British Imperial Airways begins operations (formed by merger of four British airline companies - became BOAC in 1940)
Hourly Greenwich Time Signals from the Royal Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast by the BBC
First Labour government in Britain, headed by Ramsay MacDonald
The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg
Notebooks with spiral bindings invented
First publication of Radio Times
Calvin Coolidge
First Wembley cup final (West Ham 0, Bolton 2) - 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles ' popular song of the time became the West Ham anthem
Calvin Coolidge
Howard Carter unsealed the burial chamber of Tutankhamun
First American broadcasts heard in Britain
Hubble shows there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way
Roads in Great Britain classified with A and B numbers
Garrett A. Morgan invents a traffic signal
The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin
John Harwood invented the self-winding watch
Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food
The majority of the railway companies in Great Britain grouped into four main companies, the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR - lasted until nationalisation in 1948
BBC established as a monopoly, and begins transmissions in November (2LO in London on 14 Nov; 5IT in Birmingham and 2ZY in Manchester on 15 Nov)
Canada's Coat of Arms proclaimed by George V PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Royal Ulster Constabulary founded
Law of Property Act - the manorial system effectively ended
Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting
The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released
Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London, leading to the formation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland
Census: Population - England and Wales: 37.9 Million; Scotland: 4.9 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million
19th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Warren Harding
Warren G. Harding
Census of Canada
First birth control clinic
Insulin discovery announced
Railway Act in Britain amalgamates companies - only four remained
Newfoundland census
Artificial life begins -- the first robot built
John Larson invented the lie detector
18th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
First roadside petrol filling station in UK - opened by the Automobile Association at Aldermaston on the Bath Road
Thompson patents his machine gun (Tommy gun)
Marconi opens a radio broadcasting station in Britain
Regular cross-channel air service starts
After a referendum, northern Schleswig is returned to Denmark
The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson
The Band-Aid (pronounced 'ban-'dade) invented by Earle Dickson
Treaty of Versailles signed
Alcock and Brown complete first nonstop flight across the Atlantic
19th Amendment passed by Congress
Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom
Britain adopts a 48-hour working week
Soldier Settlement Act
The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite
Short-wave radio invented
The flip-flop circuit invented
The arc welder invented
First woman elected to House of Commons, Countess Markiewicz as a Sinn Fein member refused to take her seat
Armistice signed
Arab forces under Lawrence of Arabia capture Damascus
Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive in WW1 (Jul-Aug)
18th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Ontario forest fire PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Start of world-wide 'flu pandemic
Bentley Motors founded
War of Independence in Ireland
Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons)
The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong
Charles Jung invented fortune cookies
British forces capture Jerusalem
Halifax (Nova Scotia) Explosion, one of the world's largest artificial non-nuclear explosions to date: a ship loaded with wartime explosives blew up after a collision, obliterating buildings and structures within two square kilometres of the explosion
'October' Revolution in Russia - Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government; Lenin becomes Chief Commissar
WW1 - Vimy Ridge PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Passchendaele - little gained by either side (Jul-Nov)
The Halifax Explosion
George V changes surname from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor (Royal proclamation on 17 July)
USA declares war on Germany
Lenin returns to Russia after exile
World War I
February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates
Ministry of Labour is established in Britain
Battle of Cambrai - first use of massed tanks, but effect more psychological than actual
Income Tax introduced
Gideon Sundback patented the modern zipper (not the first zipper)
Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government
First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties)
Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason
Empress of Ireland sinks PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener
Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between the British and German fleets
First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK
Easter Rising in Ireland - after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence
Battle of Verdun - appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues
Compulsory military service introduced in Britain
Women get vote in Manitoba
Radios tuners invented, that received different stations
Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly
Alberta coal mine disaster PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
First meeting of a British WI (Women's Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll (aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey
RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland - 1,198 died
Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916)
Second Battle of Ypres - poison gas used for first time
Submarine blockade of Britain starts
First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia - four killed
Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane
First automatic telephone exchange in Britain
A new constitution establishes a two-chamber parliament elected by universal suffrage
Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City
German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough
First policewoman goes on duty in Britain
Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front
Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1)
British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph links to the outside world
Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason
Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
Saskatchewan tornado PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
World War I
Chaplin and De Mille make their first films
Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster to be decided after the War
World War One
Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask
Alaska Territory Organized
17th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby and dies
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
16th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Arizona PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
17th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity
Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield
Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political purposes
Suffragette demonstrations in London - Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned
Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords - threat of civil war in Ireland - formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule
The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne
The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as, ecstasy
Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra
Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper
New Mexico PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain
The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives
Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team reach the south pole on Jan 18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November
Britain nationalises the telephone system
Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' - hoax, exposed in 1953
Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain
Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras
The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole
Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912
National Insurance introduced in Britain
Coronation of George V
Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million
Census of Canada
Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912)
Rutherford: theory of atomic structures
First British Official Secrets Act
British MPs receive a salary
Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords
Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system
George V
Edward VII dies - George V becomes King
Halley's comet reappears
Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe
Madame Curie isolates radium
Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville
Constitutional crisis in Britain
Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain
Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture
Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris
Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)
William Taft
Selfridges department store opens in London
William Howard Taft
16th Amendment passed by Congress
Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole
First commercial manufacture of Bakelite - start of the plastic age
Peary reaches the north pole
Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges
Instant coffee invented by G. Washington
Old Age Pensions Act came into force
First 'Model T' Ford made
SOS became effective as an international signal of distress
Oklahoma PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement
Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain
Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day
Border Ports established
The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry
Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger
Model T first sold
J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter
Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates
Census of Northwest Provinces PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday
Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island
Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its shape after being heated
Lumiere develops a process for colour photography
First airship flies over London
New Zealand becomes a Dominion
Imperial College, London, is established
Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite
Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere
The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu
Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne
Vauxhall Bridge opened in London
Rolls-Royce Ltd registered
Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship
Introduction of free school meals for poor children
Amundsen traverses the North-West Passage
William Kellogg invents Cornflakes
Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device
Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode)
Frank Slide, Alberta PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada
Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship
Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration
The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York
Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2
Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers
America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)
France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale
Leeds University established
Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan
Benjamin Holt invents a tractor
John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve
First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright
Census of Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst
Henry Ford sets up his motor company
Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain
Canada loses the Alaska Boundary Dispute to the USA
Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons
Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens
The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane
Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers
William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs
Edward VII
Coronation of Edward VII
Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War
Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated
Theodore Roosevelt
Marie Curie discovers radioactivity
Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued
Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education
Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner
French physicist George Claude invents neon light
The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie
The birth of the Teddy Bear
First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland
Britain's first submarine launched
Theodore Roosevelt
Boer War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War
Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park
Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king
Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner
Commonwealth of Australia founded
King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor
The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission
Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner
Labour Party formed
Davis Cup tennis competition established
School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years
Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified
Escalator shown at Paris exhibition
The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin
Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator
Boxer Rebellion
Start of Second Boer War
Spanish-American War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Philippine-American War
Aspirin first marketed by Bayer
The Yukon joins Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner
I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame
Territory of Hawaii was Oraganized
The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
Spanish-American War
USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded
Zeppelin builds airship
First photograph using artificial light
Klondike gold rush
Yukon gold rush
Rudolf Diesel receives patent #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine" the Diesel engine
Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster
William McKinley
William McKinley
Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector
Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
First modern Olympic Games held in Athens
Utah PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Gold discovered in Yukon
American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel
X-rays discovered
First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey
First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain
Oscar Wilde sent to prison
Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted
The National Trust founded in England
Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London
Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one
Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe
Death duties first introduced in Britain
Tower Bridge first opens
Blackpool Tower opens
Picture postcard introduced in Britain
Manchester Ship Canal opens
Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland
Zip fastener invented
Henry Ford's first car
American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper
Edward Goodrich Acheson invents carborundum
Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
Electric oven invented
Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's
Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask
Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine
Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
Census of Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893)
First telephone link between London & Paris
Primary education made free and compulsory
First Children's Aid Society is established in Toronto
Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator
City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
Wyoming PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Idaho
Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build
Indian Territory Organized
Oklahoma Territory Organized
Washington
Length of a metre defined
Montana
Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast
Children's charity NSPCC launched in London
Benjamin Harrison
Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)
Benjamin Harrison
South Dakota
North Dakota
Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies
Celluloid film produced
Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act
Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder
Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook
Football League formed
First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film
Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre
County Councils set up in Britain
Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year
Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace
Voting rights extended
John Boyd Dunlop patents a commercially successful pneumatic tire
Nikola Tesla invents the AC motor and transformer
Marvin Stone patents the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws
Coal mine explosion in Nanaimo, BC
Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
German, Heinrich Hertz invents radar
Rowell Hodge patents barbed wire
Emile Berliner invents the gramophone
F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invent the first wearable contact lenses
Putney Bridge opens in London
Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola'
Louis Riel hanged PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales
Gottlieb Daimler builds the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle
John Pemberton invents Coca Cola
Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher
First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel
Canadian Pacific Railway Completed
Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland
First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking
Canadian Pacific Railway completed
Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle
Eastman makes first coated photographic paper
Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car
Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine
Harim Maxim invents the machine gun
Gottlieb Daimler invents the first gas-engined motorcycle
Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes
Second Acadian Convention at Miscouche
Voting rights extended
James Ritty invents the first working, mechanical cash register
Charles Parson patents the steam turbine
Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen
George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film
Frenchmen, H. de Chardonnet invents rayon
Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
Parcel post starts in Britain
Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)
Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France
Chester A. Arthur
Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
Home children arrive
Northwest Territories divided
Gunfight at OK Corral
Chester A. Arthur
Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)
Census of Canada
James Garfield
James A. Garfield
Postal Orders introduced
Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
First Acadian Convention at Memramcook
David Houston patents the roll film for cameras
Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector
Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano
Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria
Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds
Chinese build railroad
Englishmen, John Milne invents the modern seismograph
The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper
Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
CID established at New Scotland Yard
Edison & Swan invent electric lamp
Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph
Sir Joseph Wilson Swan was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb
Rutherford Hayes
Rutherford B. Hayes
Edison invents microphone and phonograph
Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph
Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures
Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
Colorado
Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine
Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper
The Great Nova Scotia Cyclone PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
London's main sewage system completed
Supreme Court of Canada established
Western Indian treaties signed
Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
Nova Scotia coal mine explosion PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
Voting rights extended
American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher
Prince Edward Island joins Canada
North-West Mounted Police created
Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire
American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
British Columbia joins Canada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)
Licensing hours introduced
Chinese and First Nations banned from voting in BC
Dominion Land Act
A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog
J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill
Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London
First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
Manitoba created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Northwest Territories created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Dominion of Canada Census
15th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
First British postcard - halfpenny post
Rupert's Land joins Canada
15th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Wyoming Territory Organized
Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
Water closets come into wide use
Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)
First census of British Columbia
Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
14th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Ulysses Grant
Ulysses S. Grant
Ontario begins BMD registration
Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented
Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
Vote given to male British subjects
J P Knight invents traffic lights
George Westinghouse invents air brakes
Robert Mushet invents tungsten steel
13th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
10-year census taking becomes a legal requirement
Confederation
14th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Nebraska
Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter
Nevada PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Andrew Johnson
Montana Territory Organized
Fenian Raids
Ontario Gold Rush
Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo
J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener
Alfred Nobel invents dynamite
William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
13th Amendment ratified
Andrew Johnson
Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA
First concrete roads built in Britain
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
Arizona Territory Organized
Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention
West Virginia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time
A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship
Kansas PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Colorado Territory Organized
Idaho Territory Organized
First section of the London Underground Railway opens
Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
Football Association founded (UK)
Denmark goes to war against Prussia and Austria. In the Treaty of Prague (1866), Denmark cedes Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia (Ge
First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
Civil War
Canadian census PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic
Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun
American Civil War begins
American Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
South Dakota Territory Organized
Nevada Territory Organized
North Dakota Territory Organized
Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator
Pierre Michaux invents a bicycle
Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock
First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
Oregon PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The Maple Leaf
Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall
Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
Minnesota PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work
Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine
Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine
James Buchanan
James Buchanan
Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
Ottawa is declared the capital of Canada by Queen Victoria
George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel
Nebraska Territory Organized
Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
End of Crimean War
Louis Pasteur invents pasteurisation
Civil registration begins.
Ice Hockey
Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor
Georges Audemars invents rayon
Ottawa named
Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
Cigarettes introduced into Britain
John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce
Washington Territory Organized
Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
George Cayley invents a manned glider
First "thorough" Canadian census PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
Wells Fargo established in USA
Jean Bernard Léon Foucault invents a gyroscope
Henri Giffard builds an airship powered by the first aircraft engine - unsuccessful design
Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
Gold discovered in Australia
First Canadian postage stamp
Toronto-Buffalo rail line constructed
Isaac Singer invents a sewing machine
Millard Fillmore
New Mexico Territory Organized
California
Utah Territory Organized
Millard Fillmore
Wisconsin PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Joel Houghton was granted the first dishwasher patent
County government
Annexation Manifesto PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor
Minnesota Territory Organized
Oregon Territory Organized
Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally occurred in 1971!
Canada's 49th parallel border is extended to the Pacific Ocean
Official bilingualism
Walter Hunt invents the safety pin
Waterloo railway station in London opens
Iowa PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Mexican-American War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush
First commercial production of chewing gum
1842's followup census completed
Waldo Hanchett patents the dental chair
Kansas Territory Organized
Texas PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
Longfellow writes the poem Evangeline
Typhus epidemic
Influenza epidemic
Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics
An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
Canada-U.S. Boundary Completed
Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction
James Polk
The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
James K. Polk
Florida
Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
USA doubles cost of passage to American ports
American, Elias Howe invents a sewing machine
Robert William Thomson patents the first vulcanised rubber pneumatic tire
YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
Englishmen, John Mercer invents mercerized cotton
Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
First Christmas card in England
Alexander Bain of Scotland, invents the facsimile
Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
First major census taken
Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator
Act of Union PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
John Tyler
John Tyler
William H. Harrison
William Henry Harrison
Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
Thomas Cook starts package tours
The first census of genealogical value is taken.
Samuel Slocum patents the stapler
Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere)
Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain
Englishmen, John Herschel invents the blueprint
Michigan PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern Sense
First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong
Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce co-invent Daguerreotype photography
Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents a bicycle
American, Charles Goodyear invents rubber vulcanization
Welshmen, Sir William Robert Grove conceives of the first hydrogen fuel cell
American, Thaddeus Fairbanks invents platform scales
Durham Report
Iowa Territory Organized
Rebellion of Hastings County, Ontario
Victoria
Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
Samual Morse invents Morse Code
Wisconsin Territory Organized
Euston Railway station opens - first in London
Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
Mackenzie Rebellion
Martin van Buren
Arkansas PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Martin Van Buren
Upper Canada Rebellion
Lower Canada Rebellion
P&O Founded
Pitman introduces his shorthand system
Samuel Morse invents the telegraph
English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp
Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
Mexican-American War
The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett
Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver'
Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge
First Potato famine in Ireland
Samuel Colt invented the first revolver
First formal police force PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Texas War of Independence
First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway
Christmas becomes a national holiday
Second Seminole War
Englishmen, Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller
Englishmen, Henry F. Talbot invents Calotype photography
Solymon Merrick patents the wrench
Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator
Slavery abolished in British possessions
'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities
Cholera epidemic - Canada West
Babbage invents forerunner of the computer
Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine)
Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent
Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
Cholera epidemic - Canada West PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Abolition of slavery
Britain invades the Falkland Islands
Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act
Black Hawk War
William IV
Immigrants quarantined at Grosse Isle
Electric telegraph invented by Morse
Electoral Registers introduced
Texas Revolutionary War
Englishmen, Louis Braille invents the stereoscope
'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole
Lower Canada (Quebec) census
A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled
Marriage Act amended
American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper
Michael Faraday invents an electric dynamo
George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!
Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne
Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium
Frenchmen, B. Thimonnier invents a sewing machine
George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)
First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson
Guelph, Ontario, tornado
Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind
London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel
Roman Catholics are permitted by law to buy and inherit property and keep records.
Welland Canal opens
William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter
Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing
American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter
St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
Military rolls taken in Canada West (Ontario)
Naturalization commences
Ohm's Law published
Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone
John Walker invents the modern matches
Lower Canada (Quebec} census PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Red River flooding
Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
The Miramichi Fire
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams
William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet
Florida Territory Organized
National Gallery in London opens to the public
Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854)
Portland cement patented
RSPCA established
Canada (Land) Company formed
First annual numerical census of Upper Canada
Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon
Englishmen, Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material
US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh
Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session
Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland
Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
George IV
Missouri PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
Maine PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Constable paints 'The Hay Wain'
Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation'
Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ? George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
Regent's Canal in London opens
Alabama PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition
Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet
Cape Breton Island re-annexed to Nova Scotia
Militia land grants
Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days mostly under sail)
Arkansas Territory Organized
Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles
Britain returns to gold standard
Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular
René Laënnec invents the stethoscope
Samuel Fahnestock patents a "soda fountain"
'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
Illinois
Manchester cotton spinners' strike
First Seminole War
The 49th parallel becomes border
Mississippi
James Monroe
James Monroe
Alabama Territory Organized
Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended
Indian Wars
Census of Nova Scotia
Indiana
Battle of Lacolle Mills PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Lundy's Lane PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
Large scale emigration to North America
Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years
Income tax abolished
For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage
Treaty of Ghent PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Cook's Mills (Lyons Creek) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
Burning of St. Davids PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle for Prarie du Chien PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Siege at Fort Erie PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battles of Niagara frontier PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Fort York (Toronto) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Second Barbary War
Battle of Chateauguay PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Capture of Fort George PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
British incentive to emigrate to Upper Canada
Trial by Jury established in Scotland
Davy develops the safety lamp for miners
Humphry Davy invents the miner's lamp
Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
Battle of Beaver Dam PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)
Battle of Ogdensburg, NY PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The British burn the White House
Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch
Louisiana PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Earl of Selkirk establishes Red River Colony (Winnipeg) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle at Chippawa
Battle of Frenchman's Creek PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
U.S. raids into Western Upper Canada
Capture of Fort Erie
At the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark is compelled to cede Norway to Sweden
George Stephenson designs the first steam locomotive
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph
German, Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectrocope for the chemical analysis of glowing objects
The first plastic surgery is performed in England
Invasion of France by Allies
Battle of Crysler's Farm
Burning of Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake)
Battle of Lake Erie (Put-in-Bay) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Raid on Gananoque PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle for Lake Erie
Battle of Lacolle Mills PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Forty Mile Creek PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Skirmish of Butler's Farm (Two Mile Creek) PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
War of 1812
Battle of Stoney Creek
Battle of the Thames
Surrender of Fort Detroit PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Fort Stephenson
U.S forces reoccupy Queenston and Chippawa (Niagara)
Battle of Queenston Heights PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast
Creek War
Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada
War of 1812
Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged
Battle of Brownstown
Missouri Territory Organized
War of 1812
A printed format for parish registers begins
Battle of Tippecanoe
Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
David Thomson charts Columbia River
John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of road metalling
German, Frederick Koenig invents an improved printing press
Peter Durand invents the tin can
Royal Opera House opens in London
James Madison
James Madison
Illinois Territory Organized
Birth of Charles Darwin
British abolish slave trade PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Humphry Davy invents the first electric light - the first arc lamp
Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London
Gas lighting in London streets
Simon Fraser to Vancouver
Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery
Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners)
Le Canadien newspaper founded
Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians
Michigan Territory Organized
Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar
12th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Louisiana Territory Organized
London docks opened
Spain declares war on Britain
Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French
Ohio PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal Horticultural Society
Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of A ?2 c
Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia'
Richard Trevithick, an English mining engineer, developed the first steam-powered locomotive
Freidrich Winzer (Winsor) was the first person to patent gas lighting
First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to Croydon, horse-drawn)
Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States
12th Amendment passed by Congress
Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham
Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted
Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus
Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondenc
First passenger Train
Thomas Jefferson
First Barbary War
First Census
Thomas Jefferson
Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
Grand Union Canal opens in England
Tripolitan War
Barbary Wars
Union Jack becomes the official British flag
Indiana Territory Organized
Parliamentary Union
Volta makes first electrical battery
Herschel discovers infra-red light
High pressure steam
Royal College of Surgeons founded
First Electric Light
Count Alessandro Volta invents the battery
Frenchmen, J.M. Jacquard invents the Jacquard Loom
?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure
Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York
Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
9th January - Pitt brings in 10% income tax
Alessandro Volta invents the battery
Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making
Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
Mississippi Territory Organized
The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)
Franco-American War
First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner
Franco-American Naval War
Feb-Oct The Irish Rebellion, -
Marriage Act
Prince Edward Island created
Aloys Senefelder invents lithography
The first soft drink invented
John Adams
John Adams
First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later
England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments
Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore
Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications
The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press
England in Crisis
A British inventor, Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe
Wittemore patents a carding machine
Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
Tennessee
Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents
Holden's Triennial Directory published
Town of York (Toronto) becomes capital of Upper Canada
Edward Jenner creates a smallpox vaccination
11th Amendment ratified PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
The Famine Year
Foundation of the Orange Order
Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleo
Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.
Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
The Famine Year
Francois Appert invents the preserving jar for food
The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was theref
11th Amendment passed by Congress PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Abolition of Parish Register duties
Abolition of Parish Register duties
Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin
Welshmen, Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings
Upper Canada's Abolition Act PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)
11th February - England declares war on France (1793-1802)
Alexander MacKenzie crosses Canada by land
District of Columbia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
Introduction of Money Orders in Britain
Rhode Island PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Rhode Island ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Tennessee Territory Organized
Kentucky
Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot
Boyle's Street Directory published
Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel
Repression in Britian (restrictions on freedom of the press)
George Vancouver exploration
William Murdoch invents gas lighting
The first ambulance
First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
Constitutional Act PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
George Washington
Vermont PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Bill of Rights adopted PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
27th Amendment originally proposed PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')
Sugar prices rise steeply
John Barber invents the gas turbine
Early bicycles invented in Scotland
North Carolina PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
North Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Maryland PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Maryland ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
New York PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Virginia ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Virginia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton
New York ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
South Carolina PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
South Carolina ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
MacKenzie River exploration
New Hampshire PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
New Hampshire ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
United States Constitution in effect PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
George Washington
Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
New Constitution sent to for ratification PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
14th June - The French Revolution begins - storming of the Bastille
UE (Unity of Empire) designation created for Loyalists
The guillotine is invented
Connecticut PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Connecticut ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
New Jersey PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
New Jersey ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Massachusetts PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Massachusetts ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Georgia PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Georgia ratified U.S. Constitution PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
Ohio Territory Organized
Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'
King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales
Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced)
First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships
First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
26th January, First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New Soputh Wales
The Scarce Year
The abolition of the "stavnsbaand" (compulsory residence by the peasant and farming classes.)
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania ratified U.S. Constitution
Delaware
Delaware ratified U.S. Constitution
MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
Earliest known Swedenborgian (Church of the New Jerusalem or Jerusalemite) registers
The first population census of genealogical value was taken
John Fitch invents a steamboat
Cape Breton Island created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
New Brunswick created PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Loyalist migration from New York PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
Northwest Indian War
Acadians sail from France to Louisiana
Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance
Blanchard invents a working parachute
Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom
Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching
John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)
First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
First golf club founded at St Andrews
Wesley breaks with the Church of England
Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics
Pitt's India Act -
Grand River Reserve created
Mass migration of Loyalists
Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine
Joseph Bramah invents the safety lock
Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
Treaty of Versailles
Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries!
Duty on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794)
Eastern Canada - U.S.A. border established
Englishmen, Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production
Louis Sebastien demonstrates the first parachute
Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier invent the hot-air balloon
Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock
James Watt patents his steam engine
Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns
Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief -
Massive Loyalist migration from U.S. begins
First UEL settlers in Niagara
Treaty signed with Micmac to protect British settlers PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
Fountain pen invented
The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
Male Servants Tax
4th May First Derby run at Epsom
Benjamin Franklin invents bi-focal eyeglasses
Gervinus invents the circular saw
Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii
First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson
Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent
Crompton's mule invented (Textile production)
Industrial Revolution begins to affect Scotland.
Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule
Captain James Cook explores West Coast
Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair ma
American Revolution (War of Independence)
American Declaration of Independence
American forces invade PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
First United Empire Loyalists arrive
Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine
Acadians fight in the Eddy Rebellion
American Declaration of Independence (July 4th)
North West Company formed
David Bushnell invents a submarine
Québec Act PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)
American Revolutionary War
Battle of Lexington
American Revolution
Alexander Cummings invents the flush toilet
Jacques Perrier invents a steamship
Cook arrives on Easter Island
Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph
Census of Acadians in France
East India Company governs Hindustan
Boston Tea Party (16 December)
Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
Morning Post' first published (until 1937)
First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company
Jundge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery (14th May)
Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
Samuel Hearne reaches the Arctic via land travel
Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain
Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications
Hargreave's jenny invented (textile production)
David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
Ile St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) separated
James Watt invents an improved steam engine
The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie
Philip Astley starts his circus in London
Richard Arkwright patents the spinning frame
Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
First Iron railroads built for mines by John Wilkinson
Census of Nova Scotia
Joseph Priestley invents carbonated water - soda water
Indian treaties transferring land to Britain
POST-DEPORTATION PERIOD
George III
King George III
Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr, Johnson
Neo-Classical Period (Art and Antiques)
Gothic Revival Period (Art and Antiques)
Chinoiserie Period (Art and Antiques)
Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury