| 1 | 1176 | - 1176—1209: London Bridge construction in stone started (from tax on wool) completed 1209
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| 2 | 1189 | - 1189—1199: Richard I 'Lionheart' becomes King of England. Dies 1199. -
Acknowledges the independence of Scotland.{\n}1.9.1189, Legal Memory dates from accession of Richard I
- 1189—1199: King Richard I The Lion Heart
King Richard I The Lion Heart ( 1189 - 1199 ) {\n}{\n}1189 - Richard I becomes King of England upon the death of Henry II{\n}1189 - William Longchamp is appointed Chancellor of England and governs the country during Richard's absence abroad{\n}1189 - Rich
- 1189—1199: Richard I the Lionhearted
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader
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| 3 | 1190 | - 1190—1280: 'Early English' Gothic period in English architecture
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| 4 | 1193 | - 1193—1197: Jindrich Bretislav (Henry Bretislaus)
First cousin of Premysl I. Otakar.
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| 5 | 1197 | - 1197—1197: Vladislav (III.) Jindrich (Vladislaus III Henry)
Brother of Premysl I. Otakar.
- 1197—1198: Premysl I. Otakar
Second time. Became King in 1198, and his descendants retained the title.
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| 6 | 1199 | - 1199—1216: King John
{\n}King John ( 1199 - 1216 ) {\n}{\n}1199 - John accedes to the throne on the death of his brother, Richard I.{\n}1204 - England loses most of its possessions in France.{\n}1205 - John refuses to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury{\n}1208
- 5 1199—19 Oct 1216: John Lackland
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta 1215
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| 7 | 1200 | - 1200—1200: Clothing buttons invented
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| 8 | 1202 | - 1202—1202: The Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician, Fibonacci
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| 9 | 1215 | - 6 1215—15 Jun 1215: Magna Carta signed at Runnymede by King John
First Lord Mayor's Show in London
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| 10 | 1216 | - 1216—1272: King Henry II
King Henry III ( 1216 - 1272 ) {\n}{\n}1216 - Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal{\n}1222 - De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the Frenc
- 10 1216—16 Nov 1272: Henry III
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227
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| 11 | 1220 | - 1220—1343: Start of building of York Minster: Archbishop Walter de Gray started its construction (with transept) in 1220
working from the design of the Norman Cathedral of 1070. Its towers were finally completed in 1470. (some say started 1291, completed 1345){\n}Salisbury Cathedral started (replacing the Norman cathedral at Old Sarum) by Bishop Poore in 1220, consecrated i
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| 12 | 1222 | - 1222—1222: Introduction of poll tax in England
King Alexander II of Scotland conquers Argyll
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| 13 | 1228 | - 1228—1228: First recorded mention of the Royal Mint
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| 14 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: Cambridge University organised and grantred Royal Charter
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| 15 | 1237 | - 1237—1237: Treaty of York signed
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| 16 | 1247 | - 1247—1247: Foundation of Bedlam (Bethleham Hospital), London by Simon Fitzmary
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| 17 | 1248 | - 1248—1248: Charter granted to Oxford University by Henry II
c 1250 Royal Proclamation by Henry II are first government documents issued in English
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| 18 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula
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| 19 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: Gun invented in China
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| 20 | 1263 | - 1263—1263: Battle of Largs Ayrshire
King Alexander defeats Norwegian invaders under King Haakon
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| 21 | 1264 | - 1264—1264: First recorded reference to Justice of the Peace in England
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| 22 | 1265 | - 1265: Start of English Parliament
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| 23 | 1266 | - 1266—1266: Western Isles acquired by Scotland
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| 24 | 1268 | - 1268—1269: Invention of eyeglasses
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| 25 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: King Edward I Longshanks
{\n}King Edward I Longshanks ( 1272 - 1307 ) {\n}{\n}1272 - Edward learns that he has succeeded to the throne on his way home from the Crusade{\n}1274 - Edward is crowned in Westminster Abbey{\n}1282 - Edward invades North Wales and defeats Prince Llywely
- 11 1272—7 Jul 1307: Edward I Longshanks
House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III
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| 26 | 1280 | - 1280—1370: 'Decorated' Gothic period in English architecture
- 1280—1280: Mechanical clocks invented
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| 27 | 1283 | - 1283—1283: Annexation of Wales to England
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| 28 | 1285 | - 1285—1290: Windmills invented
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| 29 | 1290 | - 1290—26 Sep 1290: Death of 'maid of Norway' heiress to the Scotish crown
Name: Margaret , Maid of Norway{\n}Father: Eric II, King of Norway{\n}Mother: Margaret, daughter of Alexander III{\n}House of: Canmore{\n}Born: April 9, 1283 at Tonsberg, Norway{\n}Ascended to the throne: March 19, 1286 aged 2 years{\n}Crowned: Not crowne
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| 30 | 1291 | - 1291—1292: Compwetition for the Crown of Scotland
between some eleven 'competitors' including John Baliol, John Comyn and Robert Bruce the elder all claiming the right to succeed
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| 31 | 1292 | - 1292—1292: King Edward awards Scottish crown to John Baiol (Toon Tabard)
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| 32 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: signing of the "Auld Alliance" between Scotland and France
one of the world's oldest mutual defence treaties
- 1295—1295: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy
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| 33 | 1296 | - 1296—1296: Annexation of Scotland by England
Scotlands Coronation Stone the "Stone of Destiny" or "Stone of Scone" was removed to Westminste Abbey by the English King Edward I, temporarily 'returned' to Scotland in 1950, and permanently returned in 1996{\n}John Baiol dethroned by Edward I{\n}Beginni
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| 34 | 1297 | - 1297—1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of the English Army.
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| 35 | 1298 | - 1298—1298: Battle of Falkirk
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| 36 | 1301 | - 2 Jul 1301—7 Feb 1302: Edward Son of Edward I created first Prince of Wales
He became King Edward II
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| 37 | 1305 | - 1305—1305: Unlawful trial and execution of William Wallace
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1510 - 1550 (40 years)