Timeline: Agnes Michaelson: Our Family History

	Date	Event(s)
1	1220	1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220 working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
2	1272	1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks {\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
3	1280	1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
4	1285	1285—1290: Windmills invented
5	1290	1290—26 Sep 1290: Death of 'maid of Norway' heiress to the Scotish crown Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\n}House of: Canmore{\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\n}Crowned: Not crowne
6	1291	1291—1292: Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland between some eleven 'competitors' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed
7	1292	1292—1292: King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)
8	1295	1295—1295: signing of the "Auld Alliance" between Scotland and France one of the world's oldest mutual defence treaties 1295—1295: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy
9	1296	1296—1296: Annexation of Scotland by England Scotlands Coronation Stone the "Stone of Destiny" or "Stone of Scone" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily 'returned' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\n}Beginni
10	1297	1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
11	1298	1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
12	1301	2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1301: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales He became King Edward II
13	1305	1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
14	1306	1306—1306: Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
15	1307	1307—1327: King Edward II King Edward II ( 1307 - 1327 ) {\n}{\n}1307 - Edward II accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Edward I.{\n}1308 - Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, is exiled for misgovernment.{\n}1309 - Gaveston returns from exile in France.{\n}1310 - Parli 7 Aug 1307—20 Jan 1327: Edward II House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 3217
16	1314	6 1314—24 Jun 1314: Battle of Bannockburn Scots under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II{\n}Resulted in Scottish independence
17	1320	1320—1320: Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish Independence
18	1326	1326—1326: First Scottish Parliamanet at Cambuskenneth 1326—1326: First mention of a handgun
19	1327	1327—1377: King Edward III King Edward III ( 1327 - 1377 ) {\n}{\n}1327 - Edward III accedes to the throne after his father, Edward II, is formally deposed.{\n}1330 - Edward takes power after three years of government by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimer 1327—1327: Deposition and regicide of King Edward II of England 1 1327—21 Jun 1377: Edward III of Windsor House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II
20	1328	1328—1328: Treaty of Northampton, formalised peace between England and Scotland 1328—1328: First sawmill
21	1329	1329—1329: Death of Robert the Bruce; succeeded by King David II of Scots
22	1346	1346—1346: Battle of Neville's Cross; English capture King David II
23	1348	1348—1348: Order of the Garter founded by King Edward III of England Motto - Honi soit qui mal y pense
24	1349	1349—1349: Black Death reaches England
25	1351	1351—1351: Statute of Labourers - attempt to regulate wages and prices at 1340 levels
26	1362	1362—1362: English becomes official language in English Parliament and Law Courts Quarter Sessions established by statute
27	1366	1366—1366: Statuts ot Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed 1366—1366: Scales for weighing invented
28	1370	1370—1370: 'Perpendicular' Gothic period in English architecture till about 1550
29	1371	1371—1371: Accession of Robert II, the first Stewart King of Scots
30	1377	1377—1399: King Richard II {\n}King Richard II ( 1377 - 1399 ) {\n}{\n}1377 - Richard II succeeds his grandfather, Edward III; the kingdom is ruled at first by the King's uncles, John of Gaunt and Thomas of Gloucester.{\n}1380 - John Wycliffe begins to translate the New Testament f 6 1377—29 Sep 1399: Richard II House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament
31	1381	1381—1381: Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler in protest at poll tax of 1380
32	1382	1382—1382: First translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe
33	1383	1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
34	1387	1387—1400: Chaucer begind writing the Canterbury Tales (d.1400)
35	1388	1388—1388: Battle of Otterburn, Northumberland (Chevy Chase)
36	1397	1397—1397: Richard (Dick) Whittington becomes Mayor of London He was Lord Mayor 4 times 1397—1397: The three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united in the Union of Kalmar
37	1399	1399—1413: King Henry IV King Henry IV ( 1399 - 1413 ) {\n}{\n}1399 - Henry returns from exile in France to reclaim his estates seized by Richard II; he claims the throne and is crowned. Richard is deposed and later imprisoned in Pontefract Castle.{\n}1400 - Richard dies from sel 1399—1399: Deposition of King Richard II Henry IV establishes Lancastrian Dynasty 9 1399—20 Mar 1413: Henry IV House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.
38	1400	1400—1400: The first piano called the Spinet invented 1400—1400: First golf balls invented
39	1411	1411—1411: Trigger invented
40	1412	1412—1412: Foundation of the University of St Andrews
41	1413	1413—1422: King Henry V King Henry V ( 1413 - 1422 ) {\n}{\n}1413 - Henry accedes to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of his father, Henry IV{\n}1415 - Henry thwarts the Cambridge plot, an attempt by a group of nobles to replace him on the throne with his cousin, Edmun 3 1413—31 Aug 1422: Henry V House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt
42	1415	10 1415—25 Oct 1415: Battle of Agincourt St. Crispin's Day
43	1420	1420—1420: Oil painting invented
44	1421	1421—1421: In Florence, hoisting gear invented
45	1422	1422—1461: King Henry VI {\n}King Henry VI ( 1422 - 1461 ) {\n}{\n}1422 - Henry becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry V, and then, two months later, King of France on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI.{\n}1422 - John, Duke of Bedford, is appointed Regen 1422—1422: Infant Hnery VI on thromne of England He was 9 months old 9 Jan 1422—5 Mar 1461: Henry VI House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower
46	1431	1431—1431: Death of Joan of Arc
47	1437	2 1437—20 Feb 1437: Assassination of King James I of Scots at Perth James was murdered at Perth on the night of 20–1 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
48	1451	1451—1451: University of Glasgow founded
49	1453	7 1453—17 Jul 1453: End of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne.{\n}August - Battle of Stamford Bridge - first War of the Roses - 1455-1487{\n}Gutenberg pri
50	1455	1455—1455: Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland 1455—1455: Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
51	1457	1457—1457: First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
52	1460	8 Mar 1460—3 Aug 1460: King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
53	1461	1461—1483: King Edward IV King Edward IV ( 1461 - 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1461 - Edward defeats the Lancastrian army at Mortimers Cross and is proclaimed King by his cousin Warwick, "The Kingmaker", in succession to Henry VI.{\n}1464 - Edward marries Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a com 3 May 1461—29 Sep 1483: Edward IV House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York
54	1465	1465—1465: Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames 1465—1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
55	1468	1468—1468: Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
56	1472	1472—1472: St. Andrews made a bishopric
57	1475	1475—1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
58	1476	1476—1476: Caxton sets up press in Westminster
59	1483	1483—1483: King Edward V King Edward V ( 1483 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - On the death of Edward, the crown passes to his young son, Edward V {\n}1483 - Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard.{\n}1483 - Edward and his younger brother Richard of York were 1483—1485: King Richard III {\n}King Richard III ( 1483 - 1485 ) {\n}{\n}1483 - Richard succeeds his brother Edward IV after confining his two nephews, EdwardV and Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London{\n}1483 - The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and Great Chamber 4 Sep 1483—25 Jun 1483: Edward V House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
60	1484	1484—1484: Introduction of bail for defendants in legal courts. English first used for parliamentary statutes
61	1485	1485—1509: King Henry VII King Henry VII ( 1485 - 1509 ) {\n}{\n}1485 - Henry accedes to the throne after defeating Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth.{\n}1486 - Henry marries Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.{\n}1487 - Henry crushes a 1485—22 Aug 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field King Richard III killed - beginning of the Tudors (Henry VII){\n}Formation of the yeoman of the Guard 1485—1485: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute 8 1485—21 Apr 1508: Henry VII Gaunt House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through is mother, Mary Beaufort via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York
62	1486	1486—1486: In Venice, the first known copyright granted
63	1487	1487—1487: Bell chimes invented
64	1492	1492—1492: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines 1492—1492: Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
65	1494	1494—1494: Whiskey invented in Scotland
66	1495	1495—1495: Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
67	1497	1497—1497: Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes 1497—1497: John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations John Cabot explores Newfoundland and Cape Breton
68	1499	16 Nov 1499—16 Nov 1499: Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
69	1500	1500—1500: Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland 1500—1500: The first flush toilets appeared
70	1503	1503—1503: Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505) 1503—1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor 28 May 1503—28 May 1503: Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
71	1505	1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh 1505—1505: Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
72	1506	22 Jan 1506—22 Jan 1506: First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
73	1507	1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar 1507—1507: First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar Apr 1507—Apr 1507: Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
74	1508	1508—1508: Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
75	1509	1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England 1509—1509: Naturalisation papers start in England Henry VIII becomes King of England (to 1547) 1509—1547: King Henry VIII {\n}King Henry VIII ( 1509 - 1547 ) {\n}{\n}1509 - Henry accedes to the throne on the death of his father, Henry VII.{\n}1509 - Henry marries Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish King and Queen, and widow of his elder brother, Arthur{\n}1513 - The 22 Apr 1509—22 Apr 1509: Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old 11 Jun 1509—11 Jun 1509: Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon 4 1509—28 Jan 1547: Henry VIII House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV
76	1510	1510—1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel 1510—1510: Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
77	1512	1512—1512: The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice versa 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London 1512—1512: Admiralty founded in London the "Auld Alliance" treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became Franch and vice versa Nov 1512—Nov 1512: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for the first time
78	1513	1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army Death of King James IV of Scots 1513—1513: Urs Graf invents etching 16 Aug 1513—16 Aug 1513: Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at Guinegate 9 Sep 1513—9 Sep 1513: Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
79	1514	1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland 1514—1514: Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland 1514—1514: The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
80	1515	15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
81	1516	1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
82	1517	31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as start of the Reformation 10 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg regarded as start of the Reformation
83	1518	1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored by Cardinal Wolsey
84	1520	Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
85	1521	17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
86	1522	6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
87	1523	1523—1523: Sweden leaves the union
88	1525	1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
89	1527	1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
90	1528	1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
91	1529	1529—1529: Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
92	1531	11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
93	1532	1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland 1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
94	1533	25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen on 1st June) 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
95	1534	1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII) 1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII) 1534—1534: Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence Cartier claims land for France
96	1535	1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
97	1536	1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540) 1536—1536: Dissolution of monastries starts in England 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th October) 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
98	1537	24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future Edward VI
99	1538	1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
100	1540	1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed 1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed 9th February - First recorded horse racing event in Britain at Chester 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day, wife #5
101	1541	1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland 1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland 1541—1541: First French settlement Charlesbourg-Royal settlement esatablished by Cartier
102	1542	1542—1542: Ther Rout of Solway Moss and the death of King James V of Scots 13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed 14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots' succeeds him just 6 days old
103	1543	12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him 9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
104	1544	1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders 1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland 1544—1545: Mary of Guise Regent of Scotland Henrys VIII "Rough Wooing" of the Scottish Borders
105	1545	20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982

My Footsteps

through our family History

Agnes Michaelson