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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1190 | - 1190—1280: 'Early English' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 2 | 1216 | - 1216—1272: King Henry II
King Henry III ( 1216 - 1272 ) {\n}{\n}1216 - Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal{\n}1222 - De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the Frenc
- 10 1216—16 Nov 1272: Henry III
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227
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| 3 | 1220 | - 1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220
working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
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| 4 | 1228 | - 1228—1228: First recorded mention of the Royal Mint
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| 5 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: Cambridge University organised and grantred Royal Charter
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| 6 | 1237 | - 1237—1237: Treaty of York signed
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| 7 | 1247 | - 1247—1247: Foundation of Bedlam (Bethleham Hospital), London by Simon Fitzmary
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| 8 | 1248 | - 1248—1248: Charter granted to Oxford University by Henry II
c 1250 Royal Proclamation by Henry II are first government documents issued in English
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| 9 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula
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| 10 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: Gun invented in China
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| 11 | 1263 | - 1263—1263: Battle of Largs Ayrshire
King Alexander defeats Norwegian invaders under King Haakon
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| 12 | 1264 | - 1264—1264: First recorded reference to Justice of the Peace in England
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| 13 | 1265 | - 1265: Start of English Parliament
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| 14 | 1266 | - 1266—1266: Western Isles acquired by Scotland
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| 15 | 1268 | - 1268—1269: Invention of eyeglasses
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| 16 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks
{\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely
- 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
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| 17 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
- 1280—1280: Mechanical clocks invented
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| 18 | 1283 | - 1283—1283: Annexation of Wales to England
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| 19 | 1285 | - 1285—1290: Windmills invented
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| 20 | 1290 | - 1290—26 Sep 1290: Death of 'maid of Norway' heiress to the Scotish crown
Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\n}House of: Canmore{\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\n}Crowned: Not crowne
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| 21 | 1291 | - 1291—1292: Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland
between some eleven 'competitors' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed
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| 22 | 1292 | - 1292—1292: King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)
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| 23 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: signing of the "Auld Alliance" between Scotland and France
one of the world's oldest mutual defence treaties
- 1295—1295: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy
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| 24 | 1296 | - 1296—1296: Annexation of Scotland by England
Scotlands Coronation Stone the "Stone of Destiny" or "Stone of Scone" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily 'returned' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\n}Beginni
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| 25 | 1297 | - 1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
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| 26 | 1298 | - 1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
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| 27 | 1301 | - 2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1301: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales
He became King Edward II
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| 28 | 1305 | - 1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
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| 29 | 1306 | - 1306—1306: Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
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| 30 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: King Edward II
King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli
- 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
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| 31 | 1314 | - 6 1314—24 Jun 1314: Battle of Bannockburn
Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\n}Resulted in Scottish independence
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| 32 | 1320 | - 1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
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| 33 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth
- 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
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| 34 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: King Edward III
King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer
- 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England
- 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
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| 35 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland
- 1328—1328: First sawmill
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| 36 | 1329 | - 1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
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| 37 | 1346 | - 1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
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| 38 | 1348 | - 1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England
Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
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| 39 | 1349 | - 1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
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| 40 | 1351 | - 1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
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| 41 | 1362 | - 1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts
Quarter Sessions established by statute
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| 42 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish
Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
- 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
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| 43 | 1370 | - 1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
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| 44 | 1371 | - 1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
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| 45 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: King Richard II
{\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f
- 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
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| 46 | 1381 | - 1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
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| 47 | 1382 | - 1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
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| 48 | 1383 | - 1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
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| 49 | 1387 | - 1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
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| 50 | 1388 | - 1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
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| 51 | 1397 | - 1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London
He was Lord Mayor 4 times
- 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
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| 52 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: King Henry IV
King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel
- 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II
Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty
- 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV
House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
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| 53 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented
- 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
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| 54 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: Trigger invented
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1227 - 1285 (57 years)