Timeline: Jonathan L. Byrd: Our Family History

	Date	Event(s)
1	1383	1383—99 9999: Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
2	1755	1755—1827: Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr, Johnson Period of canal construction began in Britian
3	1760	1760—1820: King George III King George III ( 1760 - 1820 ) {\n}{\n}1760 - George becomes king on the death of his grandfather, George II.{\n}1762 - The Earl of Bute is appointed Prime Minister. Bute proves so unpopular that he needs to have a bodyguard.{\n}1763 - Peace of Paris end 10 1760—29 Jan 1820: George III House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg
4	1763	1763—1884: POST-DEPORTATION PERIOD
5	1764	8 1764—1862: Indian treaties transferring land to Britain
6	1773	1773—1858: East India Company governs Hindustan
7	1798	4 Jul 1798—9 Dec 1817: Mississippi Territory Organized
8	1805	1 Nov 1805—25 Jan 1837: Michigan Territory Organized Effective date 30 Jun 1805
9	1809	2 Mar 1809—2 Dec 1818: Illinois Territory Organized Effective date 1 Mar 1809 4 Mar 1809—4 Mar 1817: James Madison James Madison U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1809—4 Mar 1817: James Madison
10	1812	6 Apr 1812—9 Aug 1821: Missouri Territory Organized Effective date 7 Dec 1812
11	1817	1817—1817: Constable painted 'Flatford Mill' 1817—1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended 1817—1898: Indian Wars 1817—1817: Census of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia census adds place-of-birth question 3 Mar 1817—13 Dec 1819: Alabama Territory Organized 4 Mar 1817—4 Mar 1825: James Monroe James Monroe U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1817—3 Mar 1825: James Monroe 12 Oct 1817—10 Dec 1817: Mississippi 20th State
12	1818	1818—1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike 1818—1819: First Seminole War 1818—1818: The 49th parallel becomes border Canada-US border officially set from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains 12 Mar 1818—3 Dec 1818: Illinois 21st State 20 Oct 1818—20 Oct 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
13	1819	1819—1819: Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles 1819—1819: Britain returns to gold standard 1819—1819: Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular 1819—1819: René Laënnec invents the stethoscope 1819—1819: Samuel Fahnestock patents a "soda fountain" 3 Feb 1819—14 Jun 1836: Arkansas Territory Organized Effective 4 July 1819 May 1819—May 1819: SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days mostly under sail) 16 Aug 1819—16 Aug 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others 12 1819—14 Dec 1819: Alabama 22nd State
14	1820	1820—1820: Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition 1820—1820: Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet 1820—1820: Cape Breton Island re-annexed to Nova Scotia 1820—1820: Militia land grants 1812-1814 militiamen entitled to land grants 29 Jan 1820—29 Jan 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent 1 Aug 1820—1 Aug 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens 17 Aug 1820—17 Aug 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ? George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords 3 1820—15 Mar 1820: Maine 23rd State 1 1820—20 Jun 1830: George IV House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811
15	1821	1821—1821: Constable paints 'The Hay Wain' 1821—1821: Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation' 5 May 1821—5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena 8 Oct 1821—10 Aug 1821: Missouri 24th State
16	1822	14 Jun 1822—14 Jun 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society 3 1822—2 Mar 1845: Florida Territory Organized
17	1823	1823—1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh 1823—1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School 1823—1823: Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes 1823—1823: New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session 1823—1823: Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland 2 Dec 1823—2 Dec 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
18	1824	1824—1824: Portland cement patented 1824—1824: RSPCA established 1824—1824: Canada (Land) Company formed acquires outstanding Crown reserves 1824—1824: First annual numerical census of Upper Canada Census counts 150,066 individuals 1824—1824: Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon 1824—1824: Englishmen, Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material 4 Mar 1824—4 Mar 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854) 10 May 1824—10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
19	1825	1825—1825: William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet 4 Mar 1825—4 Mar 1829: John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1825—4 Mar 1829: John Quincy Adams 10 May 1825—5 Oct 1825: The Miramichi Fire 200-500 people killed in fire that destroys the New Brunswick towns of Newcastle and Douglastown 27 Sep 1825—27 Sep 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains 6 1825—20 Sep 1825: Lower Canada (Quebec} census count of population by family
20	1826	1826—1826: Red River flooding High waters force the complete evacuation of the 10-year-old Red River Colony -- the future Winnipeg, Manitoba
21	1827	1827—1827: Ohm's Law published 1827—1827: Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone 1827—1827: John Walker invents the modern matches
22	1828	1828—1828: Naturalization commences Naturalization required for non-British persons 11 Jul 1828—1829: Military rolls taken in Canada West (Ontario) military records name every soldier from 19 to 39 years of age 25 Oct 1828—25 Oct 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
23	1829	1829—1829: Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind 1829—1829: London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel 1829—1829: Roman Catholics are permitted by law to buy and inherit property and keep records. 1829—1829: Welland Canal opens Lake Ontario to Lake Erie canal opens 1829—1829: William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter 1829—1829: Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing 1829—1829: American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter 5 1829—May 1829: Guelph, Ontario, tornado tornado destroys many homes 4 Mar 1829—4 Mar 1837: Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1829—4 Mar 1837: Andrew Jackson 10 Jun 1829—10 Jun 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race 6 Oct 1829—6 Oct 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)
24	1830	1830—1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium 1830—1830: Frenchmen, B. Thimonnier invents a sewing machine Jul 1830—Jul 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne 15 Sep 1830—15 Sep 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over! 6 1830—20 Jun 1837: William IV House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
25	1831	1831—1831: A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled 1831—1831: Marriage Act amended allows Baptist, Congregationalist, Methodist, Mennonite, Independent, Dunkers and Moravian clergy to legally perform marriages 1831—1831: American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper 1831—1831: Michael Faraday invents an electric dynamo 6 Jan 1831—1 Oct 1831: Lower Canada (Quebec) census count of population by family 1 Jun 1831—1 Jun 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole 1 Aug 1831—1 Aug 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
26	1832	1832—1832: Electric telegraph invented by Morse 1832—1832: Electoral Registers introduced 1832—1836: Texas Revolutionary War Texas vs Mexico 1832—1832: Englishmen, Louis Braille invents the stereoscope 4 Jan 1832—1937: Immigrants quarantined at Grosse Isle Canada's immigrant quarantine station opens at Grosse Isle 14 May 1832—2 Aug 1832: Black Hawk War Black Hawk War 7 Jun 1832—7 Jun 1832: Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act 6 1832—Sep 1832: Cholera epidemic - Canada West First province-wide cholera epidemic
27	1833	1833—1833: Abolition of slavery Jan 1833—Jan 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands 29 Aug 1833—29 Aug 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
28	1834	1834—1834: Babbage invents forerunner of the computer 1834—1834: Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine) 1834—1834: Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent 7 1834—15 Sep 1834: Cholera epidemic - Canada West Second province-wide cholera epidemic 18 Mar 1834—18 Mar 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities 1 May 1834—1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
29	1835	1835—1835: First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway 1835—1835: Christmas becomes a national holiday 1835—1842: Second Seminole War 1835—1835: Englishmen, Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller 1835—1835: Englishmen, Henry F. Talbot invents Calotype photography 1835—1835: Solymon Merrick patents the wrench 1835—1835: Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator 2 Oct 1835—21 Apr 1836: Texas War of Independence Texas War of Independence 3 Nov 1835—11 Mar 1835: First formal police force Canadian police force established in Toronto
30	1836	1836—1836: First Potato famine in Ireland 1836—1836: Samuel Colt invented the first revolver 30 Jan 1836—30 Jan 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge 25 Feb 1836—25 Feb 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver' 6 Mar 1836—6 Mar 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett 11 May 1836—2 Feb 1848: Mexican-American War Mexican-American War Jul 1836—Jul 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris 6 1836—15 Jun 1836: Arkansas 25th State 4 1836—28 May 1848: Wisconsin Territory Organized Effective date 3 Jul 1836
31	1837	1837—1837: P&O Founded 1837—1837: Pitman introduces his shorthand system 1837—1837: Samuel Morse invents the telegraph 1837—1837: English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp 11 1837—Dec 1837: Lower Canada Rebellion French and English rebel against British colonial government 12 1837—Dec 1837: Upper Canada Rebellion An uprising against the ruling clique -- the Family Compact 4 Mar 1837—4 Mar 1841: Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1837—4 Mar 1841: Martin van Buren 12 Apr 1837—7 Dec 1837: Mackenzie Rebellion U.S. patriotic rebels fight Loyalists in Toronto 20 Jun 1837—20 Jun 1837: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901) 1 Jul 1837—1 Jul 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834 13 Jul 1837—13 Jul 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace 20 Jul 1837—20 Jul 1837: Euston Railway station opens - first in London 6 1837—22 Jan 1901: Victoria House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort 1 1837—26 Jan 1837: Michigan 26th State
32	1838	1838—1838: Samual Morse invents Morse Code 28 Jun 1838—28 Jun 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey 11 Nov 1838—16 Nov 1838: Rebellion of Hastings County, Ontario U.S. patriots raid Prescott 6 Dec 1838—27 Dec 1846: Iowa Territory Organized Effective date 3 July 1838
33	1839	1839—1839: Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber 1839—1839: Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern Sense 1839—1839: First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong 1839—1839: Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce co-invent Daguerreotype photography 1839—1839: Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents a bicycle 1839—1839: American, Charles Goodyear invents rubber vulcanization 1839—1839: Welshmen, Sir William Robert Grove conceives of the first hydrogen fuel cell 1839—1839: American, Thaddeus Fairbanks invents platform scales 1 1839—Jan 1839: Durham Report Proposal to unite Upper and Lower Canada and assimilate the French
34	1840	1840—1840: Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere) 1840—1840: Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain 1840—1840: Englishmen, John Herschel invents the blueprint 10 Jan 1840—10 Jan 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
35	1841	1841—1841: Thomas Cook starts package tours 1841—1841: The first census of genealogical value is taken. 1841—1841: Samuel Slocum patents the stapler 10 Feb 1841—10 Feb 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp 4 Mar 1841—4 Apr 1841: William Henry Harrison William Henry Harriso 3 Apr 1841—4 Apr 1841: William H. Harrison William Henry Harrison succumbed to pneumonia 4 Apr 1841—4 Mar 1845: John Tyler John Tyler U.S. Presidency 4 Apr 1841—4 Mar 1845: John Tyler John Tyler the first vice president to succeed to the presidency due to death of a president 6 Jun 1841—6 Jun 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M) 2 Oct 1841—10 Feb 1841: Act of Union Upper and Lower Canada united to become the Province of Canada and renamed to Canada East and Canada West
36	1842	1842—1842: Income Tax reintroduced in Britain 1842—1842: Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator 2 Jan 1842—1 Feb 1842: First major census taken Canada West (Ontario) census counts 487,053 individuals 30 Mar 1842—30 Mar 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America) 29 Aug 1842—29 Aug 1842: Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
37	1843	1843—1843: First Christmas card in England 1843—1843: Alexander Bain of Scotland, invents the facsimile 27 May 1843—27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London 19 Jul 1843—19 Jul 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
38	1844	1844—1844: Englishmen, John Mercer invents mercerized cotton 6 Jun 1844—6 Jun 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
39	1845	1845—1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham) 1845—1845: USA doubles cost of passage to American ports USA passage fees encourage immigrants to choose Canada as their destination 1845—1845: American, Elias Howe invents a sewing machine 1845—1845: Robert William Thomson patents the first vulcanised rubber pneumatic tire 3 Mar 1845—3 Mar 1845: Florida 27th State 4 Mar 1845—4 Mar 1849: James K. Polk James K. Polk U.S. Presidency 17 Mar 1845—17 Mar 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry 3 Apr 1845—5 Mar 1849: James Polk 12 1845—29 Dec 1845: Texas 28th State 5 1845—28 Jan 1861: Kansas Territory Organized
40	1846	1846—1846: Canada-U.S. Boundary Completed 1846—1846: Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction 10 Sep 1846—10 Sep 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe 4 1846—2 Feb 1848: Mexican-American War 12 1846—28 Dec 1846: Iowa 29th State
41	1847	1847—1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre 1847—1847: Longfellow writes the poem Evangeline The poem Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longefellow is published. A spirit of pride and hope is rekindled among the Acadians. 1847—1847: Typhus epidemic The height of the typhus and cholera epidemic brought by immigrants - the black year of emigration 1847—1848: Influenza epidemic worldwide influenza kills millions 1847—1847: Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics Jan 1847—Jan 1847: An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
42	1848	1848—1848: First commercial production of chewing gum 1848—1848: 1842's followup census completed Canada West (Ontario) counts 725,897 individuals 1848—1848: Waldo Hanchett patents the dental chair 24 Jan 1848—24 Jan 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush 11 Jul 1848—11 Jul 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens 8 1848—13 Feb 1859: Oregon Territory Organized 5 1848—29 May 1848: Wisconsin 30th State
43	1849	1849—1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally occurred in 1971! 1849—1849: Canada's 49th parallel border is extended to the Pacific Ocean 1849—1849: Official bilingualism All Canadian parliament bills are now in both English and French 1849—1849: Walter Hunt invents the safety pin 3 Mar 1849—10 Nov 1858: Minnesota Territory Organized 4 Mar 1849—9 Jul 1850: Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor U.S. Presidency 3 May 1849—9 Jul 1850: Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor died while in office 10 Nov 1849—11 Oct 1849: Annexation Manifesto Montreal's businessmen call for Canada's annexation by the U.S.
44	1850	1850—1850: Joel Houghton was granted the first dishwasher patent 1 Jan 1850—1 Jan 1850: County government Counties become official units of local government 9 Jul 1850—4 Mar 1853: Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore U.S. Presidency 6 Sep 1850—3 Jan 1896: Utah Territory Organized 9 Sep 1850—5 Jan 1912: New Mexico Territory Organized 9 Sep 1850—9 Sep 1850: California 31st State 7 Oct 1850—4 Mar 1853: Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore, vice president under Zachary Taylor, sworn in as president after Taylor's death
45	1851	1851—1851: Gold discovered in Australia 1851—1851: First Canadian postage stamp Orange-red stamp is created by Sir Sandford Fleming, sells for three pence and features a beaver 1851—1851: Toronto-Buffalo rail line constructed Great Western Railway creates Toronto-Buffalo line 1851—1851: Isaac Singer invents a sewing machine 1 May 1851—1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
46	1852	1852—1852: Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement 1852—1852: Wells Fargo established in USA 1852—1852: Jean Bernard Léon Foucault invents a gyroscope 1852—1852: Henri Giffard builds an airship powered by the first aircraft engine - unsuccessful design 1 Dec 1852—12 Jan 1852: First "thorough" Canadian census "1851" census includes Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, but was not completed until 1853
47	1853	1853—1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain 1853—1853: George Cayley invents a manned glider 3 Feb 1853—10 Nov 1889: Washington Territory Organized 4 Mar 1853—4 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1853—4 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce
48	1854	1854—1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain 1854—1854: John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics 27 Mar 1854—27 Mar 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War) 25 Oct 1854—25 Oct 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade) 5 1854—28 Feb 1867: Nebraska Territory Organized
49	1855	1855—1855: Civil registration begins. 1855—1855: Ice Hockey The first game of ice hockey is believed to have been played in Kingston, Ontario 1855—1855: Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor 1855—1855: Georges Audemars invents rayon 1 Jan 1855—1 Jan 1855: Ottawa named The logging town of Bytown is renamed to Ottawa
50	1856	1856—1856: End of Crimean War 1856—1856: Louis Pasteur invents pasteurisation 29 Jan 1856—29 Jan 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
51	1857	1857—1857: Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable 1857—1857: Ottawa is declared the capital of Canada by Queen Victoria 1857—1857: George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel 4 Mar 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan James Buchanan U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan
52	1858	1858—1858: Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London 1858—1858: 'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work 1858—1858: Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine 1858—1858: Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine 5 Nov 1858—11 May 1858: Minnesota 32nd State
53	1859	1859—1859: Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain 25 Apr 1859—25 Apr 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869) 4 May 1859—4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall 24 Nov 1859—24 Nov 1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species' 2 1859—14 Feb 1859: Oregon 33rd State
54	1860	1860—1860: The Maple Leaf first used as official emblem of Canada during visit from the Prince of Wales 29 Aug 1860—29 Aug 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
55	1861	1861—1861: Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator 1861—1861: Pierre Michaux invents a bicycle 1861—1861: Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock 2 Feb 1861—1 Nov 1889: North Dakota Territory Organized 3 Feb 1861—1 Nov 1889: South Dakota Territory Organized 3 Feb 1861—30 Oct 1864: Nevada Territory Organized 4 Mar 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth on 14 Apr 1865 and dies the next day 12 Apr 1861—9 Apr 1865: American Civil War American Civil War 25 May 1861—25 May 1861: American Civil War begins 1 1861—14 Jan 1861: Canadian census 1861 census includes Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island 4 1861—9 Apr 1865: Civil War Union vs Confederacy 2 1861—31 Jul 1876: Colorado Territory Organized 1 1861—29 Jan 1861: Kansas 34th State
56	1862	1862—1862: Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks) 1862—1862: Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic 1862—1862: Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun 20 Apr 1862—20 Apr 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
57	1863	1863—1863: Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England 1863—1863: Football Association founded (UK) 1863—1863: Denmark goes to war against Prussia and Austria. In the Treaty of Prague (1866), Denmark cedes Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia (Ge 10 Jan 1863—10 Jan 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens 3 Mar 1863—2 Jul 1890: Idaho Territory Organized 6 1863—20 Jun 1863: West Virginia 35th State 2 1863—13 Feb 1912: Arizona Territory Organized
58	1864	1864—1864: A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship 11 Mar 1864—11 Mar 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time 20 Aug 1864—20 Aug 1864: Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention 8 Dec 1864—8 Dec 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened 5 1864—7 Nov 1889: Montana Territory Organized 10 1864—31 Oct 1864: Nevada 36th State
59	1865	1865—1865: First concrete roads built in Britain 1865—1865: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908] 14 Apr 1865—14 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth 14 Apr 1865—14 Apr 1865: End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA 15 Apr 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson U.S. Presidency 12 Jun 1865—6 Dec 1865: 13th Amendment ratified 5 Jul 1865—5 Jul 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London 4 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson, vice president under Abraham Lincoln, sworn in as president upon Lincoln's death 1 1865—31 Jan 1865: 13th Amendment passed by Congress
60	1866	1866—1866: Fenian Raids Irish Americans raid Canada 1866—1866: Ontario Gold Rush Gold discovered in Eldorado, Hastings County, Ontario 1866—1866: Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo 1866—1866: J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener 1866—1866: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite 6 1866—13 Jun 1866: 14th Amendment passed by Congress
61	1867	1867—1867: Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter 3 Jan 1867—1 Mar 1867: Nebraska 37th State 7 Jan 1867—1 Jul 1867: 10-year census taking becomes a legal requirement the first census of The Dominion of Canada is scheduled for 1871 and every 10 years after 7 Jan 1867—1 Jul 1867: Confederation British North America Act creates the Dominion of Canada from the provinces of Canada (Upper and Lower), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 1 Jul 1867—1 Jul 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
62	1868	1868—1868: Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia) 1868—1868: Vote given to male British subjects British males, 21 years of age or older who own, rent or occupy property of specified values are entitled to vote 1868—1868: J P Knight invents traffic lights 1868—1868: George Westinghouse invents air brakes 1868—1868: Robert Mushet invents tungsten steel 7 1868—19 Jul 1868: 14th Amendment ratified 7 1868—9 Jul 1890: Wyoming Territory Organized
63	1869	1869—1869: Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented 7 Jan 1869—1 Jul 1869: Ontario begins BMD registration Start of Ontario's registration of births, marriages and deaths 4 Mar 1869—4 Mar 1877: Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1869—5 Mar 1877: Ulysses Grant 23 Nov 1869—23 Nov 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton 11 1869—15 Jul 1870: Rupert's Land joins Canada Canada purchases Rupert's Land from Hudson's Bay Company. Some of this land is added to Ontario, and the rest is later divided into the provinces of Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan and the Northwest Territories 2 1869—26 Feb 1869: 15th Amendment passed by Congress
64	1870	1870—1870: Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa 1870—1870: Water closets come into wide use 1870—1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children 1870—1870: GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised) 1870—1870: First census of British Columbia 2 Mar 1870—3 Feb 1870: 15th Amendment ratified 1 Oct 1870—1 Oct 1870: First British postcard - halfpenny post 7 1870—15 Jul 1870: Manitoba created Part of Rupert's Land becomes Manitoba -- the fifth province 7 1870—15 Jul 1870: Northwest Territories created Part of Rupert's Land becomes the Northwest Territories
65	1871	4 Feb 1871—2 Apr 1871: Dominion of Canada Census The first national census after Confederation includes Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia - counts 3,689,257 27 Mar 1871—27 Mar 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh 29 Mar 1871—29 Mar 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London 29 Jun 1871—29 Jun 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal 7 1871—20 Jul 1871: British Columbia joins Canada British Columbia becomes Canada's sixth province
66	1872	1872—1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales) 1872—1872: Licensing hours introduced 1872—1872: Chinese and First Nations banned from voting in BC The British Columbia Qualifications of Voters Act denies the Chinese and First Nations peoples the right to vote 1872—1872: Dominion Land Act Prairies opened for settlement by offer of 160 acres of land to each settler, resident for 3 years and paying a $10 filing fee 1872—1872: A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog 1872—1872: J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill 4 Dec 1872—4 Dec 1872: American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
67	1873	1873—1873: North-West Mounted Police created "Mounties" formed from civilians to patrol the west 1873—1873: Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire 7 Jan 1873—1 Jul 1873: Prince Edward Island joins Canada Prince Edward Island becomes Canada's seventh province 5 1873—13 May 1873: Nova Scotia coal mine explosion 60 men die in Westville, Nova Scotia when a coal mine is destroyed by fire and explosion 8 1873—25 Aug 1873: The Great Nova Scotia Cyclone 500 killed by cyclone
68	1874	1874—1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week 1874—1874: Voting rights extended male British subjects 21 years old and over, with annual income of $400 and 'enfranchised Indians' given the right to vote 1874—1874: American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher 5 Apr 1874—5 Apr 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
69	1875	1875—1875: London's main sewage system completed 1875—1875: Supreme Court of Canada established 1875—1875: Western Indian treaties signed 1 Jan 1875—1 Jan 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
70	1876	1876—1876: Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine 1876—1876: Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone 1876—1876: Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper 8 Jan 1876—1 Aug 1876: Colorado 38th State 14 Feb 1876—14 Feb 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
71	1877	1877—1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph 1877—1877: Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph 1877—1877: Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures 4 Mar 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. Presidenc 3 May 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford Hayes
72	1878	1878—1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard 1878—1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp 1878—1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph 1878—1878: Sir Joseph Wilson Swan was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb
73	1879	18 Sep 1879—18 Sep 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
74	1880	1880—1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria 1880—1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds 1880—7 Nov 1885: Chinese build railroad The construction of the western section of the Canadian Pacific Railway employs thousands of Chinese workers 1880—1880: Englishmen, John Milne invents the modern seismograph 1880—1880: The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper 2 Aug 1880—2 Aug 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
75	1881	1881—1881: Postal Orders introduced 1881—1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy 1881—1881: First Acadian Convention at Memramcook First Acadian Convention at Memramcook. The Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Mother is voted as the Acadian National holiday and is celebrated each year on August 15th. 1881—1881: David Houston patents the roll film for cameras 1881—1881: Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector 1881—1881: Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano 4 Mar 1881—19 Sep 1881: James A. Garfield James A. Garfield U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1881—19 Sep 1881: James Garfield James Garfield wounded by assassin's bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies 19 Sep 1881 4 Apr 1881—4 Apr 1881: Census of Canada counts 4,324,810 individuals Sep 1881—Sep 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904) 19 Sep 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur Chester A. Arthur U.S. Presidency 26 Oct 1881—26 Oct 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral 9 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur Chester A. Arthur, vice president under James Garfield, sworn in as president upon the death of Garfield
76	1882	1882—1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed 1882—1882: Home children arrive First shipload of sponsored immigrant children arrive in Canada (Dr. Barnardo Homes etc.) 1882—1882: Northwest Territories divided Athabasca, Assiniboia, Alberta and Saskatchewan created
77	1883	1883—1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France 24 May 1883—24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River) 1 Aug 1883—1 Aug 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain 27 Aug 1883—27 Aug 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
78	1884	1884—1884: Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche on Prince Edward Island. The tri-color with gold star is approved as the Acadian flag and the hymn Ave Maris Stella becomes the national anthem of the Acadians. 1884—1884: Voting rights extended Spinsters and widows permitted to vote in municipal elections 1884—1884: James Ritty invents the first working, mechanical cash register 1884—1884: Charles Parson patents the steam turbine 1884—1884: Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen 1884—1884: George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film 1884—1884: Frenchmen, H. de Chardonnet invents rayon 31 May 1884—31 May 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes 13 Oct 1884—13 Oct 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
79	1885	1885—1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle 1885—1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper 1885—1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car 1885—1885: Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine 1885—1885: Harim Maxim invents the machine gun 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler invents the first gas-engined motorcycle Mar 1885—Mar 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking 4 Mar 1885—4 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1885—4 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland 11 Jul 1885—7 Nov 1885: Canadian Pacific Railway Completed 'Here on November 7, 1885, a plain iron spike welded East to West', says a plaque in Craigellachie, Eagle Pass, BC 5 Sep 1885—5 Sep 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel 29 Sep 1885—29 Sep 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool 11 1885—16 Nov 1885: Louis Riel hanged Accused of treason for leading the Métis resistance, Louis Riel's hanging in Regina further degrades English-French relations
80	1886	1886—1886: Gottlieb Daimler builds the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle 1886—1886: John Pemberton invents Coca Cola 1886—1886: Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher 20 Jan 1886—20 Jan 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales May 1886—May 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola' 29 May 1886—29 May 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
81	1887	1887—1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car 1887—1887: German, Heinrich Hertz invents radar 1887—1887: Rowell Hodge patents barbed wire 1887—1887: Emile Berliner invents the gramophone 1887—1887: F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invent the first wearable contact lenses 5 Mar 1887—3 May 1887: Coal mine explosion in Nanaimo, BC 148 killed in mine explosion
82	1888	1888—1888: First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film 1888—1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre 1888—1888: County Councils set up in Britain 1888—1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year 1888—1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace 1888—1888: Voting rights extended All adult male British subjects except unenfranchised Indians living on reserves are permitted to vote 1888—1888: John Boyd Dunlop patents a commercially successful pneumatic tire 1888—1888: Nikola Tesla invents the AC motor and transformer 1888—1888: Marvin Stone patents the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws 20 Mar 1888—20 Mar 1888: Football League formed
83	1889	1889—1889: Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies 1889—1889: Celluloid film produced 1889—1889: Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act Ontario's western boundary extended to west of Lake Superior 1889—1889: Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder 1889—1889: Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook 11 Feb 1889—2 Nov 1889: South Dakota 40th State 11 Feb 1889—2 Nov 1889: North Dakota 39th State 4 Mar 1889—4 Mar 1893: Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison U.S. Presidency 31 Mar 1889—31 Mar 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution) 3 Apr 1889—4 Mar 1893: Benjamin Harrison 14 May 1889—14 May 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London 3 Jun 1889—3 Jun 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast 11 Aug 1889—8 Nov 1889: Montana 41st State 28 Sep 1889—28 Sep 1889: Length of a metre defined 11 Nov 1889—11 Nov 1889: Washington 42nd State
84	1890	5 Feb 1890—15 Nov 1907: Indian Territory Organized The most of the area that is present day Oklahoma was divided into Oklahoma and Indian Territory 5 Feb 1890—15 Nov 1907: Oklahoma Territory Organized The most of the area that is present day Oklahoma was divided into Oklahoma and Indian Territory 4 Mar 1890—4 Mar 1890: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build 7 Mar 1890—3 Jul 1890: Idaho 43rd State 7 Oct 1890—10 Jul 1890: Wyoming 44th State 4 Nov 1890—4 Nov 1890: City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
85	1891	1891—1891: Primary education made free and compulsory 1891—1891: First Children's Aid Society is established in Toronto 1891—1891: Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator 18 Mar 1891—18 Mar 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris 4 May 1891—4 May 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893) 4 Jun 1891—6 Apr 1891: Census of Canada counts 4,833,239 individuals 24 Aug 1891—24 Aug 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
86	1892	1892—1892: Electric oven invented 1892—1892: Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's 1892—1892: Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask 1892—1892: Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine 6 Oct 1892—6 Oct 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
87	1893	1893—1893: Zip fastener invented 1893—1893: Henry Ford's first car 1893—1893: American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper 1893—1893: Edward Goodrich Acheson invents carborundum 4 Mar 1893—4 Mar 1897: Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1893—4 Mar 1897: Grover Cleveland
88	1894	1894—1894: Picture postcard introduced in Britain 1 Jan 1894—1 Jan 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opens 1 Mar 1894—1 Mar 1894: Blackpool Tower opens 30 Jun 1894—30 Jun 1894: Tower Bridge first opens 2 Aug 1894—2 Aug 1894: Death duties first introduced in Britain
89	1895	1895—1895: Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London 1895—1895: Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one 1895—1895: Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe 12 Jan 1895—12 Jan 1895: The National Trust founded in England 24 May 1895—24 May 1895: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted 28 May 1895—28 May 1895: Oscar Wilde sent to prison 12 Jul 1895—12 Jul 1895: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain 17 Oct 1895—17 Oct 1895: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey Nov 1895—Nov 1895: X-rays discovered
90	1896	1896—1896: Gold discovered in Yukon Gold found in Bonanza Creek, Klondike River, Yukon 1896—1896: American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel 1 Apr 1896—4 Jan 1896: Utah 45th State 5 Apr 1896—5 Apr 1896: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens 2 Jun 1896—2 Jun 1896: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
91	1897	1897—1897: Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector 4 Mar 1897—14 Sep 1901: William McKinley William McKinley U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1897—14 Sep 1901: William McKinley William McKinley dies in Buffalo, NY.
92	1898	1898—1898: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded 1898—1898: Zeppelin builds airship 1898—1898: First photograph using artificial light 1898—1898: Klondike gold rush Gold rush along the upper Yukon River 1898—1898: Yukon gold rush 1898—1898: Rudolf Diesel receives patent #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine" the Diesel engine 1898—1898: Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster 17 Mar 1898—17 Mar 1898: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine 25 Apr 1898—12 Aug 1898: Spanish-American War Spanish-American War 27 Jun 1898—27 Jun 1898: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895) 7 Jul 1898—20 Aug 1959: Territory of Hawaii was Oraganized 6 1898—13 Jun 1898: The Yukon joins Canada Yukon becomes an entity separate from the North-West Territories 4 1898—10 Dec 1898: Spanish-American War United States vs Spain
93	1899	1899—1899: J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner 1899—1899: I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame 6 Mar 1899—6 Mar 1899: Aspirin first marketed by Bayer 2 Jun 1899—4 Jul 1902: Philippine-American War Philippine-American War 11 Oct 1899—11 Oct 1899: Start of Second Boer War 2 Nov 1899—7 Sep 1901: Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion 10 1899—30 Oct 1899: Boer War Canadian troops sent overseas for the first time to fight in the Boer War, but this is opposed by Quebec
94	1900	1900—1900: School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years 1900—1900: Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified 1900—1900: Escalator shown at Paris exhibition 1900—1900: The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin 1900—1900: Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator 9 Feb 1900—9 Feb 1900: Davis Cup tennis competition established 27 Feb 1900—27 Feb 1900: Labour Party formed
95	1901	1901—1901: Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner 1901—1901: Commonwealth of Australia founded 1901—1901: King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor 1901—1901: The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission 1901—1901: Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner 22 Jan 1901—22 Jan 1901: Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king 2 Feb 1901—2 Feb 1901: Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park Jun 1901—Jun 1901: Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War 14 Sep 1901—4 Mar 1909: Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt U.S. Presidenc 2 Oct 1901—2 Oct 1901: Britain's first submarine launched 12 Dec 1901—12 Dec 1901: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland 9 1901—4 Mar 1909: Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, vice president under William McKinley, sworn in as president upon death of McKinley 1 1901—6 May 1910: Edward VII House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Eldest son of Victoria, married Alexandra, Princess of Denmark 3 1901—31 Mar 1901: Census of Canada counts 5,371,315 individuals
96	1902	1902—1902: Marie Curie discovers radioactivity 1902—1902: Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued 1902—1902: Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education 1902—1902: Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner 1902—1902: French physicist George Claude invents neon light 1902—1902: The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie 1902—1902: The birth of the Teddy Bear 24 May 1902—24 May 1902: Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated 31 May 1902—31 May 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War 9 Aug 1902—9 Aug 1902: Coronation of Edward VII
97	1903	1903—1903: Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst 1903—1903: Henry Ford sets up his motor company 1903—1903: Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain 1903—1903: Canada loses the Alaska Boundary Dispute to the USA 1903—1903: Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons 1903—1903: Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens 1903—1903: The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane 1903—1903: Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers 1903—1903: William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs 14 Dec 1903—14 Dec 1903: First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright 4 1903—29 Apr 1903: Frank Slide, Alberta Turtle Mountain landslide, caused by mining, buries town and population of Frank in Alberta
98	1904	1904—1904: Leeds University established 1904—1904: Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan 1904—1904: Benjamin Holt invents a tractor 1904—1904: John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve 8 Apr 1904—8 Apr 1904: France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale 4 May 1904—4 May 1904: America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)
99	1905	1905—1905: Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship 1905—1905: Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration 1905—1905: The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York 1905—1905: Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2 1905—1905: Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers 9 Jan 1905—1 Sep 1905: Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada Alberta and Saskatchewan become Canada's eighth and ninth provinces 11 Apr 1905—11 Apr 1905: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
100	1906	1906—1906: Introduction of free school meals for poor children 1906—1906: Amundsen traverses the North-West Passage 1906—1906: William Kellogg invents Cornflakes 1906—1906: Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device 1906—1906: Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode) 10 Feb 1906—10 Feb 1906: Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship 15 Mar 1906—15 Mar 1906: Rolls-Royce Ltd registered 26 May 1906—26 May 1906: Vauxhall Bridge opened in London 20 Sep 1906—20 Sep 1906: Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne 6 1906—24 Jun 1906: Census of Northwest Provinces Census of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Quinquennial censuses instituted
101	1907	1907—1907: Lumiere develops a process for colour photography 1907—1907: First airship flies over London 1907—1907: New Zealand becomes a Dominion 1907—1907: Imperial College, London, is established 1907—1907: Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite 1907—1907: Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere 1907—1907: The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu Jul 1907—Jul 1907: Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its shape after being heated 1 Aug 1907—1 Aug 1907: Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island 9 Nov 1907—9 Nov 1907: The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday 11 1907—16 Nov 1907: Oklahoma 46th State. The area that had been Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were united to become one state.
102	1908	1908—1908: Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement 1908—1908: Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain 1908—1908: Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day 1908—1908: Border Ports established Ports of entry established for customs and immigration 1908—1908: The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry 1908—1908: Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger 1908—1908: Model T first sold 1908—1908: J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter 1908—1908: Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates 1 Jul 1908—1 Jul 1908: SOS became effective as an international signal of distress 12 Aug 1908—12 Aug 1908: First 'Model T' Ford made
103	1909	1909—1909: First commercial manufacture of Bakelite - start of the plastic age 1909—1909: Peary reaches the north pole 1909—1909: Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges 1909—1909: Instant coffee invented by G. Washington 1 Jan 1909—1 Jan 1909: Old Age Pensions Act came into force 16 Jan 1909—16 Jan 1909: Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole 7 Feb 1909—2 Jul 1909: 16th Amendment passed by Congress 4 Mar 1909—4 Mar 1913: William Howard Taft William Howard Taft U.S. Presidency 15 Mar 1909—15 Mar 1909: Selfridges department store opens in London 3 Apr 1909—4 Mar 1913: William Taft 25 Jul 1909—25 Jul 1909: Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)
104	1910	1910—1910: Halley's comet reappears 1910—1910: Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe 1910—1910: Madame Curie isolates radium 1910—1910: Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville 1910—1910: Constitutional crisis in Britain 1910—1910: Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain 1910—1910: Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture 1910—1910: Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris 6 May 1910—6 May 1910: Edward VII dies - George V becomes King 5 Jun 1910—20 Jan 1936: George V House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of Edward VII, married Princess Mary of Teck. Accession, Jan 20, abdication, Dec 10.
105	1911	1911—1911: Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912) 1911—1911: Rutherford: theory of atomic structures 1911—1911: First British Official Secrets Act 1911—1911: British MPs receive a salary 1911—1911: Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords 1911—1911: Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system 6 Jan 1911—1 Jun 1911: Census of Canada Census of 9 Provinces and 2 Territories counts 7,206,643 individuals 2 Apr 1911—2 Apr 1911: Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million 22 Jun 1911—22 Jun 1911: Coronation of George V 14 Dec 1911—14 Dec 1911: National Insurance introduced in Britain
106	1912	1912—1912: Britain nationalises the telephone system 1912—1912: Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' - hoax, exposed in 1953 1912—1912: Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain 1912—1912: Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras 1912—1912: The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole 1912—1912: Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912 18 Jan 1912—18 Jan 1912: Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team reach the south pole on Jan 18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November 14 Apr 1912—14 Apr 1912: The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives 13 May 1912—13 May 1912: Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain 1 Jun 1912—6 Jan 1912: New Mexico 47th State 5 1912—13 May 1912: 17th Amendment passed by Congress 2 1912—14 Feb 1912: Arizona 48th State 8 1912—2 Jan 1959: Alaska Territory Organized 6 1912—30 Jun 1912: Saskatchewan tornado The worst tornado in Canadian history claims 28 lives in Regina
107	1913	1913—1913: Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity 1913—1913: Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield 1913—1913: Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political purposes 1913—1913: Suffragette demonstrations in London - Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned 1913—1913: Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords - threat of civil war in Ireland - formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule 1913—1913: The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne 1913—1913: The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as, ecstasy 1913—1913: Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra 1913—1913: Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper 2 Mar 1913—3 Feb 1913: 16th Amendment ratified 4 Mar 1913—4 Mar 1921: Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1913—3 Mar 1921: Woodrow Wilson 4 Jun 1913—4 Jun 1913: Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby and dies 4 Aug 1913—8 Apr 1913: 17th Amendment ratified
108	1914	1914—1914: Chaplin and De Mille make their first films 1914—1914: Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster to be decided after the War 1914—1918: World War One Canadian forces fight in Europe during World War 1 1914—1914: Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask 6 Jan 1914—11 Nov 1918: World War I Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917. 28 Jun 1914—28 Jun 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo 4 Aug 1914—4 Aug 1914: Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason 5 Aug 1914—5 Aug 1914: British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph links to the outside world 15 Aug 1914—15 Aug 1914: Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1) Oct 1914—Oct 1914: Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front 27 Nov 1914—27 Nov 1914: First policewoman goes on duty in Britain 16 Dec 1914—16 Dec 1914: German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough 6 1914—19 Jun 1914: Alberta coal mine disaster The worst coal mining disaster in Canadian history claims 189 lives in Hillcrest 5 1914—30 May 1914: Empress of Ireland sinks 1,014 lives are lost when ship sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence
109	1915	1915—1915: Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane 1915—1915: First automatic telephone exchange in Britain 1915—1915: A new constitution establishes a two-chamber parliament elected by universal suffrage 1915—1915: Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City 19 Jan 1915—19 Jan 1915: First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia - four killed Feb 1915—Feb 1915: Submarine blockade of Britain starts Apr 1915—Apr 1915: Second Battle of Ypres - poison gas used for first time 25 Apr 1915—25 Apr 1915: Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916) 7 May 1915—7 May 1915: RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland - 1,198 died 16 May 1915—16 May 1915: First meeting of a British WI (Women's Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll (aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey
110	1916	1916—1916: Compulsory military service introduced in Britain 1916—1916: Women get vote in Manitoba Manitoba is the first province to give women the right to vote 1916—1916: Radios tuners invented, that received different stations 1916—1916: Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly Feb 1916—Feb 1916: Battle of Verdun - appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues 24 Apr 1916—24 Apr 1916: Easter Rising in Ireland - after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence 21 May 1916—21 May 1916: First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK 31 May 1916—31 May 1916: Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between the British and German fleets 5 Jun 1916—5 Jun 1916: Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener 3 Aug 1916—3 Aug 1916: Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason 15 Sep 1916—15 Sep 1916: First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties) 7 Dec 1916—7 Dec 1916: Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government 6 1916—29 Jun 1916: Ontario forest fire A forest fire in northern Ontario claims 233 lives
111	1917	1917—1917: Ministry of Labour is established in Britain 1917—1917: Battle of Cambrai - first use of massed tanks, but effect more psychological than actual 1917—1917: Income Tax introduced 1917—1917: Gideon Sundback patented the modern zipper (not the first zipper) Feb 1917—Feb 1917: February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates 6 Apr 1917—11 Nov 1918: World War I World War I 16 Apr 1917—16 Apr 1917: Lenin returns to Russia after exile 17 Apr 1917—17 Apr 1917: USA declares war on Germany 26 May 1917—26 May 1917: George V changes surname from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor (Royal proclamation on 17 July) 12 Jun 1917—6 Dec 1917: The Halifax Explosion Canada's worst single disaster, claims 1600 lives, injures 9000 and leaves 6000 homeless in Halifax, Nova Scotia Jul 1917—Jul 1917: Battle of Passchendaele - little gained by either side (Jul-Nov) 4 Sep 1917—12 Apr 1917: WW1 - Vimy Ridge Canadian Corps take Vimy Ridge in France but 3,600 die and another 5,000 wounded 7 Nov 1917—7 Nov 1917: 'October' Revolution in Russia - Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government; Lenin becomes Chief Commissar 6 Dec 1917—6 Dec 1917: Halifax (Nova Scotia) Explosion, one of the world's largest artificial non-nuclear explosions to date: a ship loaded with wartime explosives blew up after a collision, obliterating buildings and structures within two square kilometres of the explosion 9 Dec 1917—9 Dec 1917: British forces capture Jerusalem 12 1917—17 Dec 1917: 18th Amendment passed by Congress
112	1918	1918—1918: War of Independence in Ireland 1918—1918: Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons) 1918—1918: The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong 1918—1918: Charles Jung invented fortune cookies 18 Jan 1918—18 Jan 1918: Bentley Motors founded 8 Mar 1918—8 Mar 1918: Start of world-wide 'flu pandemic Jul 1918—Jul 1918: Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive in WW1 (Jul-Aug) 1 Oct 1918—1 Oct 1918: Arab forces under Lawrence of Arabia capture Damascus 11 Nov 1918—11 Nov 1918: Armistice signed Dec 1918—Dec 1918: First woman elected to House of Commons, Countess Markiewicz as a Sinn Fein member refused to take her seat
113	1919	1919—1919: Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom 1919—1919: Britain adopts a 48-hour working week 1919—1919: Soldier Settlement Act Land grants awarded to 25,000 veteran soldiers 1919—1919: The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite 1919—1919: Short-wave radio invented 1919—1919: The flip-flop circuit invented 1919—1919: The arc welder invented 6 Apr 1919—4 Jun 1919: 19th Amendment passed by Congress 15 Jun 1919—15 Jun 1919: Alcock and Brown complete first nonstop flight across the Atlantic 28 Jun 1919—28 Jun 1919: Treaty of Versailles signed 1 1919—16 Jan 1919: 18th Amendment ratified
114	1920	1920—1920: Thompson patents his machine gun (Tommy gun) 1920—1920: Marconi opens a radio broadcasting station in Britain 1920—1920: Regular cross-channel air service starts 1920—1920: After a referendum, northern Schleswig is returned to Denmark 1920—1920: The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson 1920—1920: The Band-Aid (pronounced 'ban-'dade) invented by Earle Dickson Feb 1920—Feb 1920: First roadside petrol filling station in UK - opened by the Automobile Association at Aldermaston on the Bath Road 8 1920—18 Aug 1920: 19th Amendment ratified
115	1921	1921—1921: First birth control clinic 1921—1921: Insulin discovery announced 1921—1921: Railway Act in Britain amalgamates companies - only four remained 1921—1921: Newfoundland census Census taken in Newfoundland 1921—1921: Artificial life begins -- the first robot built 1921—1921: John Larson invented the lie detector 6 Jan 1921—1 Jun 1921: Census of Canada counts 8,787,949 individuals 4 Mar 1921—2 Aug 1923: Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding U.S. Presidency 3 Apr 1921—2 Aug 1921: Warren Harding Warren Harding dies of an embolism in San Francisco. He had taken ill on 31 Jul 1921 19 Jun 1921—19 Jun 1921: Census: Population - England and Wales: 37.9 Million; Scotland: 4.9 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million 6 Dec 1921—6 Dec 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London, leading to the formation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland 11 1921—21 Nov 1921: Canada's Coat of Arms proclaimed by George V
116	1922	1922—1922: Law of Property Act - the manorial system effectively ended 1922—1922: Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting 1922—1922: The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released 1 Jun 1922—1 Jun 1922: Royal Ulster Constabulary founded Oct 1922—Oct 1922: BBC established as a monopoly, and begins transmissions in November (2LO in London on 14 Nov; 5IT in Birmingham and 2ZY in Manchester on 15 Nov)
117	1923	1923—1923: First American broadcasts heard in Britain 1923—1923: Hubble shows there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way 1923—1923: Roads in Great Britain classified with A and B numbers 1923—1923: Garrett A. Morgan invents a traffic signal 1923—1923: The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin 1923—1923: John Harwood invented the self-winding watch 1923—1923: Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food 1 Jan 1923—1 Jan 1923: The majority of the railway companies in Great Britain grouped into four main companies, the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR - lasted until nationalisation in 1948 16 Feb 1923—16 Feb 1923: Howard Carter unsealed the burial chamber of Tutankhamun 8 Mar 1923—4 Mar 1929: Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge, vice president under Warren Harding, sworn in as president the day after Harding dies 28 Apr 1923—28 Apr 1923: First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) - 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles ' popular song of the time became the West Ham anthem 2 Aug 1923—4 Mar 1929: Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge U.S. Presidency 28 Sep 1923—28 Sep 1923: First publication of Radio Times
118	1924	1924—1924: The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg 1924—1924: Notebooks with spiral bindings invented 4 Jan 1924—4 Jan 1924: First Labour government in Britain, headed by Ramsay MacDonald 5 Feb 1924—5 Feb 1924: Hourly Greenwich Time Signals from the Royal Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast by the BBC 31 Mar 1924—31 Mar 1924: British Imperial Airways begins operations (formed by merger of four British airline companies - became BOAC in 1940)
119	1925	1925—1925: Britain returns to gold standard 1925—1925: The mechanical television a precursor to the modern television, invented by John Logie Baird 18 Jul 1925—18 Jul 1925: Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf
120	1926	1926—1926: Walt Disney arrives in Hollywood 1926—1926: Kodak produces 16mm movie film 1926—1926: Adoption of children is legalised in Britain 1926—1926: First public demonstration of television (TV) by John Logie Baird 1926—1926: Robert H. Goddard invents liquid-fueled rockets 21 Apr 1926—21 Apr 1926: Princess Elizabeth born 3 May 1926—3 May 1926: General Strike begins. Lasts until May 12 (mine workers for 6 months more) 31 Oct 1926—31 Oct 1926: Death of Harry Houdini
121	1927	1927—1927: Release of the first 'talkie' film (The Jazz Singer) 1927—1927: Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy 1927—1927: JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch 1927—1927: Philo Taylor Farnsworth invents a complete electronic TV system 1927—1927: Technicolor invented 1927—1927: Erik Rotheim patents an aerosol can 1927—1927: Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock 1927—1927: Philip Drinker invents the iron lung 7 Jan 1927—7 Jan 1927: First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London 22 Jan 1927—22 Jan 1927: First football broadcast by BBC (Arsenal v Sheffield United at Highbury) 1 May 1927—1 May 1927: First cooked meals on a scheduled flight introduced by Imperial Airways from London to Paris 20 May 1927—20 May 1927: Lindbergh makes solo flight across the Atlantic, in 33? hours 31 May 1927—31 May 1927: Last Ford Model T rolls off assembly line 24 Jul 1927—24 Jul 1927: The Menin Gate war memorial unveiled at Ypres

My Footsteps

through our family History

Jonathan L. Byrd