aug 1676: King Philip's War
New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians
- 10 Aug 1675—10 Aug 1675: Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
|
| 175 | 1676 | - 1676—1676: Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was
intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and
Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes
- 1676—1676: Robert Hooke invents the universal joint
|
| 176 | 1677 | - 1677—1677: Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published
- 1677—1677: Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published
|
| 177 | 1678 | - 1678—1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
- 1678—1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
- 1678—1678: The first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britiannica" published -
in Edinburgh by William Smellie
- 1678—1678: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 178 | 1679 | - 1679—1679: Tories first so named
- 1679—1679: 27th May: Haveas Corpus Act became law in England
(Later repealed from time to time){\n}Tories first so named{\n}Battle of Bothwell Brig in Scotland{\n}Buriel in Woolen more strictly enforced
- 1679—1679: Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker
- 27 May 1679—27 May 1679: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to
time)
|
| 179 | 1680 | - 1680—1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
- 1680—1680: Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting
- 1680—1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
- 1680—1770: Chinoiserie Period (Art and Antiques)
|
| 180 | 1681 | - 1681—1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
- 1681—1681: Oil lighting first used in London streets
- 1681—1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
Oil lighting first used in London streets.
|
| 181 | 1682 | - 1682—1682: Founding of Grand-Pré
Grand-Pré located in Minas is founded. It will become the bread basket of Acadia.
- 1682—1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
- 1682—1682: Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland
- 1682—1682: Halley observes the comet which bears his name
- 1682—1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland
|
| 182 | 1683 | - 1683—1683: Wild boar become extinct in Britain
- 1683—1683: 6th June: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum on Britain
- 6 Jun 1683—6 Jun 1683: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain
|
| 183 | 1684 | - 1684—1684: Presbyterian settlement in Stuart's Town in South Carolina
Huguenot registers begin in London
|
| 184 | 1685 | - 1685—1685: James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of
Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men
- 1685—1685: Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland
- 1685—1685: Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported
- 1685—1685: Earl of Argyll's invasion of Scotland
James II (1689-1689 died 1701){\n}Monmouth Rebellion and Battle of Sedgemoor{\n}British Army raised to 20,000 men{\n}Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported{\n}Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - drove thousands of Proestants
- 1685—1688: King James II
King James II ( 1685 - 1688 ) {\n}{\n}1685 - James succeeds his brother, Charles II.{\n}1685 - Rebellion of the Earl of Argyll in Scotland designed to place the Duke of Monmouth, Charles II's illegitimate son, on the throne is crushed and Argyll is execut
- 2 Jun 1685—13 Feb 1689: James II
House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689
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| 185 | 1686 | - 1686—1686: Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
- 1686—1686: Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
- 1686—1686: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 186 | 1687 | - 1687—1687: St-Charles des Mines Church is built at Grand-Pré
- 4 Apr 1687—4 Apr 1687: James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics
and non-conformists
- 5 Jul 1687—5 Jul 1687: Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' - written
in Latin
|
| 187 | 1688 | - 1688—1688: British Army raised to 40,000
- 1688—1688: Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament
- 1688—1688: Hearth Tax abolished
- 1688—1688: Mutiny Act
- 1688—1688: February: Edward Lloyds Coffee House - later became Lloyd's of London
November: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates{\n}William of Orange lands in England{\n}William of Hanover and Mary daughter of James II, jointly take the throne - (only William, however, has regal power){\n}British Army raised to 40,000{\n}Bill of
- Feb 1688—Feb 1688: Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens - later became Lloyd's of London
- Nov 1688—Nov 1688: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates
- 5 Nov 1688—5 Nov 1688: William of Orange lands at Torbay
- Dec 1688—Dec 1688: Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)
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| 188 | 1689 | - 1689—1689: Devonport naval dockyard established
- 1689—1702: King William III and Queen Mary II
King William III and Queen Mary II ( 1689 - 1702 ) {\n}{\n}1689 - Parliament draws up the Declaration of Right detailing the unconstitutional acts of James II. William and Mary become joint sovereigns.{\n}1689 - Bill of Rights is passed in Parliament.{\n}
- 1689—1689: Deposed James VII and II flees to Ireland
Defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1690){\n}Earliest Royal Dutch Chapel registers{\n}Seige of Londonderry{\n}Toleration Act for Protestant non-conformists{\n}Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland
- 1689—1697: King William's War
English Colonies vs France
- 1689—1701: French - Five Nations Indian war
- 13 Feb 1689—13 Feb 1689: William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)
- 12 Mar 1689—12 Mar 1689: Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1
Jul 1690)
- 24 May 1689—24 May 1689: Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists
- 27 Jul 1689—27 Jul 1689: Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland - Jacobites defeated Government troops but
at high cost
- 16 Dec 1689—16 Dec 1689: Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or
wage war
- 2 1689—28 Dec 1694: William III and Mary II
House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
|
| 189 | 1690 | - 1690—1690: The British capture Port-Royal
Port-Royal is captured by the British. It will be renamed Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.
- 1690—1690: Great Synagogue founded
Presbyterian fonally established in Scotland{\n}Battle of the Boyne
- 1690—1690: Port-Royal captured
British capture Port-Royal and rename it to Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
- 1690—1690: The Presbyterian Church is permanently restored and becomes the Church of Scotland.
- 20 May 1690—20 May 1690: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II
|
| 190 | 1691 | - 1691—1691: Earliest date in known German Lutheran registers
- 1691—1691: Newfoundland census
Census taken in Newfoundland
|
| 191 | 1692 | - 1692—1692: Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public
offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of
wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Ta
- 1692—1692: French intention to invade England came to nothing
- 1692—1692: The Massacre of Glencoe
Clan Campbell side with the king and murder members of the Clan McDonald (1691?)
- 1692—1692: French intention to invade England came to naught
- 13 Feb 1692—13 Feb 1692: The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and
murders members of Clan McDonald
|
| 192 | 1693 | - 1693—1693: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1693—1693: Newfoundland census
Census taken in Newfoundland
- 4 Aug 1693—4 Aug 1693: Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne
|
| 193 | 1694 | - 1694—1694: National Debt came into effect in England
- 1694—1694: Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland
- 1694—1694: Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler
- 1694—1694: Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years
- 1694—1694: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)
- 1694—1694: National Deb came into effect in England
Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot){\n}Triennial Act
- 1694—1699: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane
- 27 Jul 1694—27 Jul 1694: Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
- 12 1694—8 Mar 1702: William III
House of Stuart (restored): Reigned alone after death of Mary II
|
| 194 | 1695 | - 1695—1695: Freedom of Press in England granted
- 1695—1695: Bank of Scotland founded
- 1695—1695: Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the
birth of a child (repealed 1706)
- 1695—1695: Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the
parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'
- 1695—1695: Freedom of the Press
Bank of Scotland founded{\n}Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed in 1706){\n}Start of "Dissenters" lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish churc
- 1695—1695: Census of Acadia
Census of St. Jean River Acadians
|
| 195 | 1696 | - 1696—1696: Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses
Education Act passed by Scottish Parliament{\n}Window Tax (replaced Hearth Tax) increased in 1747; abolished in 1851)
|
| 196 | 1697 | - 1697—1697: Treaty of Ryswick
- 1697—1697: 2nd December - Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
- 2 Dec 1697—2 Dec 1697: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
|
| 197 | 1698 | - 1698—1698: Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery
- 1698—1698: Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama
- 1698—1698: Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
- 1698—1698: Invention of steam engine by Captain Thomas Savery
Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama{\n}Duties (Taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
- 1698—1698: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1698—1698: Englishmen, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump
- 4 Jan 1698—4 Jan 1698: Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire
- 14 Nov 1698—14 Nov 1698: Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
|
| 198 | 1700 | - 1700—1700: Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
- 1700—1700: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 199 | 1701 | - 1701—1701: Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne
- 1701—1701: Founding of Petitcodiac
- 1701—1701: Act of Parliament bars Catholice from the British throne
- 1701—1701: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1701—1701: Jethro Tull invents the seed drill
- 23 May 1701—23 May 1701: After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain
William Kidd hanged in London
|
| 200 | 1702 | - 1702—1702: 8th March - Anne Stuart becomes Queen
11th March - First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735){\n}War of Spanish Succession (1702- 1713)
- 1702—1714: Queen Anne
Queen Anne ( 1702 - 1714 ) {\n}{\n}1702 - Anne succeeds her brother-in-law, William III.{\n}1702 - England declares war on France in the War of the Spanish Succession{\n}1704 - English, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under Marlborough defeat the French at
- 1702—1714: Queen Ann Period (Art & Antiques)
- 1702—1713: Queen Anne's War
English Colonies vs France
- 1702—1702: War of Spanish Succession
- 8 Mar 1702—8 Mar 1702: Anne Stuart becomes Queen
- 11 Mar 1702—11 Mar 1702: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
- 3 Aug 1702—1 Aug 1714: Anne
House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs
|
| 201 | 1703 | - 1703—1703: Eighth Acadian census
With a population of 1,450, the Acadians are enumerated again.
- 1703—1703: Repeal of Duties on entries in Parish Registers
Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
- 1703—1703: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France counts 1,450
- 4 Aug 1703—4 Aug 1703: British take Gibraltar
- 24 Nov 1703—24 Nov 1703: Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage
across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone
lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
|
| 202 | 1704 | - 1704—1704: Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
- 1704—1704: Newfoundland census
Census taken in Newfoundland listing only heads of families
- 13 Aug 1704—13 Aug 1704: Battle of Blenheim
|
| 203 | 1705 | - 1705—1705: Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
- 1705—1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710
or 1711)
- 1705—1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newman
|
| 204 | 1706 | - 1706—1706: First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London
|
| 205 | 1707 | - 1707—1707: 1st January - Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading pri
Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March{\n}1st May - English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - {\n}the Kingdom of Great Britian established{\n}Last use of veto by a British sovereign
- 1707—1707: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 1707—1707: The Act of Union is formed between Scotland and England, creating Great Britain.
- 16 Jan 1707—16 Jan 1707: Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English
Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in
March
- 1 May 1707—1 May 1707: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament -
The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
|
| 206 | 1708 | - 1708—1708: Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
- 1708—1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland
- 1708—1708: Queen Anne's war breaks out
Queen Anne's war breaks out and there is unrest with the British.
- 1708—1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland
Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
- 1708—1708: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
|
| 207 | 1709 | - 1709—1709: Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain
- 1709—1709: First Copyright Act pass
- 1709—1709: Second Eddystone lighthouse completed
- 1709—1709: First Copyright Act passed
- 1709—1709: Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano
- 2 Feb 1709—2 Feb 1709: Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book
Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
|
| 208 | 1710 | - 1710—1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
- 1710—1710: Port-Royal falls to the British
Port-Royal falls to the British one last time and now called Annapolis Royal after Queen Anne.
- 1710—1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures
|
| 209 | 1711 | - 1711—1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
- 1711—1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
- 1711—1711: Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork
- 11 Aug 1711—11 Aug 1711: First race meeting at Ascot
- 8 1711—23 Aug 1711: British Fleet runs aground on Ile-aux-Oeufs
950 drown while preparing to attack Québec
|
| 210 | 1712 | - 1712—1712: Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans
- 1712—1712: Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
- 1712—1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)
- 1712—1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1835)
Last trial of witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham){\n}Toleration Act passed{\n}First relief to non-Anglicans{\n}Patronage Act - patronage of ministers restored
- 1712—1712: Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine
|
| 211 | 1713 | - 1713—1713: By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
- 1713—1713: Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht. Acadia now belongs to England and never again returns to France.
- 1713—1713: Treaty of Utrecht concludes the Was of the Spanish Succession
- 1713—1713: Nova Scotia created
Britain renames Acadia to Nova Scotia
- 1713—1713: Treaty of Utrecht
Britain gets possession of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia -- except for Ile Royale (Cape Breton)
|
| 212 | 1714 | - 1714—1714: Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism
- 1714—1714: Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England
- 1714—1714: Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of
determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).
- 1714—1714: 1st August - Queen Anne Stuart died - George I Hanover becomes king
Chancery Proceedings filed under Six Clerics{\n}Schism Act{\n}Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism{\n}Quater Sessions Records from this date often mention Protestant dissenters and Roman Cathilic Recusants
- 1714—1727: King George I
King George I ( 1714 - 1727 ) {\n}{\n}1714 - George I, the first Hanoverian King, succeeds his distant cousin, Anne.{\n}1714 - A new Parliament is elected with a strong Whig majority led by Robert Walpole. {\n}1715 - The Jacobite rising begins in Scotland
- 1714—1714: Census of Acadia
Census of Acadians in New France
- 8 Jan 1714—Oct 1727: George I
House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sohia, granddaughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement
- 1 Aug 1714—1 Aug 1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
|
| 213 | 1715 | - 1715—1715: Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')
- 1715—1715: Riot Act passed
Second Jacobire rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender (the fifteenth)
- 1715—1715: Scots support James Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.
Called the first Jacobite rebellion.
- 1 Aug 1715—1 Aug 1715: Riot Act passed
|
| 214 | 1716 | - 1716—1716: Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without
interrupting the frost fair
- 1716—1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections
now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)
- 1716—1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption -
general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3
- 1716—1716: Census of Acadia
Census of Port Toulouse Acadians
|
| 215 | 1717 | - 1717—1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London
- 1717—1717: Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
- 1717—1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London
- 1717—1717: Edmond Halley invents the diving bell
|
| 216 | 1719 | - 1719—1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
- 1719—1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
|
| 217 | 1720 | - 1720—1720: Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
- 1720—1720: Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth
- 1720—1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes
control of National Debt
- 1720—1720: The French begin construction of the fortress at Louisbourg
The fortress at Louisbourg begins construction.
- 1720—1720: Irish Famine
- 1720—1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Esxchange Alley
Manufacturing towns start to0 increase in population - rise of new wealth
|
| 218 | 1721 | - 1721—1721: Robert Walpole (whig) becaomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
Bailey's Northern Directory
- 2 Apr 1721—2 Apr 1721: Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
|
| 219 | 1722 | - 1722—1722: Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
- 1722—1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
- 1722—1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
Knatchbull's Act, poor law
- 1722—1722: French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher
|
| 220 | 1723 | - 1723—1723: The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
- 1723—1723: The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be
sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827
- 1723—1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
- 1723—1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching{\n}The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
- 1723—1726: Drummer's War
|
| 221 | 1724 | - 1724—1724: Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
- 1724—1724: Rapid growth of gin drinking in England
- 1724—1724: Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer
|
| 222 | 1725 | - 1725—1726: Treaty of Hanover: France, Prussia, England v. Spain, Austria
- 12 1725—15 Dec 1725: Indian Treaties Signed
Treaties between Eastern Aboriginal Peoples and Great Britain
|
| 223 | 1726 | - 1726—1726: Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
- 1726—1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
- 1726—1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
|
| 224 | 1727 | - 1727—1727: Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland
- 1727—1727: Board of Manufactoring established in Scotland
11th June George I died - George II Hanover becomes king
- 1727—1760: King George II
King George II ( 1727 - 1760 ) {\n}{\n}1727 - George succeeds his father, George I.{\n}1732 - A royal charter is granted for the founding of Georgia in America.{\n}1737 - Death of George's wife, Queen Caroline.{\n}1738 - John and Charles Wesley start the
- 11 Jun 1727—11 Jun 1727: George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
- 6 Nov 1727—25 Oct 1760: George II
House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg
|
| 225 | 1729 | - 1729—1729: Methodists begin in Oxford
- 9 Nov 1729—9 Nov 1729: Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained
control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
|
| 226 | 1730 | - 1730—1730: Irish famine
- 1730—1750: Rococo Period (Art and Antiques)
|
| 227 | 1731 | - 1731—1731: Invention of sextant by John Hadley
- 1731—1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]
- 1731—1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull
Invention of sextant by John Hadley
|
| 228 | 1732 | - 1732—1732: Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls
- 7 Dec 1732—7 Dec 1732: Covent Garden Opera House opens
|
| 229 | 1733 | - 1733—1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
- 1733—1733: Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in
Latin for a few years
- 1733—1733: Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine -
Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax
- 1733—1733: Excise crisis; Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine
Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax{\n}Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years
- 1733—1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle
|
| 230 | 1734 | - 1734—1734: Kent's Directory published
- 1734—1734: Kent's Directory
|
| 231 | 1737 | - 1737—1737: Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship
of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)
|
| 232 | 1738 | - 1738—1738: Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers
John Wesley has his conversion experience
- 24 May 1738—24 May 1738: John Wesley has his conversion experience
|
| 233 | 1739 | - 1739—1739: Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
- 1739—1739: Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
- 1739—1739: Last French-rule census
- 7 Apr 1739—7 Apr 1739: Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York
- 23 Oct 1739—23 Oct 1739: War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain
|
| 234 | 1741 | - 1741—1741: Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian
registers
- 1741—1741: Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodist or Inghamites
Earliest Moravian registers{\n}Earliest Scotch Church registers
|
| 235 | 1742 | - 1742—1742: England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham)
for the sake of trade
- 1742—1742: England goes to war with Spain -
incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for sake of trade
- 1742—1742: 16th June Battle of Dettingen - last time British soveriegn (George II) led troops into battle
|
| 236 | 1743 | - 16 Jun 1743—16 Jun 1743: (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British
sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
|
| 237 | 1744 | - 1744—1744: Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
- 1744—1744: Church of Scotland split over taking of Burgess' Oath
- Burghers and Anti Burghers{\n}First Methodist Conference
- 1744—1748: King George's War
French Colonies vs Great Britain
- 1744—1744: War of the Austrian Succession (King George's War)
European war sets England against France
- 4 Sep 1744—9 Apr 1744: Great Britain declares war against France
New France vs British in Nova Scotia
- 3 Nov 1744—11 Mar 1744: France declares war against England
New France vs British in Nova Scotia
|
| 238 | 1745 | - 1745—1745: Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
- 1745—1745: Jacobite rebellion in Scotland (The Forty-Five)
August - Bonnie Prince Charlies (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh and England as far as Derby
- 1745—1745: Louisbourg taken from France
Louisbourg captured by Gov. William Shirley of Massachusetts
- 1745—1745: Scots support James' son Charles Edward Stuart as the king of Great Britain.
Called the second Jacobite rebellion.
- 1745—1745: E.G. von Kleist invents the leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor
- 19 Aug 1745—19 Aug 1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands -
raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth,
Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
|
| 239 | 1746 | - 1746—1746: English defeat the forces of Charles Edward Stuart in the Battle of Culloden.
After this battle, the English executed many clan chiefs and outlawed kilts and bagpipes. These restrictions were removed in 1782.
- 16 Apr 1746—16 Apr 1746: Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by
the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to
Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
- 4 1746—16 Apr 1746: Battle of Culloden
16th April - last battle fought in Britain - 5000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
|
| 240 | 1747 | - 1747—1747: Act for Pacification of the Highlands
- 1747—1747: Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
- 1747—1747: Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
Act of Pacification of the Highlands
|
| 241 | 1748 | - 1748—1756: Couontess Huntington's (Calvanistic) Methodist Connexion founded
- 1748—1748: Treaty of Aix-de-Chapelle ends French-British war
returns Louisbourg to France
|
| 242 | 1749 | - 1749—1749: Founding of Halifax
The English found Halifax and bring 2,576 English settlers to populate and settle the land.
- 1749—1749: Britain founds Halifax
2,576 English settlers brought to Halifax to counter French presence at Louisbourg
- 27 Apr 1749—27 Apr 1749: First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park,
London)
- 8 1749—15 Aug 1749: Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties
N.S. Gov. Cornwallis and Malecites sign treaty
|
| 243 | 1750 | - 1750—1805: Neo-Classical Period (Art and Antiques)
- 1750—1770: Gothic Revival Period (Art and Antiques)
- Feb 1750—Feb 1750: Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with
predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)
- 16 Nov 1750—16 Nov 1750: Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
|
| 244 | 1751 | - Mar 1751—Mar 1751: Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed - royal assent to the bill was given on 22
May 1751 - decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his
|
| 245 | 1752 | - 1752—1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor
- 1752—1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted
in England (3rd September) - making this September 14th - "Give us back our 11 days!"{\n}Year standard to end 31st December (previously March 24)
- 1752—1752: Census of Ile St-Jean
Sieur de la Rocque census of Prince Edward Island
- 1752—1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightening rod
- 1 Jan 1752—1 Jan 1752: Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year
in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as
1582]
- 3 Sep 1752—3 Sep 1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and
Scotland, making this Sep 14
- 11 1752—22 Nov 1752: Treaty signed to renew the 1725 Indian Treaties
N.S. Gov. Cornwallis and Micmac sign treaty
- 3 1752—23 Mar 1752: First newspaper printed in Canada
The Halifax Gazette begins publication
|
| 246 | 1753 | - 1753—1753: Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum
- 1753—1753: Earliest Inghamite registers
- 1753—1753: French defeat George Washington's military campaign
- 1 May 1753—1 May 1753: Publication of ?Species Plantarum' by Linnaeus and the formal start date of plant
taxonomy
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| 247 | 1754 | - 1754—1754: First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India
- 1754—1754: In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by
subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one
- 1754—1754: Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be
used - Quakers & Jews exempt
- 1754—10 Feb 1763: The French and Indian War
 The French and Indian War
- 1754—1754: Hardwicke Act (1753
Banns to be called and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used{\n}Quakers and Jews Exempt{\n}First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India{\n}First printed Annual Army Lists
- 1754—1754: French and Indian War
France & Indians fight British
|
| 248 | 1755 | - 1755—1755: Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)
- 1755—1755: Publication of Dictionary of the English Language' by Dr Samuel Johnson
- 1755—1763: DEPORTATION PERIOD
- 1755—1827: Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr, Johnson
Period of canal construction began in Britian
- 1755—1755: Postal Service established
British establish service in Halifax, Nova Scotia
- 1755—1763: The Great Expulsion
Over 10,000 Acadians forced from their Nova Scotia homes by British Governor Charles Lawrence
- 1755—1755: Samuel Johnson publishes the first English language dictionary
- 9 Feb 1755—2 Sep 1755: Deportation of the Acadian population
The Acadian Diaspora/Deportation begins and will go on for years. On this date in 1755, Colonel John Winslow proclaimed the Deportation Order.
- 2 Dec 1755—2 Dec 1755: Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire
|
| 249 | 1756 | - 1756—1756: The Seven Year War with France (Pitt's trade was) begins
- 1756—1763: French and Indian War
Also known as Seven Years War. French Colonies vs Great Britain
- 1756—Feb 1763: Europe's Seven Years' War - North America's French-Indian war
Montcalm commands French troops against British and Indians in North America
- 15 May 1756—15 May 1756: The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins
- Jun 1756—Jun 1756: Black Hole of Calcutta - 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British
sources
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| 250 | 1757 | - 1757—1757: The foundation laid for the Empire of India
- 1757—1757: India - The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British -
but is defeated at the battle of Plassy {\n}The East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive{\n}Black Hole of Calcutta{\n}The foundation laid for the Empire of India
- 1757—1757: John Campbell invents the sextant
- 14 Mar 1757—14 Mar 1757: Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca
- 23 Jun 1757—23 Jun 1757: The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of
Plassey (Palashi, June 23) - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive
|
| 251 | 1758 | - 1758—1758: India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it
politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade
- 1758—1758: Deportation of the Acadians at Ile Ste Jean (PEI)
Acadians who had gone to Ile Ste Jean/Prince Edward Island earlier in agreement with the British Government, or who had fled there later, are deported to France. A group escapes to Malpèque and is not discovered. Later they will be part of the founding fa
- 1758—1758: Acadians on Ile Royale/Cape Breton are deported to France
- 1758—1758: India stops being merely a commercial venture
England begins dominating itpolitically{\n}The East India Comp-any retains its monopoly although is ceased to trade
- 1758—1758: Acadian deportation
Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island's Acadians deported to France -- three ships of Acadians sink. Other Acadians flee
- 1758—1758: British capture Fort Louisburg
French power declines
- 1758—1758: Dolland invents a chromatic lens
|
| 252 | 1759 | - 1759—1759: Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels
- 1759—1759: British Museum opens to the public in London (15th Jan)
March The first predicted retunr of Halley's comet{\n}Welsey builds 356 Methodist Chapels
- 1759—1761: Cherokee War
English Colonists vs Cherokee Indians
- 15 Jan 1759—15 Jan 1759: British Museum opens to the public in London
- 16 Oct 1759—16 Oct 1759: Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton's) completed
- 9 1759—13 Sep 1759: Battle of the Plains of Abraham
General James Wolfe defeats Montcalm but both die (New France Ends--British North America begins)
|
| 253 | 1760 | - 1760—1760: Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland
- 1760—1820: King George III
King George III ( 1760 - 1820 ) {\n}{\n}1760 - George becomes king on the death of his grandfather, George II.{\n}1762 - The Earl of Bute is appointed Prime Minister. Bute proves so unpopular that he needs to have a bodyguard.{\n}1763 - Peace of Paris end
- 1760—1760: George II dies (25th October)
George III Hanover, his grandson becomes king{\n}The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called "first Industrial Revolution"{\n}Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland{\n}5th May First use of hangman's drop - last nobleman to be executed (La
- 5 May 1760—5 May 1760: First use of hangman's drop
- 2 Oct 1760—10 Feb 1760: British capture Quebec
- 3 Oct 1760—25 Jun 1761: Peace treaties between Micmac and British
Micmac recognize British dominion over Nova Scotia
- 25 Oct 1760—25 Oct 1760: George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called first Industrial Revolution'
- 2 1760—23 Feb 1760: Treaty signed to end war
Malecites & Passamaquoddys sign treaty acknowledging King George III as Sovereign
- 10 1760—29 Jan 1820: George III
House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg
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| 254 | 1761 | - 1761—1761: Englishmen, John Harrison invents the navigational clock or marine chronometer for measuring longitude
- 16 Jan 1761—16 Jan 1761: British capture Pondicherry, India from the French
|
| 255 | 1762 | - 1762—1762: Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
- 1762—1762: Earliest Unitarian registers
France surrenders Canada and Florida{\n}Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
|
| 256 | 1763 | - 1763—1763: Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland
[fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French
as the international language
- 1763—1763: Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris. The Seven Years War between France and England ends. All of France's North American possessions now belong to England.
- 1763—1884: POST-DEPORTATION PERIOD
- 1763—1763: Treaty of Paris
gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - Newfoundland (fishing), Guadaloupe and Martinique (sugar), Dakar (gum) - but English displaces French as the International Language
- 1763—1763: Treaty of Paris
Britain controls North American French colonies (except St. Pierre & Micquelon)
|
| 257 | 1764 | - 1764—1764: Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight
- 1764—1764: James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)
- 1764—1764: Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
- 1764—1764: Practice of numbering houses introduced to London
- 1764—1764: Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
- 1764—1764: James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny
- 8 1764—1862: Indian treaties transferring land to Britain
|
| 258 | 1765 | - 1765—1765: The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe
- 1765—1765: First Acadians settle in Louisiana
- 1765—1765: Stamp Act passed
- 22 Mar 1765—22 Mar 1765: Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the
American colonies (repealed the following year)
|
| 259 | 1766 | - 1766—1766: Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK
- 5 Dec 1766—5 Dec 1766: Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie
|
| 260 | 1767 | - 1767—1767: Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
- 1767—1767: First Iron railroads built for mines by John Wilkinson
Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
- 1767—1767: Census of Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia census adds religion and ethnic-origin questions
- 1767—1767: Joseph Priestley invents carbonated water - soda water
|
| 261 | 1768 | - 1768—1768: Richard Arkwright patents the spinning frame
- 9 Jan 1768—9 Jan 1768: Philip Astley starts his circus in London
- 6 Dec 1768—6 Dec 1768: The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by
William Smellie
|
| 262 | 1769 | - 1769—1769: Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
- 1769—1769: Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
- 1769—1769: Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
- 1769—1769: Ile St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) separated
Ile St. Jean separated from the Colony of Nova Scotia
- 1769—1769: James Watt invents an improved steam engine
- 6 Sep 1769—6 Sep 1769: David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
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| 263 | 1770 | - 1770—1770: Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major
thoroughfare for maritime communications
- 1770—1770: Hargreave's jenny invented (textile production)
28th April - James Cook discovers New South Wales{\n}Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications
- 28 Apr 1770—28 Apr 1770: Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims
Australia for Britain
|
| 264 | 1771 | - 1771—1771: Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
- 1771—1772: Samuel Hearne reaches the Arctic via land travel
|
| 265 | 1772 | - 1772—1772: Morning Post' first published (until 1937)
- 1772—1772: First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company
- 1772—1772: Jundge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery (14th May)
in England{\n}First Navy Lists published
- 14 May 1772—14 May 1772: Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
|
| 266 | 1773 | - 1773—1773: Census of Acadians in France
The 2,370 Acadians in France are enumerated.
- 1773—1858: East India Company governs Hindustan
- 1773—1773: Boston Tea Party (16 December)
|
| 267 | 1774 | - 1774—1774: Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph
- 13 Sep 1774—13 Sep 1774: Cook arrives on Easter Island
- 6 1774—22 Jun 1774: Québec Act
Britain extends Québec border to include present-day Ontario and grants religious freedom to Catholics
|
| 268 | 1775 | |
| 269 | 1776 | - 1776—1776: Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
- 1776—1776: Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine
- 1776—1776: Acadians fight in the Eddy Rebellion
22 Acadians under the command of Captain Isaie Boudreau fight under Colonel Jonathan Eddy (the Eddy Rebellion) in an effort to retake Fort Cumberland.
- 1776—1776: American Declaration of Independence (July 4th)
- 1776—1776: North West Company formed
Fur traders amalgamate to compete with the Hudson's Bay Company
- 1776—1776: David Bushnell invents a submarine
- 4 Jan 1776—1 Apr 1776: First United Empire Loyalists arrive
UEL refugees arrive in Halifax, Nova Scotia
- 4 Jul 1776—4 Jul 1776: American Declaration of Independence
- 7 Sep 1776—7 Sep 1776: First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked
HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did
detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man
Affair ma
|
| 270 | 1777 | - 1777—1777: Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
|
| 271 | 1778 | - 1778—1778: Captain James Cook explores West Coast
Captain Cook lands at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island
|
| 272 | 1779 | - 1779—1779: First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
- 1779—1779: First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson
- 1779—1779: Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent
- 1779—1779: Crompton's mule invented (Textile production)
First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson{\n}First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
- 1779—1779: Industrial Revolution begins to affect Scotland.
- 1779—1779: Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule
- 14 Feb 1779—14 Feb 1779: Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii
- 23 Sep 1779—23 Sep 1779: Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
- 9 1779—22 Sep 1779: Treaty signed with Micmac to protect British settlers
Micmac alliance against U.S.A
|
| 273 | 1780 | - 1780—1780: About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a
wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
- 1780—1780: Fountain pen invented
- 1780—1780: The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders
with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
- 1780—1780: Male Servants Tax
- 1780—1780: 4th May First Derby run at Epsom
2nd-8th June - Gordon Riots - Parl;iament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread{\n}Earliest Wesleyan registers{\n}Male Servants Tax{\n}The English Reform Movement - until now, only
- 1780—1780: Benjamin Franklin invents bi-focal eyeglasses
- 1780—1780: Gervinus invents the circular saw
- 4 May 1780—4 May 1780: First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
- 2 Jun 1780—2 Jun 1780: Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for
days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
|
| 274 | 1781 | - 1781—1781: First UEL settlers in Niagara
Loyalists from Butler's Rangers settle in Niagara area
|
| 275 | 1782 | - 1782—1782: James Watt patents his steam engine
- 1782—1782: Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to
alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce
that would adjust to new work patterns
- 1782—1782: Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief -
t5he way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns{\n}James Watt patents his steam engine
- 1 Jan 1782—1 Jan 1782: Massive Loyalist migration from U.S. begins
Loyalists head to Nova Scotia (New Brunswick) as outcome of war determined
|
| 276 | 1783 | - 1783—1783: Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in
entries!
- 1783—1783: Duty on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794)
Montgolfier brothers launch first hot-air balloon{\n}3rd Sept. Treaty of Versailles (England/US)
- 1783—1783: Eastern Canada - U.S.A. border established
border set from the Atlantic to Lake-of-the-Woods
- 1783—1783: Englishmen, Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production
- 1783—1783: Louis Sebastien demonstrates the first parachute
- 1783—1783: Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier invent the hot-air balloon
- 1783—1783: Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock
- 9 Mar 1783—3 Sep 1783: Treaty of Versailles
Britain Loses War With U.S & British North America Defined
- 3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783: Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
- 3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783: Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
- 4 1783—26 Apr 1783: Loyalist migration from New York
7,000 Loyalists sail to Nova Scotia (including New Brunswick) as outcome of war determined
|
| 277 | 1784 | - 1784—1784: Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
- 1784—1784: First golf club founded at St Andrews
- 1784—1784: Wesley breaks with the Church of England
- 1784—1784: Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has
power to guide Indian politics
- 1784—1784: Pitt's India Act -
the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics{\n}Wesley breaks with Church of England{\n}First edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years){\n}2 nd Aug. First Mail coaches in Engl
- 1784—1784: Grand River Reserve created
Indian chief Joseph Brant leads 4,000 indians from U.S. to Six Nations' Reservation
- 1784—1789: Mass migration of Loyalists
Migration starts with 6,000 Americans & 1,000 Iroquois led by Joseph Brant. Total reaches 10,000 by end of decade
- 1784—1784: Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine
- 1784—1784: Joseph Bramah invents the safety lock
- 2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784: First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
- 8 1784—16 Aug 1784: Cape Breton Island created
Cape Breton Island separated from Nova Scotia
- 8 1784—16 Aug 1784: New Brunswick created
New Brunswick created from part of Nova Scotia
|
| 278 | 1785 | - 1785—1785: Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2
million)
- 1785—2 Apr 1795: Northwest Indian War
 Northwest Indian War
- 1785—1785: Acadians sail from France to Louisiana
Acadians numbering 1,600 sail from France to settle in Louisiana. Some of their relatives had gone there earlier. They will become known as Cajuns.
- 1785—1785: Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
- 1785—1785: Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance
- 1785—1785: Blanchard invents a working parachute
- 1785—1785: Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom
- 1785—1785: Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching
- 1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785: John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal
Register for 3 years)
|
| 279 | 1786 | - 1786—1786: John Fitch invents a steamboat
|
| 280 | 1787 | - 1787—1787: MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
- 1787—1787: Earliest known Swedenborgian (Church of the New Jerusalem or Jerusalemite) registers
- 1787—1787: The first population census of genealogical value was taken
- 12 Jul 1787—7 Dec 1787: Delaware
1st State
- 12 Jul 1787—7 Dec 1787: Delaware ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was Unanimous.
- 12 Dec 1787—12 Dec 1787: Pennsylvania
2nd State
- 12 Dec 1787—12 Dec 1787: Pennsylvania ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 46-23.
- 7 1787—18 Feb 1803: Ohio Territory Organized
- 12 1787—18 Dec 1787: New Jersey
3rd State
- 12 1787—18 Dec 1787: New Jersey ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was unanimous.
- 9 1787—28 Sep 1787: New Constitution sent to for ratification
The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia proposed, debated and drafted the new U.S. Constitution during hte summer of 1787. Ratification by nine states was required for the Constitution to take effect. James Madison was the primary author.
|
| 281 | 1788 | - 1788—1788: Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'
- 1788—1788: King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and
Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the
Prince of Wales
- 1788—1788: Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not
enforced)
- 1788—1788: First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates
more humane conditions on slave ships
- 1788—1788: First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
- 1788—1788: 26th January, First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New Soputh Wales
First steamboat demonstration in Scotland (but see 1802){\n}Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be minimum of 9 years old (not enforced)\First slave carrying act, The Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulated more humane conditions
- 1788—1788: The Scarce Year
Upper Canada's 1787 crop failures result in famine
- 1788—1788: The abolition of the "stavnsbaand" (compulsory residence by the peasant and farming classes.)
- 26 Jan 1788—26 Jan 1788: First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13
May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
- 1 Feb 1788—2 Jan 1788: Georgia
4th State
- 1 Feb 1788—2 Jan 1788: Georgia ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was unanimous.
- 2 Jun 1788—6 Feb 1788: Massachusetts
6th State
- 2 Jun 1788—6 Feb 1788: Massachusetts ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 187-168.
- 1 Sep 1788—9 Jan 1788: Connecticut
5th State
- 1 Sep 1788—9 Jan 1788: Connecticut ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 128-40.
- 6 1788—21 Jun 1788: New Hampshire
9th State
- 6 1788—21 Jun 1788: New Hampshire ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 57-47.
- 6 1788—21 Jun 1788: United States Constitution in effect
- 5 1788—23 May 1788: South Carolina
8th State
- 5 1788—23 May 1788: South Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 149-73.
- 7 1788—24 Jul 1788: New York ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 30-27.
- 6 1788—25 Jun 1788: Virginia
10th State
- 6 1788—26 Jun 1788: New York
11th State
- 6 1788—26 Jun 1788: Virginia ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 89-79.
- 4 1788—28 Apr 1788: Maryland
7th State
- 4 1788—28 Apr 1788: Maryland ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 63-11.
|
| 282 | 1789 | - 1789—1789: 14th June - The French Revolution begins - storming of the Bastille
Publication of Gilbert White's "Natural History of Selborne"
- 1789—1789: UE (Unity of Empire) designation created for Loyalists
Loyalists obtain privileges and land grants
- 1789—1789: The guillotine is invented
- 28 Apr 1789—28 Apr 1789: Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift
and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
- 30 Apr 1789—4 Mar 1797: George Washington
 George Washington U.S. Presidency<
- 7 Oct 1789—1790: MacKenzie River exploration
Sir Alexander MacKenzie explores river to Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean
- 11 1789—21 Nov 1789: North Carolina
12th State
- 11 1789—21 Nov 1789: North Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 194-77.
- 9 1789—25 Sep 1789: Bill of Rights adopted
- 9 1789—25 Sep 1789: 27th Amendment originally proposed
- 4 1789—4 Mar 1797: George Washington
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| 283 | 1790 | - 1790—1790: Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
- 1790—1790: Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
- 1790—1790: The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton
- 5 1790—31 May 1796: Tennessee Territory Organized
- 5 1790—29 May 1790: Rhode Island
13th State
- 5 1790—29 May 1790: Rhode Island ratified U.S. Constitution
The vote was 34-32.
|
| 284 | 1791 | - 1791—1791: Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
- 1791—1791: John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')
- 1791—1791: Sugar prices rise steeply
John Bell, printer, abandons the "long s" (the 's' that looks like an 'f'){\n}Establishment of the Ordinance Survey of Great Brittain{\n}4th December - First publication of The Observer - oldest Sunday newspaper
- 1791—1791: John Barber invents the gas turbine
- 1791—1791: Early bicycles invented in Scotland
- 3 Apr 1791—4 Mar 1791: Vermont
14th State
- 6 Oct 1791—10 Jun 1791: Constitutional Act
Lower Canada (now Québec) and Upper Canada (now Ontario) established
- 4 Dec 1791—4 Dec 1791: First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
- 1 1791—24 Jan 1791: District of Columbia
President George Washington selects a site that includes portions of Maryland and Virginia. It becomes the seat of government 1 Dec 1800
|
| 285 | 1792 | - 1792—1792: Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot
- 1792—1792: Boyle's Street Directory published
- 1792—1792: Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through
Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel
- 1792—1792: Repression in Britian (restrictions on freedom of the press)
Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel{\n}Boyle's Street Directory published{\n}1st October - Introduction of Money Orders in Britain{\n}Coal-gas lightening invented by William Murdock, and Ayshire Scot{
- 1792—1792: George Vancouver exploration
exploration of Pacific Coast
- 1792—1792: William Murdoch invents gas lighting
- 1792—1792: The first ambulance
- 6 Jan 1792—1 Jun 1792: Kentucky
15th State
- 1 Oct 1792—1 Oct 1792: Introduction of Money Orders in Britain
- 1 Dec 1792—1 Dec 1792: King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
|
| 286 | 1793 | - 1793—1793: 11th February - England declares war on France (1793-1802)
Execution of Louis XVI{\n}15th April - £5 notes first issue by the Bank of England
- 1793—20 Jul 1793: Alexander MacKenzie crosses Canada by land
first crossing of Canada by land and exploration of Pacific Coast
- 11 Feb 1793—11 Feb 1793: Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)
- 15 Apr 1793—15 Apr 1793: ?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
- 7 Sep 1793—9 Jul 1793: Upper Canada's Abolition Act
Forbade any new slaves, and gave freedom to children of slaves at least 25 years of age if born after 1793
|
| 287 | 1794 | - 1794—1794: Abolition of Parish Register duties
- 1794—1794: Abolition of Parish Register duties
Battle of Glorious First of June{\n}6th october - The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for
- 1794—1794: Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin
- 1794—1794: Welshmen, Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings
- 3 Apr 1794—4 Mar 1794: 11th Amendment passed by Congress
- 6 Oct 1794—6 Oct 1794: The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High
Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution
to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was theref
|
| 288 | 1795 | - 1795—1795: The Famine Year
- 1795—1795: Foundation of the Orange Order
- 1795—1795: Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's
wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and
unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleo
- 1795—1795: Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.
- 1795—1795: Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
- 1795—1795: The Famine Year
Foundation of the Orange Order{\n}Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to substitence level{\n}Towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and umemployed increased dramatically - p
- 1795—1795: Francois Appert invents the preserving jar for food
- 2 Jul 1795—7 Feb 1795: 11th Amendment ratified
|
| 289 | 1796 | - 1796—1796: Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
- 1796—1796: Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and
grandparents
- 1796—1796: Holden's Triennial Directory published
Pitt's "Reign of Terror" - more treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
- 1796—1796: Town of York (Toronto) becomes capital of Upper Canada
- 1796—1796: Edward Jenner creates a smallpox vaccination
- 6 Jan 1796—1 Jun 1796: Tennessee
16th State
- 14 May 1796—14 May 1796: Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
|
| 290 | 1797 | - 1797—1797: England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments
- 1797—1797: Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore
- 1797—1797: Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical
publications
- 1797—1797: The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to
the coining press
- 1797—1797: England in Crisis
Bank of England suspends cash payments{\n}26th February - First £1 note issued by Bank of England{\n}Apr-Jun Mutinees in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore{\n}Tax on Newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publicatio
- 1797—1797: A British inventor, Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe
- 1797—1797: Wittemore patents a carding machine
- 22 Feb 1797—22 Feb 1797: French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later
- 26 Feb 1797—26 Feb 1797: First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
- 4 Mar 1797—4 Mar 1801: John Adams
 John Adams U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1797—4 Mar 1801: John Adams
|
| 291 | 1798 | - 1798—1798: First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner
- 1798—1800: Franco-American Naval War
United States vs France
- 1798—1798: Feb-Oct The Irish Rebellion, -
100,000 peasants revolt, approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished{\n}First planned human experiment with Vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner.
- 1798—1798: Marriage Act
allows marriages to be legally performed by the Church of Scotland and Anglican, Catholic, Presbyterian, Calvinist and Lutheran Churches
- 1798—1798: Prince Edward Island created
Ile St. Jean renamed to Prince Edward Island
- 1798—1798: Aloys Senefelder invents lithography
- 1798—1798: The first soft drink invented
- 9 Jan 1798—30 Sep 1800: Franco-American War
 Franco-American War
- Feb 1798—Feb 1798: The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish
Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)
- 4 Jul 1798—9 Dec 1817: Mississippi Territory Organized
- 1 Aug 1798—1 Aug 1798: Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
|
| 292 | 1799 | - 1799—1799: Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York
- 1799—1799: Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
- 1799—1799: 9th January - Pitt brings in 10% income tax
12th July - Repressive legislation in Britain against political associations and combinations{\n}Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York{\n}Foundation of the Roayl Institution of Great Britain{\n}Post Office New Annual Directory
- 1799—1799: Alessandro Volta invents the battery
- 1799—1799: Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making
- 9 Jan 1799—9 Jan 1799: Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure
- 12 Jul 1799—12 Jul 1799: 'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
- 15 Jul 1799—15 Jul 1799: ?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
|
| 293 | 1800 | - 1800—1800: Volta makes first electrical battery
Volta makes first electrical battery
- 1800—1800: Herschel discovers infra-red light
Herschel discovers infra-red light
- 1800—1800: High pressure steam
Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)
- 1800—1800: Royal College of Surgeons founded
Royal College of Surgeons founded
- 1800—1800: First Electric Light
Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy
- 1800—1800: Count Alessandro Volta invents the battery
- 1800—1800: Frenchmen, J.M. Jacquard invents the Jacquard Loom
- 2 Jul 1800—2 Jul 1800: Parliamentary Union
Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
- 5 Jul 1800—10 Dec 1816: Indiana Territory Organized
Effective date 4 Jul 1800
|
| 294 | 1801 | - 1801—1801: Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
- 1801—1801: Grand Union Canal opens in England
Grand Union Canal opens in England
- 1801—1805: Tripolitan War
- 1801—1805: Barbary Wars
Also fought in 1815. United States vs Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli
- 1 Jan 1801—1 Jan 1801: Union Jack becomes the official British flag
Union Jack becomes the official British flag
- 4 Mar 1801—4 Mar 1809: Thomas Jefferson
 Thomas Jefferson U.S. Presidency
- 10 Mar 1801—10 Mar 1801: First Census
First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)
- 1 Apr 1801—4 Jan 1805: First Barbary War
 First Barbary War
- 3 Apr 1801—4 Mar 1809: Thomas Jefferson
- 24 Dec 1801—24 Dec 1801: First passenger Train
Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
|
| 295 | 1802 | - 25 Mar 1802—25 Mar 1802: Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondenc
|
| 296 | 1803 | - 1803—1803: Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham
- 1803—1803: Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted
- 1803—1803: Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first
self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus
- 12 1803—9 Dec 1803: 12th Amendment passed by Congress
- 30 Apr 1803—30 Apr 1803: Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States
- 12 May 1803—12 May 1803: Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
- 23 Jul 1803—23 Jul 1803: First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to
Croydon, horse-drawn)
- 2 1803—19 Feb 1803: Ohio
17th State
|
| 297 | 1804 | - 1804—1804: Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia'
- 1804—1804: Richard Trevithick, an English mining engineer, developed the first steam-powered locomotive
- 1804—1804: Freidrich Winzer (Winsor) was the first person to patent gas lighting
- 21 Feb 1804—21 Feb 1804: Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles
from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of
iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of
A ?2 c
- 3 Mar 1804—3 Mar 1804: John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal
Horticultural Society
- 2 Dec 1804—2 Dec 1804: Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French
- 12 Dec 1804—12 Dec 1804: Spain declares war on Britain
- 6 1804—15 Jun 1804: 12th Amendment ratified
|
| 298 | 1805 | - 1805—1805: London docks opened
- 3 Mar 1805—29 Apr 1812: Louisiana Territory Organized
Effective date 4 July 1805
- 21 Oct 1805—21 Oct 1805: Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar
- 1 Nov 1805—25 Jan 1837: Michigan Territory Organized
Effective date 30 Jun 1805
- 2 Dec 1805—2 Dec 1805: Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians
|
| 299 | 1806 | - 1806—1806: Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners)
- 1806—1806: Le Canadien newspaper founded
First Québec nationalist newspaper
- 9 Jan 1806—9 Jan 1806: Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
|
| 300 | 1807 | - 25 Mar 1807—25 Mar 1807: Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery
- 3 1807—25 Mar 1807: British abolish slave trade
|
| 301 | 1808 | - 1808—1808: Gas lighting in London streets
- 1808—1808: Simon Fraser to Vancouver
Fraser explores the river to the Pacific
- 13 Jul 1808—13 Jul 1808: 'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London
- 20 Dec 1808—20 Dec 1808: Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
|
| 302 | 1809 | - 1809—1809: Humphry Davy invents the first electric light - the first arc lamp
- 12 Feb 1809—12 Feb 1809: Birth of Charles Darwin
- 2 Mar 1809—2 Dec 1818: Illinois Territory Organized
Effective date 1 Mar 1809
- 4 Mar 1809—4 Mar 1817: James Madison
 James Madison U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1809—4 Mar 1817: James Madison
- 18 Sep 1809—18 Sep 1809: Royal Opera House opens in London
|
| 303 | 1810 | - 1810—1810: John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of
road metalling
- 1810—1810: German, Frederick Koenig invents an improved printing press
- 1810—1810: Peter Durand invents the tin can
|
| 304 | 1811 | - 1811—1811: David Thomson charts Columbia River
Thomson explores and charts Columbia River to the coast
- 5 Feb 1811—5 Feb 1811: Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
- 11 Jul 1811—7 Nov 1811: Battle of Tippecanoe
Indian defeat causes Tecumseh to align with British
|
| 305 | 1812 | - 1812—1815: War of 1812
United States vs Great Britain
- 1812—1812: A printed format for parish registers begins
- 6 Apr 1812—9 Aug 1821: Missouri Territory Organized
Effective date 7 Dec 1812
- 8 Apr 1812—4 Aug 1812: Battle of Brownstown
Ohio Militia from Detroit defeated by Tecumseh's Indians
- 11 May 1812—11 May 1812: Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged
- 12 Jun 1812—16 Feb 1815: War of 1812
 War of 1812
- 18 Jun 1812—18 Jun 1812: Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada
- Oct 1812—Oct 1812: Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
- 10 1812—13 Oct 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights
General Brock killed but U.S. forces defeated after heavy fighting
- 8 1812—14 Aug 1812: Surrender of Fort Detroit
General Brock commanding British & Canadian forces with Tecumseh's Indians cause U.s. forces to surrender
- 6 1812—24 Dec 1814: War of 1812
United States declares war on Great Britain (and Canada)
- 11 1812—20 Nov 1812: Battle of Lacolle Mills
Two groups of U.S forces fight each other by mistake
- 9 1812—21 Sep 1812: Raid on Gananoque
U.S. forces enter town, destroy food supplies and remove ammunition
- 11 1812—28 Nov 1812: Battle of Frenchman's Creek
U.S forces from Black Rock (Buffalo, NY) invade Fort Erie and are repulsed
- 8 1812—29 Aug 1812: Earl of Selkirk establishes Red River Colony (Winnipeg)
- 4 1812—30 Apr 1812: Louisiana
18th State. Counties known as Parishes.
|
| 306 | 1813 | - 1813—1813: Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
- 1813—1813: Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast
- 1813—1814: Creek War
United States vs Creek Indians
- 12 1813—Dec 1813: U.S forces reoccupy Queenston and Chippawa (Niagara)
Canadian Volunteers (traitors) send Loyalists to U.S. prisons
- 8 Feb 1813—2 Aug 1813: Battle of Fort Stephenson
British/Canadian/Indian forces fail in attempt to take fort from U.S. forces
- 10 May 1813—5 Oct 1813: Battle of the Thames
U.S. (Harrison) defeats British/Indian forces - Tecumseh dies
- 6 Jun 1813—6 Jun 1813: Battle of Stoney Creek
confused fighting results in heavy losses on both sides
- 6 Aug 1813—8 Jun 1813: Battle of Forty Mile Creek
U.S forces routed and retreat to Fort George
- 6 Aug 1813—8 Jun 1813: Skirmish of Butler's Farm (Two Mile Creek)
U.S Lt. Eldridge and his men ambushed by combined British/Canadian/Indian forces
- 9 Sep 1813—9 Sep 1813: Battle for Lake Erie
U.S. naval squadron of 9 ships defeats British 6-ship flotilla
- 9 Oct 1813—10 Sep 1813: Battle of Lake Erie (Put-in-Bay)
U.S. navy defeats British ships and takes control of Lake Erie
- 12 Oct 1813—10 Dec 1813: Burning of Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake)
Canadian Volunteers (traitors) and U.S militia burn Newark to the ground
- 11 Nov 1813—11 Nov 1813: Battle of Crysler's Farm
U.S forces defeated in attempted invasion of Lower Canada. U.S. forces defeated near Morrisburg by combined Canadian-British forces.
- 2 1813—22 Feb 1813: Battle of Ogdensburg, NY
Glengarry Light Infantry attack and take Ogdensburg
- 6 1813—24 Jun 1813: Battle of Beaver Dam
Laura Secord warns British of impending attack resulting in surrender of U.S forces at Thorold
- 5 1813—27 May 1813: Capture of Fort George
U.S. forces invade Niagara
- 10 1813—26 Oct 1813: Battle of Chateauguay
U.S forces defeated in attempted invasion of Lower Canada
- 4 1813—2 May 1813: Battle of Fort York (Toronto)
U.S. forces take fort and occupy York for 5 days, plundering and destroying the town by burning
- 5 1813—24 Jun 1813: Battles of Niagara frontier
U.S. forces advance into Upper Canada
|
| 307 | 1814 | - 1814—1814: At the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark is compelled to cede Norway to Sweden
- 1814—1814: George Stephenson designs the first steam locomotive
- 1814—1814: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph
- 1814—1814: German, Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectrocope for the chemical analysis of glowing objects
- 1814—1814: The first plastic surgery is performed in England
- 1 Jan 1814—1 Jan 1814: Invasion of France by Allies
- 7 Mar 1814—3 Jul 1814: Capture of Fort Erie
British forces manning Fort Erie surrender to overwhelming U.S. odds
- 3 Apr 1814—20 Aug 1814: U.S. raids into Western Upper Canada
U.S. forces raid western Lake Erie communities
- 6 Apr 1814—6 Apr 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
- 7 May 1814—5 Jul 1814: Battle at Chippawa
U.S. forces take over entire Niagara frontier
- 13 Aug 1814—13 Aug 1814: Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch
- 24 Aug 1814—24 Aug 1814: The British burn the White House
- 29 Nov 1814—29 Nov 1814: 'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)
- 24 Dec 1814—24 Dec 1814: Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
- 8 1814—17 Sep 1814: Siege at Fort Erie
British forces fail in their attempt to recover Fort Erie from U.S. forces
- 7 1814—19 Jul 1814: Battle for Prarie du Chien
British forces comprised mainly of Indians capture U.S. garrison
- 7 1814—18 Jul 1814: Burning of St. Davids
U.S. militia capture St. Davids then loot and burn most buildings
- 10 1814—20 Oct 1814: Battle of Cook's Mills (Lyons Creek)
The last battle on Canadian soil
- 12 1814—24 Dec 1814: Treaty of Ghent
End of United States - British war of 1812
- 7 1814—26 Jul 1814: Battle of Lundy's Lane
The fiercest battle of the U.S.-British war
- 3 1814—30 Mar 1814: Battle of Lacolle Mills
U.S. forces defeated in attempted invasion
|
| 308 | 1815 | - 1815—1815: Trial by Jury established in Scotland
- 1815—1815: Davy develops the safety lamp for miners
- 1815—1815: Humphry Davy invents the miner's lamp
- 2 1815—Feb 1815: British incentive to emigrate to Upper Canada
Britain encourages 5,000 settlers to leave Britain
- 3 Mar 1815—24 Sep 1816: Second Barbary War
 Second Barbary War
- 18 Jun 1815—18 Jun 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
|
| 309 | 1816 | - 1816—1816: Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
- 1816—1816: Large scale emigration to North America
- 1816—1816: Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years
- 1816—1816: Income tax abolished
- 1816—1816: For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially
below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage
- 12 Nov 1816—11 Dec 1816: Indiana
19th State
|
| 310 | 1817 | - 1817—1817: Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
- 1817—1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended
- 1817—1898: Indian Wars
- 1817—1817: Census of Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia census adds place-of-birth question
- 3 Mar 1817—13 Dec 1819: Alabama Territory Organized
- 4 Mar 1817—4 Mar 1825: James Monroe
 James Monroe U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1817—3 Mar 1825: James Monroe
- 12 Oct 1817—10 Dec 1817: Mississippi
20th State
|
| 311 | 1818 | - 1818—1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike
- 1818—1819: First Seminole War
- 1818—1818: The 49th parallel becomes border
Canada-US border officially set from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains
- 12 Mar 1818—3 Dec 1818: Illinois
21st State
- 20 Oct 1818—20 Oct 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom
which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its
length
|
| 312 | 1819 | - 1819—1819: Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles
- 1819—1819: Britain returns to gold standard
- 1819—1819: Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular
- 1819—1819: René Laënnec invents the stethoscope
- 1819—1819: Samuel Fahnestock patents a "soda fountain"
- 3 Feb 1819—14 Jun 1836: Arkansas Territory Organized
Effective 4 July 1819
- May 1819—May 1819: SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26
Days mostly under sail)
- 16 Aug 1819—16 Aug 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St.
Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the
meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
- 12 1819—14 Dec 1819: Alabama
22nd State
|
| 313 | 1820 | - 1820—1820: Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition
- 1820—1820: Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet
- 1820—1820: Cape Breton Island re-annexed to Nova Scotia
- 1820—1820: Militia land grants
1812-1814 militiamen entitled to land grants
- 29 Jan 1820—29 Jan 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
- 1 Aug 1820—1 Aug 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens
- 17 Aug 1820—17 Aug 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ?
George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted
because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
- 3 1820—15 Mar 1820: Maine
23rd State
- 1 1820—20 Jun 1830: George IV
House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811
|
| 314 | 1821 | - 1821—1821: Constable paints 'The Hay Wain'
- 1821—1821: Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation'
- 5 May 1821—5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
- 8 Oct 1821—10 Aug 1821: Missouri
24th State
|
| 315 | 1822 | - 14 Jun 1822—14 Jun 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
- 3 1822—2 Mar 1845: Florida Territory Organized
|
| 316 | 1823 | - 1823—1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh
- 1823—1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
- 1823—1823: Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
- 1823—1823: New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session
- 1823—1823: Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland
- 2 Dec 1823—2 Dec 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in
future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
|
| 317 | 1824 | - 1824—1824: Portland cement patented
- 1824—1824: RSPCA established
- 1824—1824: Canada (Land) Company formed
acquires outstanding Crown reserves
- 1824—1824: First annual numerical census of Upper Canada
Census counts 150,066 individuals
- 1824—1824: Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon
- 1824—1824: Englishmen, Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material
- 4 Mar 1824—4 Mar 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854)
- 10 May 1824—10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
|
| 318 | 1825 | - 1825—1825: William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet
- 4 Mar 1825—4 Mar 1829: John Quincy Adams
 John Quincy Adams U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1825—4 Mar 1829: John Quincy Adams
- 10 May 1825—5 Oct 1825: The Miramichi Fire
200-500 people killed in fire that destroys the New Brunswick towns of Newcastle and Douglastown
- 27 Sep 1825—27 Sep 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
- 6 1825—20 Sep 1825: Lower Canada (Quebec} census
count of population by family
|
| 319 | 1826 | - 1826—1826: Red River flooding
High waters force the complete evacuation of the 10-year-old Red River Colony -- the future Winnipeg, Manitoba
|
| 320 | 1827 | - 1827—1827: Ohm's Law published
- 1827—1827: Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone
- 1827—1827: John Walker invents the modern matches
|
| 321 | 1828 | - 1828—1828: Naturalization commences
Naturalization required for non-British persons
- 11 Jul 1828—1829: Military rolls taken in Canada West (Ontario)
military records name every soldier from 19 to 39 years of age
- 25 Oct 1828—25 Oct 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
|
| 322 | 1829 | - 1829—1829: Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind
- 1829—1829: London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel
- 1829—1829: Roman Catholics are permitted by law to buy and inherit property and keep records.
- 1829—1829: Welland Canal opens
Lake Ontario to Lake Erie canal opens
- 1829—1829: William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter
- 1829—1829: Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing
- 1829—1829: American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter
- 5 1829—May 1829: Guelph, Ontario, tornado
tornado destroys many homes
- 4 Mar 1829—4 Mar 1837: Andrew Jackson
 Andrew Jackson U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1829—4 Mar 1837: Andrew Jackson
- 10 Jun 1829—10 Jun 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race
- 6 Oct 1829—6 Oct 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to
complete the trial!)
|
| 323 | 1830 | - 1830—1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and
Belgium
- 1830—1830: Frenchmen, B. Thimonnier invents a sewing machine
- Jul 1830—Jul 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the
Citizen King) on the throne
- 15 Sep 1830—15 Sep 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of
Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a
leading politician, is run over!
- 6 1830—20 Jun 1837: William IV
House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
|
| 324 | 1831 | - 1831—1831: A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled
- 1831—1831: Marriage Act amended
allows Baptist, Congregationalist, Methodist, Mennonite, Independent, Dunkers and Moravian clergy to legally perform marriages
- 1831—1831: American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper
- 1831—1831: Michael Faraday invents an electric dynamo
- 6 Jan 1831—1 Oct 1831: Lower Canada (Quebec) census
count of population by family
- 1 Jun 1831—1 Jun 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole
- 1 Aug 1831—1 Aug 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
|
| 325 | 1832 | - 1832—1832: Electric telegraph invented by Morse
- 1832—1832: Electoral Registers introduced
- 1832—1836: Texas Revolutionary War
Texas vs Mexico
- 1832—1832: Englishmen, Louis Braille invents the stereoscope
- 4 Jan 1832—1937: Immigrants quarantined at Grosse Isle
Canada's immigrant quarantine station opens at Grosse Isle
- 14 May 1832—2 Aug 1832: Black Hawk War
 Black Hawk War
- 7 Jun 1832—7 Jun 1832: Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act
- 6 1832—Sep 1832: Cholera epidemic - Canada West
First province-wide cholera epidemic
|
| 326 | 1833 | - 1833—1833: Abolition of slavery
- Jan 1833—Jan 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands
- 29 Aug 1833—29 Aug 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
|
| 327 | 1834 | - 1834—1834: Babbage invents forerunner of the computer
- 1834—1834: Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine)
- 1834—1834: Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent
- 7 1834—15 Sep 1834: Cholera epidemic - Canada West
Second province-wide cholera epidemic
- 18 Mar 1834—18 Mar 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities
- 1 May 1834—1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
|
| 328 | 1835 | - 1835—1835: First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway
- 1835—1835: Christmas becomes a national holiday
- 1835—1842: Second Seminole War
- 1835—1835: Englishmen, Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller
- 1835—1835: Englishmen, Henry F. Talbot invents Calotype photography
- 1835—1835: Solymon Merrick patents the wrench
- 1835—1835: Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator
- 2 Oct 1835—21 Apr 1836: Texas War of Independence
 Texas War of Independence
- 3 Nov 1835—11 Mar 1835: First formal police force
Canadian police force established in Toronto
|
| 329 | 1836 | - 1836—1836: First Potato famine in Ireland
- 1836—1836: Samuel Colt invented the first revolver
- 30 Jan 1836—30 Jan 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge
- 25 Feb 1836—25 Feb 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver'
- 6 Mar 1836—6 Mar 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett
- 11 May 1836—2 Feb 1848: Mexican-American War
 Mexican-American War
- Jul 1836—Jul 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
- 6 1836—15 Jun 1836: Arkansas
25th State
- 4 1836—28 May 1848: Wisconsin Territory Organized
Effective date 3 Jul 1836
|
| 330 | 1837 | - 1837—1837: P&O Founded
- 1837—1837: Pitman introduces his shorthand system
- 1837—1837: Samuel Morse invents the telegraph
- 1837—1837: English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp
- 11 1837—Dec 1837: Lower Canada Rebellion
French and English rebel against British colonial government
- 12 1837—Dec 1837: Upper Canada Rebellion
An uprising against the ruling clique -- the Family Compact
- 4 Mar 1837—4 Mar 1841: Martin Van Buren
 Martin Van Buren U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1837—4 Mar 1841: Martin van Buren
- 12 Apr 1837—7 Dec 1837: Mackenzie Rebellion
U.S. patriotic rebels fight Loyalists in Toronto
- 20 Jun 1837—20 Jun 1837: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
- 1 Jul 1837—1 Jul 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales -
Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same
boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
- 13 Jul 1837—13 Jul 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
- 20 Jul 1837—20 Jul 1837: Euston Railway station opens - first in London
- 6 1837—22 Jan 1901: Victoria
House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort
- 1 1837—26 Jan 1837: Michigan
26th State
|
| 331 | 1838 | - 1838—1838: Samual Morse invents Morse Code
- 28 Jun 1838—28 Jun 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
- 11 Nov 1838—16 Nov 1838: Rebellion of Hastings County, Ontario
U.S. patriots raid Prescott
- 6 Dec 1838—27 Dec 1846: Iowa Territory Organized
Effective date 3 July 1838
|
| 332 | 1839 | - 1839—1839: Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
- 1839—1839: Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a
mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern
Sense
- 1839—1839: First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong
- 1839—1839: Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce co-invent Daguerreotype photography
- 1839—1839: Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents a bicycle
- 1839—1839: American, Charles Goodyear invents rubber vulcanization
- 1839—1839: Welshmen, Sir William Robert Grove conceives of the first hydrogen fuel cell
- 1839—1839: American, Thaddeus Fairbanks invents platform scales
- 1 1839—Jan 1839: Durham Report
Proposal to unite Upper and Lower Canada and assimilate the French
|
| 333 | 1840 | - 1840—1840: Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed
elsewhere)
- 1840—1840: Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain
- 1840—1840: Englishmen, John Herschel invents the blueprint
- 10 Jan 1840—10 Jan 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
|
| 334 | 1841 | - 1841—1841: Thomas Cook starts package tours
- 1841—1841: The first census of genealogical value is taken.
- 1841—1841: Samuel Slocum patents the stapler
- 10 Feb 1841—10 Feb 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
- 4 Mar 1841—4 Apr 1841: William Henry Harrison
 William Henry Harriso
- 3 Apr 1841—4 Apr 1841: William H. Harrison
William Henry Harrison succumbed to pneumonia
- 4 Apr 1841—4 Mar 1845: John Tyler
 John Tyler U.S. Presidency
- 4 Apr 1841—4 Mar 1845: John Tyler
John Tyler the first vice president to succeed to the presidency due to death of a president
- 6 Jun 1841—6 Jun 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
- 2 Oct 1841—10 Feb 1841: Act of Union
Upper and Lower Canada united to become the Province of Canada and renamed to Canada East and Canada West
|
| 335 | 1842 | - 1842—1842: Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
- 1842—1842: Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator
- 2 Jan 1842—1 Feb 1842: First major census taken
Canada West (Ontario) census counts 487,053 individuals
- 30 Mar 1842—30 Mar 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
- 29 Aug 1842—29 Aug 1842: Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
|
| 336 | 1843 | - 1843—1843: First Christmas card in England
- 1843—1843: Alexander Bain of Scotland, invents the facsimile
- 27 May 1843—27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
- 19 Jul 1843—19 Jul 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
|
| 337 | 1844 | - 1844—1844: Englishmen, John Mercer invents mercerized cotton
- 6 Jun 1844—6 Jun 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
|
| 338 | 1845 | - 1845—1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
- 1845—1845: USA doubles cost of passage to American ports
USA passage fees encourage immigrants to choose Canada as their destination
- 1845—1845: American, Elias Howe invents a sewing machine
- 1845—1845: Robert William Thomson patents the first vulcanised rubber pneumatic tire
- 3 Mar 1845—3 Mar 1845: Florida
27th State
- 4 Mar 1845—4 Mar 1849: James K. Polk
 James K. Polk U.S. Presidency
- 17 Mar 1845—17 Mar 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
- 3 Apr 1845—5 Mar 1849: James Polk
- 12 1845—29 Dec 1845: Texas
28th State
- 5 1845—28 Jan 1861: Kansas Territory Organized
|
| 339 | 1846 | - 1846—1846: Canada-U.S. Boundary Completed
- 1846—1846: Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction
- 10 Sep 1846—10 Sep 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
- 4 1846—2 Feb 1848: Mexican-American War
- 12 1846—28 Dec 1846: Iowa
29th State
|
| 340 | 1847 | - 1847—1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
- 1847—1847: Longfellow writes the poem Evangeline
The poem Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longefellow is published. A spirit of pride and hope is rekindled among the Acadians.
- 1847—1847: Typhus epidemic
The height of the typhus and cholera epidemic brought by immigrants - the black year of emigration
- 1847—1848: Influenza epidemic
worldwide influenza kills millions
- 1847—1847: Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics
- Jan 1847—Jan 1847: An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
|
| 341 | 1848 | - 1848—1848: First commercial production of chewing gum
- 1848—1848: 1842's followup census completed
Canada West (Ontario) counts 725,897 individuals
- 1848—1848: Waldo Hanchett patents the dental chair
- 24 Jan 1848—24 Jan 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush
- 11 Jul 1848—11 Jul 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
- 8 1848—13 Feb 1859: Oregon Territory Organized
- 5 1848—29 May 1848: Wisconsin
30th State
|
| 342 | 1849 | - 1849—1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally
occurred in 1971!
- 1849—1849: Canada's 49th parallel border is extended to the Pacific Ocean
- 1849—1849: Official bilingualism
All Canadian parliament bills are now in both English and French
- 1849—1849: Walter Hunt invents the safety pin
- 3 Mar 1849—10 Nov 1858: Minnesota Territory Organized
- 4 Mar 1849—9 Jul 1850: Zachary Taylor
 Zachary Taylor U.S. Presidency
- 3 May 1849—9 Jul 1850: Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor died while in office
- 10 Nov 1849—11 Oct 1849: Annexation Manifesto
Montreal's businessmen call for Canada's annexation by the U.S.
|
| 343 | 1850 | - 1850—1850: Joel Houghton was granted the first dishwasher patent
- 1 Jan 1850—1 Jan 1850: County government
Counties become official units of local government
- 9 Jul 1850—4 Mar 1853: Millard Fillmore
 Millard Fillmore U.S. Presidency
- 6 Sep 1850—3 Jan 1896: Utah Territory Organized
- 9 Sep 1850—5 Jan 1912: New Mexico Territory Organized
- 9 Sep 1850—9 Sep 1850: California
31st State
- 7 Oct 1850—4 Mar 1853: Millard Fillmore
Millard Fillmore, vice president under Zachary Taylor, sworn in as president after Taylor's death
|
| 344 | 1851 | - 1851—1851: Gold discovered in Australia
- 1851—1851: First Canadian postage stamp
Orange-red stamp is created by Sir Sandford Fleming, sells for three pence and features a beaver
- 1851—1851: Toronto-Buffalo rail line constructed
Great Western Railway creates Toronto-Buffalo line
- 1851—1851: Isaac Singer invents a sewing machine
- 1 May 1851—1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
|
| 345 | 1852 | - 1852—1852: Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
- 1852—1852: Wells Fargo established in USA
- 1852—1852: Jean Bernard Léon Foucault invents a gyroscope
- 1852—1852: Henri Giffard builds an airship powered by the first aircraft engine - unsuccessful design
- 1 Dec 1852—12 Jan 1852: First "thorough" Canadian census
"1851" census includes Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, but was not completed until 1853
|
| 346 | 1853 | - 1853—1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
- 1853—1853: George Cayley invents a manned glider
- 3 Feb 1853—10 Nov 1889: Washington Territory Organized
- 4 Mar 1853—4 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce
 Franklin Pierce U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1853—4 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce
|
| 347 | 1854 | - 1854—1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain
- 1854—1854: John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics
- 27 Mar 1854—27 Mar 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
- 25 Oct 1854—25 Oct 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
- 5 1854—28 Feb 1867: Nebraska Territory Organized
|
| 348 | 1855 | - 1855—1855: Civil registration begins.
- 1855—1855: Ice Hockey
The first game of ice hockey is believed to have been played in Kingston, Ontario
- 1855—1855: Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor
- 1855—1855: Georges Audemars invents rayon
- 1 Jan 1855—1 Jan 1855: Ottawa named
The logging town of Bytown is renamed to Ottawa
|
| 349 | 1856 | - 1856—1856: End of Crimean War
- 1856—1856: Louis Pasteur invents pasteurisation
- 29 Jan 1856—29 Jan 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts
during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
|
| 350 | 1857 | - 1857—1857: Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
- 1857—1857: Ottawa is declared the capital of Canada by Queen Victoria
- 1857—1857: George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel
- 4 Mar 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan
 James Buchanan U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan
|
| 351 | 1858 | - 1858—1858: Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
- 1858—1858: 'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work
- 1858—1858: Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine
- 1858—1858: Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine
- 5 Nov 1858—11 May 1858: Minnesota
32nd State
|
| 352 | 1859 | - 1859—1859: Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
- 25 Apr 1859—25 Apr 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
- 4 May 1859—4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon
and Cornwall
- 24 Nov 1859—24 Nov 1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
- 2 1859—14 Feb 1859: Oregon
33rd State
|
| 353 | 1860 | - 1860—1860: The Maple Leaf
first used as official emblem of Canada during visit from the Prince of Wales
- 29 Aug 1860—29 Aug 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
|
| 354 | 1861 | - 1861—1861: Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator
- 1861—1861: Pierre Michaux invents a bicycle
- 1861—1861: Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock
- 2 Feb 1861—1 Nov 1889: North Dakota Territory Organized
- 3 Feb 1861—1 Nov 1889: South Dakota Territory Organized
- 3 Feb 1861—30 Oct 1864: Nevada Territory Organized
- 4 Mar 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln
 Abraham Lincoln U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth on 14 Apr 1865 and dies the next day
- 12 Apr 1861—9 Apr 1865: American Civil War
 American Civil War
- 25 May 1861—25 May 1861: American Civil War begins
- 1 1861—14 Jan 1861: Canadian census
1861 census includes Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
- 4 1861—9 Apr 1865: Civil War
Union vs Confederacy
- 2 1861—31 Jul 1876: Colorado Territory Organized
- 1 1861—29 Jan 1861: Kansas
34th State
|
| 355 | 1862 | - 1862—1862: Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
- 1862—1862: Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic
- 1862—1862: Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun
- 20 Apr 1862—20 Apr 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
|
| 356 | 1863 | - 1863—1863: Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
- 1863—1863: Football Association founded (UK)
- 1863—1863: Denmark goes to war against Prussia and Austria. In the Treaty of Prague (1866), Denmark cedes Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia (Ge
- 10 Jan 1863—10 Jan 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens
- 3 Mar 1863—2 Jul 1890: Idaho Territory Organized
- 6 1863—20 Jun 1863: West Virginia
35th State
- 2 1863—13 Feb 1912: Arizona Territory Organized
|
| 357 | 1864 | - 1864—1864: A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship
- 11 Mar 1864—11 Mar 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time
- 20 Aug 1864—20 Aug 1864: Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention
- 8 Dec 1864—8 Dec 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
- 5 1864—7 Nov 1889: Montana Territory Organized
- 10 1864—31 Oct 1864: Nevada
36th State
|
| 358 | 1865 | - 1865—1865: First concrete roads built in Britain
- 1865—1865: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
- 14 Apr 1865—14 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
- 14 Apr 1865—14 Apr 1865: End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA
- 15 Apr 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson
 Andrew Johnson U.S. Presidency
- 12 Jun 1865—6 Dec 1865: 13th Amendment ratified
- 5 Jul 1865—5 Jul 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
- 4 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson, vice president under Abraham Lincoln, sworn in as president upon Lincoln's death
- 1 1865—31 Jan 1865: 13th Amendment passed by Congress
|
| 359 | 1866 | - 1866—1866: Fenian Raids
Irish Americans raid Canada
- 1866—1866: Ontario Gold Rush
Gold discovered in Eldorado, Hastings County, Ontario
- 1866—1866: Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo
- 1866—1866: J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener
- 1866—1866: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite
- 6 1866—13 Jun 1866: 14th Amendment passed by Congress
|
| 360 | 1867 | - 1867—1867: Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter
- 3 Jan 1867—1 Mar 1867: Nebraska
37th State
- 7 Jan 1867—1 Jul 1867: 10-year census taking becomes a legal requirement
the first census of The Dominion of Canada is scheduled for 1871 and every 10 years after
- 7 Jan 1867—1 Jul 1867: Confederation
British North America Act creates the Dominion of Canada from the provinces of Canada (Upper and Lower), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
- 1 Jul 1867—1 Jul 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
|
| 361 | 1868 | - 1868—1868: Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
- 1868—1868: Vote given to male British subjects
British males, 21 years of age or older who own, rent or occupy property of specified values are entitled to vote
- 1868—1868: J P Knight invents traffic lights
- 1868—1868: George Westinghouse invents air brakes
- 1868—1868: Robert Mushet invents tungsten steel
- 7 1868—19 Jul 1868: 14th Amendment ratified
- 7 1868—9 Jul 1890: Wyoming Territory Organized
|
| 362 | 1869 | - 1869—1869: Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented
- 7 Jan 1869—1 Jul 1869: Ontario begins BMD registration
Start of Ontario's registration of births, marriages and deaths
- 4 Mar 1869—4 Mar 1877: Ulysses S. Grant
 Ulysses S. Grant U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1869—5 Mar 1877: Ulysses Grant
- 23 Nov 1869—23 Nov 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
- 11 1869—15 Jul 1870: Rupert's Land joins Canada
Canada purchases Rupert's Land from Hudson's Bay Company. Some of this land is added to Ontario, and the rest is later divided into the provinces of Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan and the Northwest Territories
- 2 1869—26 Feb 1869: 15th Amendment passed by Congress
|
| 363 | 1870 | - 1870—1870: Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
- 1870—1870: Water closets come into wide use
- 1870—1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
- 1870—1870: GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)
- 1870—1870: First census of British Columbia
- 2 Mar 1870—3 Feb 1870: 15th Amendment ratified
- 1 Oct 1870—1 Oct 1870: First British postcard - halfpenny post
- 7 1870—15 Jul 1870: Manitoba created
Part of Rupert's Land becomes Manitoba -- the fifth province
- 7 1870—15 Jul 1870: Northwest Territories created
Part of Rupert's Land becomes the Northwest Territories
|
| 364 | 1871 | - 4 Feb 1871—2 Apr 1871: Dominion of Canada Census
The first national census after Confederation includes Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia - counts 3,689,257
- 27 Mar 1871—27 Mar 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
- 29 Mar 1871—29 Mar 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London
- 29 Jun 1871—29 Jun 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
- 7 1871—20 Jul 1871: British Columbia joins Canada
British Columbia becomes Canada's sixth province
|
| 365 | 1872 | - 1872—1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)
- 1872—1872: Licensing hours introduced
- 1872—1872: Chinese and First Nations banned from voting in BC
The British Columbia Qualifications of Voters Act denies the Chinese and First Nations peoples the right to vote
- 1872—1872: Dominion Land Act
Prairies opened for settlement by offer of 160 acres of land to each settler, resident for 3 years and paying a $10 filing fee
- 1872—1872: A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog
- 1872—1872: J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill
- 4 Dec 1872—4 Dec 1872: American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
|
| 366 | 1873 | - 1873—1873: North-West Mounted Police created
"Mounties" formed from civilians to patrol the west
- 1873—1873: Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire
- 7 Jan 1873—1 Jul 1873: Prince Edward Island joins Canada
Prince Edward Island becomes Canada's seventh province
- 5 1873—13 May 1873: Nova Scotia coal mine explosion
60 men die in Westville, Nova Scotia when a coal mine is destroyed by fire and explosion
- 8 1873—25 Aug 1873: The Great Nova Scotia Cyclone
500 killed by cyclone
|
| 367 | 1874 | - 1874—1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
- 1874—1874: Voting rights extended
male British subjects 21 years old and over, with annual income of $400 and 'enfranchised Indians' given the right to vote
- 1874—1874: American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher
- 5 Apr 1874—5 Apr 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
|
| 368 | 1875 | - 1875—1875: London's main sewage system completed
- 1875—1875: Supreme Court of Canada established
- 1875—1875: Western Indian treaties signed
- 1 Jan 1875—1 Jan 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
|
| 369 | 1876 | - 1876—1876: Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine
- 1876—1876: Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
- 1876—1876: Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper
- 8 Jan 1876—1 Aug 1876: Colorado
38th State
- 14 Feb 1876—14 Feb 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
|
| 370 | 1877 | - 1877—1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph
- 1877—1877: Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph
- 1877—1877: Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures
- 4 Mar 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes
 Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. Presidenc
- 3 May 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford Hayes
|
| 371 | 1878 | - 1878—1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard
- 1878—1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp
- 1878—1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph
- 1878—1878: Sir Joseph Wilson Swan was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb
|
| 372 | 1879 | - 18 Sep 1879—18 Sep 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
|
| 373 | 1880 | - 1880—1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria
- 1880—1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds
- 1880—7 Nov 1885: Chinese build railroad
The construction of the western section of the Canadian Pacific Railway employs thousands of Chinese workers
- 1880—1880: Englishmen, John Milne invents the modern seismograph
- 1880—1880: The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper
- 2 Aug 1880—2 Aug 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
|
| 374 | 1881 | - 1881—1881: Postal Orders introduced
- 1881—1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
- 1881—1881: First Acadian Convention at Memramcook
First Acadian Convention at Memramcook. The Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Mother is voted as the Acadian National holiday and is celebrated each year on August 15th.
- 1881—1881: David Houston patents the roll film for cameras
- 1881—1881: Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector
- 1881—1881: Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano
- 4 Mar 1881—19 Sep 1881: James A. Garfield
 James A. Garfield U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1881—19 Sep 1881: James Garfield
James Garfield wounded by assassin's bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies 19 Sep 1881
- 4 Apr 1881—4 Apr 1881: Census of Canada
counts 4,324,810 individuals
- Sep 1881—Sep 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity
supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)
- 19 Sep 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur
 Chester A. Arthur U.S. Presidency
- 26 Oct 1881—26 Oct 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral
- 9 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur
Chester A. Arthur, vice president under James Garfield, sworn in as president upon the death of Garfield
|
| 375 | 1882 | - 1882—1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
- 1882—1882: Home children arrive
First shipload of sponsored immigrant children arrive in Canada (Dr. Barnardo Homes etc.)
- 1882—1882: Northwest Territories divided
Athabasca, Assiniboia, Alberta and Saskatchewan created
|
| 376 | 1883 | - 1883—1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France
- 24 May 1883—24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)
- 1 Aug 1883—1 Aug 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain
- 27 Aug 1883—27 Aug 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
|
| 377 | 1884 | - 1884—1884: Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche
Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche on Prince Edward Island. The tri-color with gold star is approved as the Acadian flag and the hymn Ave Maris Stella becomes the national anthem of the Acadians.
- 1884—1884: Voting rights extended
Spinsters and widows permitted to vote in municipal elections
- 1884—1884: James Ritty invents the first working, mechanical cash register
- 1884—1884: Charles Parson patents the steam turbine
- 1884—1884: Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen
- 1884—1884: George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film
- 1884—1884: Frenchmen, H. de Chardonnet invents rayon
- 31 May 1884—31 May 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes
- 13 Oct 1884—13 Oct 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
|
| 378 | 1885 | - 1885—1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed
- 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle
- 1885—1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper
- 1885—1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car
- 1885—1885: Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine
- 1885—1885: Harim Maxim invents the machine gun
- 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler invents the first gas-engined motorcycle
- Mar 1885—Mar 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking
- 4 Mar 1885—4 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland
 Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1885—4 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland
- 11 Jul 1885—7 Nov 1885: Canadian Pacific Railway Completed
'Here on November 7, 1885, a plain iron spike welded East to West', says a plaque in Craigellachie, Eagle Pass, BC
- 5 Sep 1885—5 Sep 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel
- 29 Sep 1885—29 Sep 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
- 11 1885—16 Nov 1885: Louis Riel hanged
Accused of treason for leading the Métis resistance, Louis Riel's hanging in Regina further degrades English-French relations
|
| 379 | 1886 | - 1886—1886: Gottlieb Daimler builds the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle
- 1886—1886: John Pemberton invents Coca Cola
- 1886—1886: Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher
- 20 Jan 1886—20 Jan 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales
- May 1886—May 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola'
- 29 May 1886—29 May 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
|
| 380 | 1887 | - 1887—1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
- 1887—1887: German, Heinrich Hertz invents radar
- 1887—1887: Rowell Hodge patents barbed wire
- 1887—1887: Emile Berliner invents the gramophone
- 1887—1887: F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invent the first wearable contact lenses
- 5 Mar 1887—3 May 1887: Coal mine explosion in Nanaimo, BC
148 killed in mine explosion
|
| 381 | 1888 | - 1888—1888: First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent
for his camera which uses roll film
- 1888—1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre
- 1888—1888: County Councils set up in Britain
- 1888—1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year
- 1888—1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace
- 1888—1888: Voting rights extended
All adult male British subjects except unenfranchised Indians living on reserves are permitted to vote
- 1888—1888: John Boyd Dunlop patents a commercially successful pneumatic tire
- 1888—1888: Nikola Tesla invents the AC motor and transformer
- 1888—1888: Marvin Stone patents the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws
- 20 Mar 1888—20 Mar 1888: Football League formed
|
| 382 | 1889 | - 1889—1889: Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies
- 1889—1889: Celluloid film produced
- 1889—1889: Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act
Ontario's western boundary extended to west of Lake Superior
- 1889—1889: Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder
- 1889—1889: Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook
- 11 Feb 1889—2 Nov 1889: South Dakota
40th State
- 11 Feb 1889—2 Nov 1889: North Dakota
39th State
- 4 Mar 1889—4 Mar 1893: Benjamin Harrison
 Benjamin Harrison U.S. Presidency
- 31 Mar 1889—31 Mar 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)
- 3 Apr 1889—4 Mar 1893: Benjamin Harrison
- 14 May 1889—14 May 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London
- 3 Jun 1889—3 Jun 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast
- 11 Aug 1889—8 Nov 1889: Montana
41st State
- 28 Sep 1889—28 Sep 1889: Length of a metre defined
- 11 Nov 1889—11 Nov 1889: Washington
42nd State
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| 383 | 1890 | - 5 Feb 1890—15 Nov 1907: Indian Territory Organized
The most of the area that is present day Oklahoma was divided into Oklahoma and Indian Territory
- 5 Feb 1890—15 Nov 1907: Oklahoma Territory Organized
The most of the area that is present day Oklahoma was divided into Oklahoma and Indian Territory
- 4 Mar 1890—4 Mar 1890: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build
- 7 Mar 1890—3 Jul 1890: Idaho
43rd State
- 7 Oct 1890—10 Jul 1890: Wyoming
44th State
- 4 Nov 1890—4 Nov 1890: City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway
and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
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| 384 | 1891 | - 1891—1891: Primary education made free and compulsory
- 1891—1891: First Children's Aid Society is established in Toronto
- 1891—1891: Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator
- 18 Mar 1891—18 Mar 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris
- 4 May 1891—4 May 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893)
- 4 Jun 1891—6 Apr 1891: Census of Canada
counts 4,833,239 individuals
- 24 Aug 1891—24 Aug 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
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| 385 | 1892 | - 1892—1892: Electric oven invented
- 1892—1892: Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's
- 1892—1892: Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask
- 1892—1892: Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine
- 6 Oct 1892—6 Oct 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
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| 386 | 1893 | - 1893—1893: Zip fastener invented
- 1893—1893: Henry Ford's first car
- 1893—1893: American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper
- 1893—1893: Edward Goodrich Acheson invents carborundum
- 4 Mar 1893—4 Mar 1897: Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1893—4 Mar 1897: Grover Cleveland
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| 387 | 1894 | - 1894—1894: Picture postcard introduced in Britain
- 1 Jan 1894—1 Jan 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opens
- 1 Mar 1894—1 Mar 1894: Blackpool Tower opens
- 30 Jun 1894—30 Jun 1894: Tower Bridge first opens
- 2 Aug 1894—2 Aug 1894: Death duties first introduced in Britain
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| 388 | 1895 | - 1895—1895: Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London
- 1895—1895: Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one
- 1895—1895: Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe
- 12 Jan 1895—12 Jan 1895: The National Trust founded in England
- 24 May 1895—24 May 1895: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted
- 28 May 1895—28 May 1895: Oscar Wilde sent to prison
- 12 Jul 1895—12 Jul 1895: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain
- 17 Oct 1895—17 Oct 1895: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey
- Nov 1895—Nov 1895: X-rays discovered
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| 389 | 1896 | - 1896—1896: Gold discovered in Yukon
Gold found in Bonanza Creek, Klondike River, Yukon
- 1896—1896: American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel
- 1 Apr 1896—4 Jan 1896: Utah
45th State
- 5 Apr 1896—5 Apr 1896: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens
- 2 Jun 1896—2 Jun 1896: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
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| 390 | 1897 | - 1897—1897: Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector
- 4 Mar 1897—14 Sep 1901: William McKinley
 William McKinley U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1897—14 Sep 1901: William McKinley
William McKinley dies in Buffalo, NY.
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| 391 | 1898 | - 1898—1898: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded
- 1898—1898: Zeppelin builds airship
- 1898—1898: First photograph using artificial light
- 1898—1898: Klondike gold rush
Gold rush along the upper Yukon River
- 1898—1898: Yukon gold rush
- 1898—1898: Rudolf Diesel receives patent #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine" the Diesel engine
- 1898—1898: Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster
- 17 Mar 1898—17 Mar 1898: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine
- 25 Apr 1898—12 Aug 1898: Spanish-American War
 Spanish-American War
- 27 Jun 1898—27 Jun 1898: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by
Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
- 7 Jul 1898—20 Aug 1959: Territory of Hawaii was Oraganized
- 6 1898—13 Jun 1898: The Yukon joins Canada
Yukon becomes an entity separate from the North-West Territories
- 4 1898—10 Dec 1898: Spanish-American War
United States vs Spain
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| 392 | 1899 | - 1899—1899: J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner
- 1899—1899: I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame
- 6 Mar 1899—6 Mar 1899: Aspirin first marketed by Bayer
- 2 Jun 1899—4 Jul 1902: Philippine-American War
 Philippine-American War
- 11 Oct 1899—11 Oct 1899: Start of Second Boer War
- 2 Nov 1899—7 Sep 1901: Boxer Rebellion
 Boxer Rebellion
- 10 1899—30 Oct 1899: Boer War
Canadian troops sent overseas for the first time to fight in the Boer War, but this is opposed by Quebec
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| 393 | 1900 | - 1900—1900: School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years
- 1900—1900: Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified
- 1900—1900: Escalator shown at Paris exhibition
- 1900—1900: The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin
- 1900—1900: Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator
- 9 Feb 1900—9 Feb 1900: Davis Cup tennis competition established
- 27 Feb 1900—27 Feb 1900: Labour Party formed
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| 394 | 1901 | - 1901—1901: Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner
- 1901—1901: Commonwealth of Australia founded
- 1901—1901: King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor
- 1901—1901: The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission
- 1901—1901: Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner
- 22 Jan 1901—22 Jan 1901: Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king
- 2 Feb 1901—2 Feb 1901: Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore
Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park
- Jun 1901—Jun 1901: Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War
- 14 Sep 1901—4 Mar 1909: Theodore Roosevelt
 Theodore Roosevelt U.S. Presidenc
- 2 Oct 1901—2 Oct 1901: Britain's first submarine launched
- 12 Dec 1901—12 Dec 1901: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse
code from Cornwall to Newfoundland
- 9 1901—4 Mar 1909: Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt, vice president under William McKinley, sworn in as president upon death of McKinley
- 1 1901—6 May 1910: Edward VII
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Eldest son of Victoria, married Alexandra, Princess of Denmark
- 3 1901—31 Mar 1901: Census of Canada
counts 5,371,315 individuals
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| 395 | 1902 | - 1902—1902: Marie Curie discovers radioactivity
- 1902—1902: Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments,
and with two death certificates issued
- 1902—1902: Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education
- 1902—1902: Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner
- 1902—1902: French physicist George Claude invents neon light
- 1902—1902: The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie
- 1902—1902: The birth of the Teddy Bear
- 24 May 1902—24 May 1902: Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated
- 31 May 1902—31 May 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War
- 9 Aug 1902—9 Aug 1902: Coronation of Edward VII
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| 396 | 1903 | - 1903—1903: Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst
- 1903—1903: Henry Ford sets up his motor company
- 1903—1903: Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain
- 1903—1903: Canada loses the Alaska Boundary Dispute to the USA
- 1903—1903: Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons
- 1903—1903: Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens
- 1903—1903: The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane
- 1903—1903: Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers
- 1903—1903: William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs
- 14 Dec 1903—14 Dec 1903: First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright
- 4 1903—29 Apr 1903: Frank Slide, Alberta
Turtle Mountain landslide, caused by mining, buries town and population of Frank in Alberta
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| 397 | 1904 | - 1904—1904: Leeds University established
- 1904—1904: Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan
- 1904—1904: Benjamin Holt invents a tractor
- 1904—1904: John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve
- 8 Apr 1904—8 Apr 1904: France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale
- 4 May 1904—4 May 1904: America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French
(completed 1914)
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| 398 | 1905 | - 1905—1905: Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship
- 1905—1905: Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration
- 1905—1905: The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime
Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York
- 1905—1905: Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2
- 1905—1905: Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers
- 9 Jan 1905—1 Sep 1905: Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada
Alberta and Saskatchewan become Canada's eighth and ninth provinces
- 11 Apr 1905—11 Apr 1905: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
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| 399 | 1906 | - 1906—1906: Introduction of free school meals for poor children
- 1906—1906: Amundsen traverses the North-West Passage
- 1906—1906: William Kellogg invents Cornflakes
- 1906—1906: Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device
- 1906—1906: Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode)
- 10 Feb 1906—10 Feb 1906: Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship
- 15 Mar 1906—15 Mar 1906: Rolls-Royce Ltd registered
- 26 May 1906—26 May 1906: Vauxhall Bridge opened in London
- 20 Sep 1906—20 Sep 1906: Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne
- 6 1906—24 Jun 1906: Census of Northwest Provinces
Census of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Quinquennial censuses instituted
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| 400 | 1907 | - 1907—1907: Lumiere develops a process for colour photography
- 1907—1907: First airship flies over London
- 1907—1907: New Zealand becomes a Dominion
- 1907—1907: Imperial College, London, is established
- 1907—1907: Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite
- 1907—1907: Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere
- 1907—1907: The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu
- Jul 1907—Jul 1907: Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its
shape after being heated
- 1 Aug 1907—1 Aug 1907: Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island
- 9 Nov 1907—9 Nov 1907: The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday
- 11 1907—16 Nov 1907: Oklahoma
46th State. The area that had been Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were united to become one state.
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| 401 | 1908 | - 1908—1908: Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement
- 1908—1908: Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain
- 1908—1908: Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day
- 1908—1908: Border Ports established
Ports of entry established for customs and immigration
- 1908—1908: The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry
- 1908—1908: Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger
- 1908—1908: Model T first sold
- 1908—1908: J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter
- 1908—1908: Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates
- 1 Jul 1908—1 Jul 1908: SOS became effective as an international signal of distress
- 12 Aug 1908—12 Aug 1908: First 'Model T' Ford made
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| 402 | 1909 | - 1909—1909: First commercial manufacture of Bakelite - start of the plastic age
- 1909—1909: Peary reaches the north pole
- 1909—1909: Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges
- 1909—1909: Instant coffee invented by G. Washington
- 1 Jan 1909—1 Jan 1909: Old Age Pensions Act came into force
- 16 Jan 1909—16 Jan 1909: Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole
- 7 Feb 1909—2 Jul 1909: 16th Amendment passed by Congress
- 4 Mar 1909—4 Mar 1913: William Howard Taft
 William Howard Taft U.S. Presidency
- 15 Mar 1909—15 Mar 1909: Selfridges department store opens in London
- 3 Apr 1909—4 Mar 1913: William Taft
- 25 Jul 1909—25 Jul 1909: Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)
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| 403 | 1910 | - 1910—1910: Halley's comet reappears
- 1910—1910: Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe
- 1910—1910: Madame Curie isolates radium
- 1910—1910: Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville
- 1910—1910: Constitutional crisis in Britain
- 1910—1910: Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain
- 1910—1910: Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture
- 1910—1910: Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris
- 6 May 1910—6 May 1910: Edward VII dies - George V becomes King
- 5 Jun 1910—20 Jan 1936: George V
House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of Edward VII, married Princess Mary of Teck. Accession, Jan 20, abdication, Dec 10.
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| 404 | 1911 | - 1911—1911: Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912)
- 1911—1911: Rutherford: theory of atomic structures
- 1911—1911: First British Official Secrets Act
- 1911—1911: British MPs receive a salary
- 1911—1911: Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords
- 1911—1911: Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system
- 6 Jan 1911—1 Jun 1911: Census of Canada
Census of 9 Provinces and 2 Territories counts 7,206,643 individuals
- 2 Apr 1911—2 Apr 1911: Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million
- 22 Jun 1911—22 Jun 1911: Coronation of George V
- 14 Dec 1911—14 Dec 1911: National Insurance introduced in Britain
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| 405 | 1912 | - 1912—1912: Britain nationalises the telephone system
- 1912—1912: Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' - hoax, exposed in 1953
- 1912—1912: Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain
- 1912—1912: Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras
- 1912—1912: The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole
- 1912—1912: Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912
- 18 Jan 1912—18 Jan 1912: Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team reach the south pole on Jan
18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November
- 14 Apr 1912—14 Apr 1912: The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives
- 13 May 1912—13 May 1912: Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain
- 1 Jun 1912—6 Jan 1912: New Mexico
47th State
- 5 1912—13 May 1912: 17th Amendment passed by Congress
- 2 1912—14 Feb 1912: Arizona
48th State
- 8 1912—2 Jan 1959: Alaska Territory Organized
- 6 1912—30 Jun 1912: Saskatchewan tornado
The worst tornado in Canadian history claims 28 lives in Regina
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| 406 | 1913 | - 1913—1913: Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity
- 1913—1913: Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield
- 1913—1913: Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political
purposes
- 1913—1913: Suffragette demonstrations in London - Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned
- 1913—1913: Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords - threat of civil war in Ireland -
formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule
- 1913—1913: The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne
- 1913—1913: The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as, ecstasy
- 1913—1913: Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra
- 1913—1913: Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper
- 2 Mar 1913—3 Feb 1913: 16th Amendment ratified
- 4 Mar 1913—4 Mar 1921: Woodrow Wilson
 Woodrow Wilson U.S. Presidency
- 3 Apr 1913—3 Mar 1921: Woodrow Wilson
- 4 Jun 1913—4 Jun 1913: Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the
Epsom Derby and dies
- 4 Aug 1913—8 Apr 1913: 17th Amendment ratified
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| 407 | 1914 | - 1914—1914: Chaplin and De Mille make their first films
- 1914—1914: Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster
to be decided after the War
- 1914—1918: World War One
Canadian forces fight in Europe during World War 1
- 1914—1914: Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask
- 6 Jan 1914—11 Nov 1918: World War I
Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917.
- 28 Jun 1914—28 Jun 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
- 4 Aug 1914—4 Aug 1914: Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason
- 5 Aug 1914—5 Aug 1914: British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph
links to the outside world
- 15 Aug 1914—15 Aug 1914: Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official
transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1)
- Oct 1914—Oct 1914: Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front
- 27 Nov 1914—27 Nov 1914: First policewoman goes on duty in Britain
- 16 Dec 1914—16 Dec 1914: German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough
- 6 1914—19 Jun 1914: Alberta coal mine disaster
The worst coal mining disaster in Canadian history claims 189 lives in Hillcrest
- 5 1914—30 May 1914: Empress of Ireland sinks
1,014 lives are lost when ship sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence
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1914 - 1914 (0 years)
American Revolutionary War