James VI & I created the title of baronet
Authorised (King James) Version of Bible in Britain
Plantation of Ulster with English and Scottish colonists
James VI & I established the Episcopal Church in Scotland - Prebyterians persecuted and many of their records lost
James VI established the Episcopal Church in Scotland -
Henry Hudson explorations
First use of telescope by Galileo - he observed the moons of Jupiter two years later in Jan 1610
Québec founded
Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope
Jamestown, Virginia settled - to become the first permanent British colony in North America
Jamestown is established
Flight of the Earls - leading Ulster families go into exile
Adoption of Union Flag as the flag of Great Britain' (the term Union Jack is used officially only when the Union Flag is flown from the Jack Mast of a Royal Naval vessel)
Guy Fawkes and co-conspirators executed
The London Company chartered to colonise Virginia: the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery leave England on 19th De c taking 144 days to reach America
Episcopacy established in Scotland (against wishes of the Scots)
12th April Adoption of Union Jack as the flag of "Great Britain"
Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes, etc)
First Acadian settlement in Port-Royal
Gunpowder plot at Westminster (Guy Fawkes)
Settlement of New France
James I
Shakespeare: Othello' first presented
EXPLORATION PERIOD
First Acadian settlement on Saint-Croix Island
Settlement of New France
Coronation - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain
Death of Elizabeth I: union of Scottish and English crowns - under King James VI of Scots and I of England (d. 1625)
King James I
24th March - Death of Queen Elizabeth I
The crowns of England and Scotland unite.
Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public
Dutch East India Company founded
Great English Poor Law Act passed
First use of fruit juice as a preventative for scurvy by James Lancaster
Great English Poor Law passed
British East India Company founded
Memoirs of Officers of the Royal Navy begin
The calendar changes from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar.
Scotland adopts New Year beginning 1st January (previously 25th March)
Bishop's transcripts of English and Welsh parish registers start - parish records were to be kept in 'great decent books of parchment' and copies or 'Bishop's Transcripts' of new entries were to be sent each month to the diocesan centre
Bishops transcript of English and Welsh parish registers start [some say 1597]
Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor - Poor Rate collection allowed
Poor Law Act for erection of parish workhouses for the Poor -
Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, leads Irish rebellion against English rule (-1603)
British statute mile established by law
British statute mile established by law
Galileo invents a water thermometer
A Congregational (or Independent) Church formed in London
Scotland: Presbyterian Church formally established - all ministers equal - no bishops - secular commissaries appointed by the Crown
A congregational (or Independant) Church formed in London.
The Presbyterian Church is formally established.
Trinity College, Dublin, founded
Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope
Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine
Defeat of Spanish Armada off Gravelines
Spanish Armada sighted off the Lizard (had set sail from Lisbon in late May)
Invention of shorthand by Dr Timothy Bright
29th July Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)
Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
Introduction of potatoes to England
Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, by English at Fotheringay Castle near Peterborough
Foundation of Oxford University Press
Foundation of Oxford University Press
Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'
Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's, Newfoundland
University of Edinburgh founded
Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
Gregorian calendar introduced in some couontires:
Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world
English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
English Levant Company founded
Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais
Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
Colonisation of Ireland
Colonisation of Ireland
Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced
Earliest Quaker registers begin
James Burbage opens first theatre in London
Colonial State Papers published
Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666
Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England
Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports
Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection
Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I
Battle of Langside
Bottled beer invented in London
Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI
Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House
Murder of Riccio in Holyrood House
Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin
Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Darley
Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616
The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege
Papal recusants heavily fined for non-attendance at Church
Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies
African slave trade starts
Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost
Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland
Protestantism is established. Pope's authority is abolished. Celebrating mass becomes illegal.
Elizabeth I
Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England & Wales; established Church of England
Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of Carlisle
Tobacco introduced to Europe
John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
John Knox returns from Continent
Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England
Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris
French take Calais, last English possession in France
System of Counties adopted
Scottish parish registers start
Reign of Elizabeth I - Policy of Plantation begins
Scottish parish registers start
Queen Elizabeth I
The First Covenant signed in Scotland
Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
Michel Nostradamus publishes his prophecies
Mary I
Lady Jane Grey beheaded
Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate at least 30 miles from their wives
Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor
Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
Jane
Queen Mary I
An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
Parishes are ordered to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage.
Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage
Scotland: General Provincial Council orders
Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
Walloon Protestants arrive as refuges from the Low Countries
First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
Edward VI
English Parliament declares enclosures legal
First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal
Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand
9th June First Book of Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the British Isles
Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey
Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)
Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias'
Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)
English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales
King Edward VI
English replaced Latin in chruch services in England and Wales
Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982
Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders
Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland
Mary of Guise Regent of Scotland
Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him
Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots' succeeds him just 6 days old
Catherine Howard executed
Ther Rout of Solway Moss and the death of King James V of Scots
Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
Henry VIII proclaimed King (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
First French settlement
Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day, wife #5
Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves
First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester
Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4
Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
Henry VIII issues English Bible
English and Welsh parish registers start
English and Welsh parish registers start
Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future Edward VI
The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th October)
Anne Boleyn executed
Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
Dissolution of monastries starts in England
Sir Thomas More executed
Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
Reformation of the Catholic Church in England Church (Henry VIII)
Jacques Cartier explores Gulf of St. Lawrence
Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen on 1st June)
Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
Diet of Speyer: origin of the word Protestant
St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
Sweden leaves the union
The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings
Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored by Cardinal Wolsey
Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as start of the Reformation
Thomas More writes Utopia'
Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
Recording of Testaments (wills) begins in Scotland
The recording of testaments (wills) begins.
Battle of Flodden, defeat of Scottish Army - death of King James IV of Scots
Battle of the Spurs - English troops under Henry VIII defeat a French force at Guinegate
Battle of Flodden, defeat of the Scotish Army
Urs Graf invents etching
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, exhibited to the public for the first time
The Auld Alliance' treaty with France - all Scottish citizens became French and vice versa
Admiralty founded in London
Admiralty founded in London
Henry VIII
Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel
Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein
Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
Henry VIII becomes king of England (to 1547) at 17 years old
Naturalisation papers start in England
Naturalisation papers start in England
King Henry VIII
Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland
Suggestion put forward that the New World be named America in honour of Amerigo Vespucci (on Martin Waldseem?ller's world map)
First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
First printing press in Scotland set up in Edinburgh by Andrew Myllar
First contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican
Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
Royal College of Surgeons founded in Edinburgh
Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa (-1505)
Marriage of King James IV of Scots and Margaret Tudor
Gaspar de Corte-Real explorations
The first flush toilets appeared
Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne, executed
Parish registers instituted in Spain by Cardinal Ximenes
John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) explorations
Foundation of the University of Aberdeen (as King's College)
Whiskey invented in Scotland
Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines
Martin Behaim invented the first map globe
Bell chimes invented
Henry VII Gaunt
In Venice, the first known copyright granted
King Henry VII
Battle of Bosworth Field
Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute
Introduction of bail
Edward V PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
King Edward V
King Richard III
Caxton sets up press in Westminster
Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany
St. Andrews made a bishopric
Orkney and Shetland Islands acquired from Norway by Scotland
Irish living near English settlements made to take English surnames
In Germany, drypoint engravings invented
Edward IV
King Edward IV
King Jmes II of Scots killed by an exploding cannon at Kelso
First recorded mention of golf in Scotland
Fall of the Black Douglases in Scotland
Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type
End of the Hundred Years War PROBLEM: start is > earliestEnd, start is > end
Henry VI
King Henry VI
Regular series of wills starts in Prerogative Court of Canterbury
1498 - 1568 (70 years)